不同配置人工湿地植物群落对生活污水净化效果
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摘要
植物群落是湿地生态系统的重要组分,湿地植物群落物种组成对水体净化功能具有重要作用。选择茭草(Zizania caduciflora)、鸢尾(Iris tectorum)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)和眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)4种湿地常见物种和CK(无植被)的人工湿地,对不同湿地植物群落净化污水的效果进行了对比研究。结果表明:4种不同植物群落人工湿地对生活污水净化效果不同,其中BOD_5,COD_(Cr),TN,NH~+_4-N,NO~-_3-N,TP质量浓度随时间变化逐渐降低,相同月份BOD_5,COD_(Cr),TN,NH~+_4-N,NO~-_3-N,TP质量浓度大致表现为CK>茭草>鸢尾>菖蒲>眼子菜;BOD_5,COD_(Cr),TN,NH~+_4-N,NO~-_3-N,TP去除率随时间变化逐渐增加,相同月份去除率大致表现为眼子菜>菖蒲>鸢尾>鸢尾,局部有所波动。4种不同植物群落地上生物量变化范围为25.9～39.6 g/m~2,大致表现为眼子菜>菖蒲>鸢尾>茭草,其中眼子菜和菖蒲差异不显著(p>0.05),鸢尾和茭草差异不显著(p>0.05);地下生物量变化范围在31.2～41.3 g/m~2,大致表现为眼子菜>菖蒲>鸢尾>茭草,不同植物差异均显著(p<0.05);地下N,P累积量均高于地上N,P累积量,大致表现为眼子菜>菖蒲>鸢尾>茭草,不同植物地上和地下P累积量差异均不显著(p>0.05)。相关性分析表明,茭草、鸢尾、菖蒲和眼子菜TP与P累积量呈显著正相关;TN,NH~+_4-N,NO~-_3-N与N累积量呈显著正相关;COD_(Cr),BOD_5与地下生物量呈显著正相关,与地上生物量和P累积量没有显著相关性(p>0.05)。由此表明,地下生物量在净化水质过程中起着重要作用,根系发达的植物具有更强的净化效果。
Hygrophyte is an important part of a constructed wetland system. Species composition of wetland plant communities are important in the water-cleaning functions of wetlands. Four common wetland plants(Zizania caduciflora, Iris tectorum, Acorus calamus and Potamogeton pectinatus) in natural wetlands were chosen. The effect of the different plant communities on the treatment of domestic sewage were compared. The results showed that the four different plant communities in constructed wetlands had different impact, and the concentrations of BOD_5, COD_(Cr), TN, NH~+_4-N, NO~-_3-N, TP deceased with the time, decreased in the order: CK>Zizania caduciflora>Iris tectorum>Acorus calamus>Potamogeton pectinatus; the purification effects of BOD_5, COD_(Cr), TN, NH~+_4-N, NO~-_3-N, TP increased with the time, decreased in the order: CK>Zizania caduciflora>Iris tectorum>Acorus calamus>Potamogeton pectinatus; the aboveground biomass ranged from 25.9～39.6 g/m~2, following the order: Zizania caduciflora>Iris tectorum> Acorus calamus>Potamogeton pectinatus, effects of Zizania caduciflora and Iris tectorum had no significant difference(p>0.05), effects of Acorus calamus and Potamogeton pectinatus had no significant difference(p>0.05); the belowground biomass ranged from 31.2～41.3 g/m~2, following the order: Zizania caduciflora>Iris tectorum>Acorus calamus>Potamogeton pectinatus, and presenting the significant difference(p<0.05); N and P accumulations in belowground were higher than aboveground, which decreased in the order: Zizania caduciflora>Iris tectorum>Acorus calamus>Potamogeton pectinatus, difference of P accumulation between the aboveground and belowground was not significant(p>0.05). The correlation analysis showed that there was the significant positive correlation between TP and P accumulations in water bamboo, irises, calamus and brassica. TN, NH~+_4-N, NO~-_3-N and N accumulations were significantly positively correlated. COD_(Cr) and BOD_5 were positively correlated with underground biomass, but not correlated with aboveground biomass and P accumulation. In total, the underground biomass plays an important role in the process of purifying water quality, and the plants with well developed root have the greater clean-up effect.
Hygrophyte is an important part of a constructed wetland system. Species composition of wetland plant communities are important in the water-cleaning functions of wetlands. Four common wetland plants(Zizania caduciflora, Iris tectorum, Acorus calamus and Potamogeton pectinatus) in natural wetlands were chosen. The effect of the different plant communities on the treatment of domestic sewage were compared. The results showed that the four different plant communities in constructed wetlands had different impact, and the concentrations of BOD_5, COD_(Cr), TN, NH~+_4-N, NO~-_3-N, TP deceased with the time, decreased in the order: CK>Zizania caduciflora>Iris tectorum>Acorus calamus>Potamogeton pectinatus; the purification effects of BOD_5, COD_(Cr), TN, NH~+_4-N, NO~-_3-N, TP increased with the time, decreased in the order: CK>Zizania caduciflora>Iris tectorum>Acorus calamus>Potamogeton pectinatus; the aboveground biomass ranged from 25.9～39.6 g/m~2, following the order: Zizania caduciflora>Iris tectorum> Acorus calamus>Potamogeton pectinatus, effects of Zizania caduciflora and Iris tectorum had no significant difference(p>0.05), effects of Acorus calamus and Potamogeton pectinatus had no significant difference(p>0.05); the belowground biomass ranged from 31.2～41.3 g/m~2, following the order: Zizania caduciflora>Iris tectorum>Acorus calamus>Potamogeton pectinatus, and presenting the significant difference(p<0.05); N and P accumulations in belowground were higher than aboveground, which decreased in the order: Zizania caduciflora>Iris tectorum>Acorus calamus>Potamogeton pectinatus, difference of P accumulation between the aboveground and belowground was not significant(p>0.05). The correlation analysis showed that there was the significant positive correlation between TP and P accumulations in water bamboo, irises, calamus and brassica. TN, NH~+_4-N, NO~-_3-N and N accumulations were significantly positively correlated. COD_(Cr) and BOD_5 were positively correlated with underground biomass, but not correlated with aboveground biomass and P accumulation. In total, the underground biomass plays an important role in the process of purifying water quality, and the plants with well developed root have the greater clean-up effect.
引文
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[15] 武俊梅,徐栋,张丽萍,等.人工湿地基质再生技术的研究进展[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(11):5133-5141.
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[17] 刘阳,李丹,孙红英,等.模拟人工湿地植物丰富度对硝氮去除及净温室效应的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2173-2180.
[18] 陶敏,贺锋,胡晗,等.碳氧调控下人工湿地净化效果的协同与拮抗研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3646-3652.
[19] 晋凯迪,于鲁冀,陈涛,等.植物碳源调控对人工湿地脱氮效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(10):5611-5616.
[20] 陈昢圳,华进程,郑向群,等.以建筑废砖为填料的人工湿地对农村生活污水的净化效果[J].环境工程,2017,35(9):35-39.
[21] 房昀昊,彭剑峰,宋永会,等.高通量测序法表征潜流人工湿地中不同植物根际细菌群落特征[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):911-918.
[22] 张彩莹,杜瑞卿,王岩.季节气温变化对潜流人工湿地处理效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(4):1706-1712.
[23] 张长宽,倪其军,杨栋,等.低温条件下高效复合人工湿地对尾水的净化效应[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2034-2040.
[24] 唐孟煊,吴娟,代嫣然,等.组合式垂直流人工湿地工艺及其污水处理效果[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1017-1022.
[25] 张玉,徐德福,李映雪,等.2种动物对复合垂直流人工湿地基质中磷形态的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2413-2419.
[26] 郭士林,叶春,李春华,等.水位波动对水平潜流人工湿地脱氮效果的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):932-940.
[2] Oon Y L,Ong S A,Ho L N,et al.Synergistic effect of up-flow constructed wetland and microbial fuel cell for simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy recovery[J].Bioresour Technol,2016,203:190-197.
[3] Hang Q,Wang H,Chu Z,et al.Application of plant carbon source for denitrification by constructed wetland and bioreactor:review of recent development[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,2016,23(9):8260-8274.
[4] Fu G,Huangshen L,Guo Z,et al.Effect of plant-based carbon sources on denitrifying microorganisms in a vertical flow constructed wetland[J].Bioresour Technol,2017,224:214-221.
[5] De R P,Greenway M,El H A.Phosphorus removal from secondary sewage and septage using sand media amended with biochar in constructed wetland mesocosms[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,569:123-133.
[6] 雷旭,李冰,李晓,等.复合垂直流人工湿地系统中不同植物根际微生物群落结构[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(5):1373-1381.
[7] 史鹏博,朱洪涛,孙德智.人工湿地不同填料组合去除典型污染物的研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):704-711.
[8] 刘曦,赵亚芳,张小玲,等.2012年洱海地区邓北桥人工湿地和永安江生态护岸植物群落多样性[J].湿地科学,2018,16(1):45-50.
[9] 胡世琴.人工湿地不同植被净化污水效果及其氮磷累积研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):200-206.
[10] 李伟斯,李长虹,徐斌,等.人工湿地植被净化水质效果及其氮磷累积研究[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(3):15-20.
[11] 左倬,陈煜权,成必新,等.不同植物配置下人工湿地大型底栖动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2016,36(4):953-960.
[12] 张骁栋,李伟,潘旭,等.表流人工湿地氮素形态组成及去除效率研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(3):503-509.
[13] 李紫霞,唐晓丹,崔理华.3种负荷对模拟垂直流人工湿地去除氮,磷效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(2):637-642.
[14] 黄余春,田昆,岳海涛,等.云南高原4种湿地植物群落对生活污水TP、COD净化效果研究[J].西部林业科学,2012,41(2):33-37.
[15] 武俊梅,徐栋,张丽萍,等.人工湿地基质再生技术的研究进展[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(11):5133-5141.
[16] 李振灵,丁彦礼,白少元,等.潜流人工湿地基质结构与微生物群落特征的相关性[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3713-3720.
[17] 刘阳,李丹,孙红英,等.模拟人工湿地植物丰富度对硝氮去除及净温室效应的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2173-2180.
[18] 陶敏,贺锋,胡晗,等.碳氧调控下人工湿地净化效果的协同与拮抗研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3646-3652.
[19] 晋凯迪,于鲁冀,陈涛,等.植物碳源调控对人工湿地脱氮效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(10):5611-5616.
[20] 陈昢圳,华进程,郑向群,等.以建筑废砖为填料的人工湿地对农村生活污水的净化效果[J].环境工程,2017,35(9):35-39.
[21] 房昀昊,彭剑峰,宋永会,等.高通量测序法表征潜流人工湿地中不同植物根际细菌群落特征[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):911-918.
[22] 张彩莹,杜瑞卿,王岩.季节气温变化对潜流人工湿地处理效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(4):1706-1712.
[23] 张长宽,倪其军,杨栋,等.低温条件下高效复合人工湿地对尾水的净化效应[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2034-2040.
[24] 唐孟煊,吴娟,代嫣然,等.组合式垂直流人工湿地工艺及其污水处理效果[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1017-1022.
[25] 张玉,徐德福,李映雪,等.2种动物对复合垂直流人工湿地基质中磷形态的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2413-2419.
[26] 郭士林,叶春,李春华,等.水位波动对水平潜流人工湿地脱氮效果的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):932-940.