基于车用氮氧化物传感器的工程机械NO_x排放因子测量方法研究
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摘要
为了能够低成本地获得包括工程机械在内的非道路移动机械的NO_x排放因子,基于目前广泛使用的车用氮氧化物传感器开展了NO_x排放因子的测量系统搭建和计算模型研究.基于柴油机尾气O_2浓度、NO_x浓度、环境温湿度和燃料特性等参数建立了非道路移动机械单位油耗NO_x排放因子计算模型.为了验证测量系统与计算模型,开展了4台工程机械的实际道路验证试验,并选取其中一台开展了基于车载排放测试系统(PEMS)的NO_x排放比对试验.比对和实测试验结果表明建立的NO_x排放因子测量方法具有较低的相对误差和稳定性,与车载排放测量系统的测量结果相比具有很好的相关性.被测2台挖掘机和1台推土机、1台压路机的平均单位油耗NO_x排放因子分别为(22.8±4.0)、(35.8±16.0)和(55.0±18.0)、(68.8±13.0) g·kg~(-1).基于车用氮氧化物传感器的NO_x排放因子测量结果与目前国内外已有研究的NO_x排放因子测量结果接近.
In order to obtain the NO_x emission factors of non-road mobile machinery which including construction machinery at low cost, the establishment and algorithm of the measurement system of transient fuel-specific NO_x emission factor is carried out based on the currently widely used vehicular NO_x sensor. The formula of instantaneous fuel specific NO_x emission factor was established by the oxygen concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration and ambient temperature, humidity. In order to verify the measurement system and the algorithm, the real operation condition test of four construction machineries were carried out, and one of them was selected to carry out the emission comparison experiment based on the portable emission measurement system(PEMS). The comparison and the verification experiments results show that the established NO_x emission factor measurement method has low relative error and excellent stability. The established measurement method has a good correlation with the measurement results of the PEMS. The average fuel-specific NO_x emission factors of the two excavators, one excavator and one roller measured as shown in the verification test results are(32.4±4.0),(35.8±16.0) and(55.0±18.0),(68.8±13.0) g·kg~(-1) respectively. NO_x emission factors obtained by the measurement method based on the vehicle NO_x sensor are similar to the existing worldwide research results.
In order to obtain the NO_x emission factors of non-road mobile machinery which including construction machinery at low cost, the establishment and algorithm of the measurement system of transient fuel-specific NO_x emission factor is carried out based on the currently widely used vehicular NO_x sensor. The formula of instantaneous fuel specific NO_x emission factor was established by the oxygen concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration and ambient temperature, humidity. In order to verify the measurement system and the algorithm, the real operation condition test of four construction machineries were carried out, and one of them was selected to carry out the emission comparison experiment based on the portable emission measurement system(PEMS). The comparison and the verification experiments results show that the established NO_x emission factor measurement method has low relative error and excellent stability. The established measurement method has a good correlation with the measurement results of the PEMS. The average fuel-specific NO_x emission factors of the two excavators, one excavator and one roller measured as shown in the verification test results are(32.4±4.0),(35.8±16.0) and(55.0±18.0),(68.8±13.0) g·kg~(-1) respectively. NO_x emission factors obtained by the measurement method based on the vehicle NO_x sensor are similar to the existing worldwide research results.
引文
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Heidari B,Marr L C.2015.Real-time emissions from construction equipment compared with model predictions[J].Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,65(2):115-125
李东玲,吴烨,周昱,等.2012.我国典型工程机械燃油消耗量及排放清单研究[J].环境科学,33(2):518-524
鲁君,黄成,胡磬遥,等.2017.长三角地区典型城市非道路移动机械大气污染物排放清单[J].环境科学,38(7):2738-2746
盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国.2013.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社.230-231
Wang F,Li Z,Zhang K,et al.2016.An overview of non-road equipment emissions in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,132:283-289
Yang L,Zhang S,Wu Y,et al.2016.Evaluating real-world CO 2 and NOx emissions for public transit buses using a remote wireless on-board diagnostic (OBD) approach[J].Environmental Pollution,218:453-462
杨强,胡磬遥,黄成,等.2018.基于远程通讯技术的混动公交车SCR系统运行及NOx排放特征[J].环境科学,39(10):1-15
叶潇,李成,夏泽群,等.2018.内燃叉车尾气气态及细颗粒污染物排放特征研究[J].环境科学学报,38(4):1392-1403
Zavala M,Huertas J I,Prato D,et al.2017.Real-world emissions of in-use off-road vehicles in Mexico[J].Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,67(9):958-972
Zhao B,Wang S X,Liu H,et al.2013.NOx emissions in China:historical trends and future perspectives[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,13(19):9869-9897
张楚莹,王书肖,邢佳,等.2008.中国能源相关的氮氧化物排放现状与发展趋势分析[J].环境科学学报,28(12):2470-2479
张礼俊,郑君瑜,尹沙沙,等.2010.珠江三角洲非道路移动源排放清单开发[J].环境科学,31(4):886-891
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2015.非道路移动源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[S].北京
Anenberg S C,Miller J,Injares R M,et al.2017.Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11 major vehicle markets[J].Nature,545(7655):467
Cao T,Durbin T D,Russell R L,et al.2016.Evaluations of in-use emission factors from off-road construction equipment[J].Atmospheric Environment,147:234-245
Cao T,Russell R L,Durbin T D,et al.2018.Characterization of the emissions impacts of hybrid excavators with a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS)-based methodology[J].The Science of the Total Environment,635:112-119
Frey H C,Kim K,Pang S H,et al.2008.Characterization of real-world activity,fuel use,and emissions for selected motor graders fueled with petroleum diesel and B20 biodiesel[J].Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,58(10):1274-1287
Frey H C,Rasdorf W,Lewis P.2010.Comprehensive field study of fuel use and emissions of nonroad diesel construction equipment[J].Transportation Research Record,2158(1):69-76
Fu M,Ge Y,Tan J,et al.2012.Characteristics of typical non-road machinery emissions in China by using portable emission measurement system[J].Science of the Total Environment,437:255-261
付明亮,丁焰,尹航,等.2013.实际作业工况下农用拖拉机的排放特性[J].农业工程学报,29(6):42-48
付明亮,丁焰,尹航,等.2014.基于燃油消耗的工程机械排放因子研究[J].北京理工大学学报,34(2):138-142
胡磬遥,楼狄明,胡志远,等.2015.基于排气氧浓度的车用生物柴油混合比例判断策略[J].内燃机工程,36(6):14-19
黄成,安静宇,鲁君.2018.长三角区域非道路移动机械排放清单及预测[J].环境科学,39(9):1-13
Heidari B,Marr L C.2015.Real-time emissions from construction equipment compared with model predictions[J].Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,65(2):115-125
李东玲,吴烨,周昱,等.2012.我国典型工程机械燃油消耗量及排放清单研究[J].环境科学,33(2):518-524
鲁君,黄成,胡磬遥,等.2017.长三角地区典型城市非道路移动机械大气污染物排放清单[J].环境科学,38(7):2738-2746
盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国.2013.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社.230-231
Wang F,Li Z,Zhang K,et al.2016.An overview of non-road equipment emissions in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,132:283-289
Yang L,Zhang S,Wu Y,et al.2016.Evaluating real-world CO 2 and NOx emissions for public transit buses using a remote wireless on-board diagnostic (OBD) approach[J].Environmental Pollution,218:453-462
杨强,胡磬遥,黄成,等.2018.基于远程通讯技术的混动公交车SCR系统运行及NOx排放特征[J].环境科学,39(10):1-15
叶潇,李成,夏泽群,等.2018.内燃叉车尾气气态及细颗粒污染物排放特征研究[J].环境科学学报,38(4):1392-1403
Zavala M,Huertas J I,Prato D,et al.2017.Real-world emissions of in-use off-road vehicles in Mexico[J].Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,67(9):958-972
Zhao B,Wang S X,Liu H,et al.2013.NOx emissions in China:historical trends and future perspectives[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,13(19):9869-9897
张楚莹,王书肖,邢佳,等.2008.中国能源相关的氮氧化物排放现状与发展趋势分析[J].环境科学学报,28(12):2470-2479
张礼俊,郑君瑜,尹沙沙,等.2010.珠江三角洲非道路移动源排放清单开发[J].环境科学,31(4):886-891
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2015.非道路移动源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[S].北京
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