黑山寨古城小考
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摘要
黑山寨古城位于北魏怀朔镇所在的包头市固阳县白灵淖城圐圙古城西南约2.5公里的孤山之上,城址依山而建,军事防御功能较强。通过实地调查,结合《魏书》《水经注》等史籍的相关记载,考证黑山寨古城初建之时为西汉光禄城,属于光禄塞东端的中心军事城邑;北魏早期,道武帝拓跋珪曾驻跸于此,称作黑城,延和二年(433年)于黑城设镇,名为黑城镇;再后来于黑城镇北面纽垤川建新城,形成新、旧二城并列的局面,并改名为怀朔镇。
Heishanzhai ancient city is located on the isolated hill 2.5 kilometers southwest of the ancient city of Bailingnao Chengkulue, Guyang County, Baotou City, where is the location of Huaishuo Town in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The city was built on the mountain and had a strong military defense function. Through the field investigations and according to the relevant historical records such as "Wei Shu" and "Shui Jing Zhu", it is verified that the ancient city of Heishanzhai is Guanglu City in the Western Han Dynasty when it was first built, which belonged to the central military city of the eastern part of the Guanglusai fort. In the early Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Daowu Tuoba Gui was stationed and established town there in 433, which was named Heicheng Town. And later he built a new city at Niudiechuan in the northern part of Heicheng Town, which formed a juxtaposition of the old city and the new city, thus Huaishuo Town was named.
Heishanzhai ancient city is located on the isolated hill 2.5 kilometers southwest of the ancient city of Bailingnao Chengkulue, Guyang County, Baotou City, where is the location of Huaishuo Town in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The city was built on the mountain and had a strong military defense function. Through the field investigations and according to the relevant historical records such as "Wei Shu" and "Shui Jing Zhu", it is verified that the ancient city of Heishanzhai is Guanglu City in the Western Han Dynasty when it was first built, which belonged to the central military city of the eastern part of the Guanglusai fort. In the early Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Daowu Tuoba Gui was stationed and established town there in 433, which was named Heicheng Town. And later he built a new city at Niudiechuan in the northern part of Heicheng Town, which formed a juxtaposition of the old city and the new city, thus Huaishuo Town was named.
引文
[1]张文平,袁永春.考古调查确认北魏阴山行宫广德殿旧址[J].草原文物,2015(1):131-134.
[2]郦道元.水经注[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
[3]张文平,苗润华.长城资源调查对于北魏长城及六镇镇戍遗址的新认识[J].阴山学刊,2014(6):18-30.
[4]魏收.魏书[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[5]牟发松.北魏军镇起源新探[J].社会科学,2017(11):129-141.
[6]张文平.关于北魏“泰常八年长城”的质疑[G]//北方民族考古:第4辑.北京:科学出版社,2017:205-211.
[7]班固.汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1962.
[8]张文平.汉代五原塞考[J].草原文物,2018(1):89-98.
[9]李逸友.汉光禄城的考察[J].内蒙古文物考古,1984(3):46-51.
[10]张文平.石门障寻踪[J].草原文物,2016(2):93-97.
[2]郦道元.水经注[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
[3]张文平,苗润华.长城资源调查对于北魏长城及六镇镇戍遗址的新认识[J].阴山学刊,2014(6):18-30.
[4]魏收.魏书[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[5]牟发松.北魏军镇起源新探[J].社会科学,2017(11):129-141.
[6]张文平.关于北魏“泰常八年长城”的质疑[G]//北方民族考古:第4辑.北京:科学出版社,2017:205-211.
[7]班固.汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1962.
[8]张文平.汉代五原塞考[J].草原文物,2018(1):89-98.
[9]李逸友.汉光禄城的考察[J].内蒙古文物考古,1984(3):46-51.
[10]张文平.石门障寻踪[J].草原文物,2016(2):93-97.