不同植物生长调节剂对骏枣内源激素与果实品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】通过外援复配新型植物生长调节剂的应用,研究骏枣果实发育过程中内源激素的变化关系及对果实品质的影响,筛选可改善果实品质的复合型植物生长调节剂,为新疆红枣产业的可持续发展提供技术依据。【方法】选用6 a生密植骏枣为对象,以超敏蛋白、亚精胺、水杨酸、DA-6为材料进行复配3个配方,调查分析喷施对叶片与果实发育过程中内源激素含量、产量和果实品质的影响。【结果】通过外援亚精胺、水杨酸和DA-6复混试剂的应用,显著增强源叶的供应能力,减缓了库果的生长速度。在骏枣果实第一次快速生长期源叶、库果之间的IAA比值较对照提高了183.0%,单果重和产量分别较CK提高了27.69%和25.18%。超敏蛋白或水杨酸与亚精胺和DA-6的组合均显著提高了骏枣叶片从白熟到成熟期ZR的含量,ZR的叶果比能持续维持在1.37以上的高水平。30 mg/L的DA-6是提升骏枣叶片后期营养供应能力的核心物质之一。【结论】在枣树坐果后喷施0.25 mmol/L水杨酸与0.1 mmol/L亚精胺和30 mg/L DA-6的混合试剂,可解决骏枣因前期生长过快,后期营养不足致使干物质积累不够,果实不饱满、抗性不足的问题。
【Objective】 To study changes in the relationship of hormone metabolism and their effects on fruit quality during fruit development by applying exogenous plant growth regulators and screen compound plant growth regulators that can improve fruit quality in the hope of providing technical basis for the sustainable development of jujube industry in Xinjiang.【Method】Three formulations were made from hypersensitive protein, spermidine, salicylic acid and DA-6 to investigate and analyze the effects of spraying on endogenous hormone content, yield and fruit quality during leaf and fruit development of 6-year-old jun jujube.【Result】The application of exogenous spermidine, salicylic acid and DA-6 compound reagent significantly enhanced the supply capacity of the source leaves and slowed the growth rate of the fruit. In the first rapid growth period of Jujube fruit, the ratio of IAA between the sink and fruit increased by 183.0%, the weight and yield of single fruit increased by 27.69% and 25.18% than those of CK, respectively. The combination of hypersensitive protein or salicylic acid with spermidine and DA-6 significantly increased the content of ZR in the leaves of Jujube from white maturity to maturity, and the ratio of leaf to fruit of ZR was maintained at a high level above 1.37. 30 mg/L DA-6 was one of the core substances to improve the nutrient supply capacity of leaves on junjube in the later stage. 【Conclusion】Spraying 0.25 mmol/L salicylic acid with 0.1 mol/Lspermidine+30 mg/L DA-6 after fruit setting in jujube could solve the problem of fast growth in early stage and insufficient accumulation of dry matter, unfullness of fruit and resistance deficiency in later stage because leaves could not provide sufficient nutrition for fruit in late stage on jun jujube.
【Objective】 To study changes in the relationship of hormone metabolism and their effects on fruit quality during fruit development by applying exogenous plant growth regulators and screen compound plant growth regulators that can improve fruit quality in the hope of providing technical basis for the sustainable development of jujube industry in Xinjiang.【Method】Three formulations were made from hypersensitive protein, spermidine, salicylic acid and DA-6 to investigate and analyze the effects of spraying on endogenous hormone content, yield and fruit quality during leaf and fruit development of 6-year-old jun jujube.【Result】The application of exogenous spermidine, salicylic acid and DA-6 compound reagent significantly enhanced the supply capacity of the source leaves and slowed the growth rate of the fruit. In the first rapid growth period of Jujube fruit, the ratio of IAA between the sink and fruit increased by 183.0%, the weight and yield of single fruit increased by 27.69% and 25.18% than those of CK, respectively. The combination of hypersensitive protein or salicylic acid with spermidine and DA-6 significantly increased the content of ZR in the leaves of Jujube from white maturity to maturity, and the ratio of leaf to fruit of ZR was maintained at a high level above 1.37. 30 mg/L DA-6 was one of the core substances to improve the nutrient supply capacity of leaves on junjube in the later stage. 【Conclusion】Spraying 0.25 mmol/L salicylic acid with 0.1 mol/Lspermidine+30 mg/L DA-6 after fruit setting in jujube could solve the problem of fast growth in early stage and insufficient accumulation of dry matter, unfullness of fruit and resistance deficiency in later stage because leaves could not provide sufficient nutrition for fruit in late stage on jun jujube.
引文
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[7]郭珍,徐福利,汪有科.5-氨基乙酰丙酸对枣树生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(3):93-96.GUO Zheng,XU Fu-li,WANG You-ke.(2010).Effects of 5-aminolevulinic Aacid on the Growth,the Yield and Quality of Compact Jujube in Mountainous Region [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,25(3):93-96.(in Chinese)
[8]宋丽华,曹兵,吕文玮.ALA对设施灵武长枣光合作用与坐果的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(6):37-41.SONG Li-hua,CAO Bing,Lü Wen-wei.(2013).Effect of ALA on Photosynthesis and Fruit Setting Rate of Lingwu Long Jujube Planted in Greenhouse [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,28(6):37-41.(in Chinese)
[9]张政,张强.荞麦幼苗内源激素的高效液相色谱测定法[J].色谱,1994,(2):140-141.ZHANG Zheng,ZHANG Qiang.(1994).High Performance Liquid Chromatographic(HPLC) Determination of Internal Hormones in Buckwheat Seedlings [J].Chinese Journal of Chromatogrphy,(2):140 -141.(in Chinese)
[10]彭丽丽,姜卫兵,韩健.源库关系变化对果树产量及果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究,2012,30(3):134-140PENG Li-li,JIANG Wei-bing,HAN Jian.(2012).Effects of source-sink relationship change on yield and quality in fruit tree [J].Nonwood Forest Research,30(3):134-140.(in Chinese)
[11]王永锐.作物高产群体生理[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1991:131-135.WANG Yong-rui.(1991).Crop high yield population physiology [M].Beijing:Science and Technology Literature Press:131-135.(in Chinese)
[12]黄卫东,张平,李文清.6-BA对葡萄果实生长及碳、氮同化物运输的影响[J].园艺学报,2002,29(4) :303-306.HUANG Wei-dong,ZHANG Ping,LI Wen-qing.(2002).The Effects of 6-BA on the Fruit Development and Transportation of Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilates in Grape [J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,29(4):303-306.(in Chinese)
[13] Sakakibara H.(2006).Cytokinins:activity,biosynthesis,and translocation.Annual Review of Plant Biology,57:431-449.
[14] Zhang,H.,& Zhou,C.(2013).Signal transduction in leaf senescence.Plant Molecular Biology,82(6):539-545.
[15] Breeze,E.,Harrison,E.,Mchattie,S.,Hughes,L.,Hickman,R.,& Hill,C.,et al.(2011).High-resolution temporal profiling of transcripts during arabidopsis leaf senescence reveals a distinct chronology of processes and regulation.The Plant Cell,23(3):873-894.
[2]史彦江,宋锋惠.红枣在新疆的发展前景及对策[J].新疆农业科学,2005,42(6):418-422.SHI Yan-jiang,SONG Feng-hui.(2005).Development prospect and counterplan of Ziziphus jujube in Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,42(6):418-422.(in Chinese)
[3]陈虹.新疆统计年鉴[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2017:354-355.CHEN Hong.(2017).Xinjiang statistical yearbook [J].Beijing:China Statistics Press:354-355 (in Chinese)
[4]高晶晶,冯新新,段春慧,等.ALA提高苹果叶片光合性能与果实品质的效应[J].果树学报,2013,30(6):944-951.GAO Jing-jing,FENG Xin-xin,DUAN Chun-hui,et al.(2013).Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality of apples[J].Journal of Fruit Science,30(6):944-951.(in Chinese)
[5]王中华,汤国辉,李志强,等.5-氨基乙酰丙酸和金雀异黄素促进苹果果皮花青素形成的效应[J].园艺学报,2006,33(5):1 055-1 058.WANG Zhong-hua,TANG Guo-hui,LI Zhi-qiang,et al.(2006).Promotion of 5-aminolevulinic acid and genistein on anthocyanin accumulation in apples[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,33(5):1,055 -1,058.(in Chinese)
[6]辛守鹏,刘帅,余阳,等.赤霉素与细胞分裂素对葡萄果实邻近叶光合特性及果实品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1-9.XIN Shou-peng,LIU Shuai,YU Yang,et al.(2015).Effects of GA3 and CPPU on grape fruit adjacent leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,26(6):1-9.(in Chinese)
[7]郭珍,徐福利,汪有科.5-氨基乙酰丙酸对枣树生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(3):93-96.GUO Zheng,XU Fu-li,WANG You-ke.(2010).Effects of 5-aminolevulinic Aacid on the Growth,the Yield and Quality of Compact Jujube in Mountainous Region [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,25(3):93-96.(in Chinese)
[8]宋丽华,曹兵,吕文玮.ALA对设施灵武长枣光合作用与坐果的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(6):37-41.SONG Li-hua,CAO Bing,Lü Wen-wei.(2013).Effect of ALA on Photosynthesis and Fruit Setting Rate of Lingwu Long Jujube Planted in Greenhouse [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,28(6):37-41.(in Chinese)
[9]张政,张强.荞麦幼苗内源激素的高效液相色谱测定法[J].色谱,1994,(2):140-141.ZHANG Zheng,ZHANG Qiang.(1994).High Performance Liquid Chromatographic(HPLC) Determination of Internal Hormones in Buckwheat Seedlings [J].Chinese Journal of Chromatogrphy,(2):140 -141.(in Chinese)
[10]彭丽丽,姜卫兵,韩健.源库关系变化对果树产量及果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究,2012,30(3):134-140PENG Li-li,JIANG Wei-bing,HAN Jian.(2012).Effects of source-sink relationship change on yield and quality in fruit tree [J].Nonwood Forest Research,30(3):134-140.(in Chinese)
[11]王永锐.作物高产群体生理[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1991:131-135.WANG Yong-rui.(1991).Crop high yield population physiology [M].Beijing:Science and Technology Literature Press:131-135.(in Chinese)
[12]黄卫东,张平,李文清.6-BA对葡萄果实生长及碳、氮同化物运输的影响[J].园艺学报,2002,29(4) :303-306.HUANG Wei-dong,ZHANG Ping,LI Wen-qing.(2002).The Effects of 6-BA on the Fruit Development and Transportation of Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilates in Grape [J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,29(4):303-306.(in Chinese)
[13] Sakakibara H.(2006).Cytokinins:activity,biosynthesis,and translocation.Annual Review of Plant Biology,57:431-449.
[14] Zhang,H.,& Zhou,C.(2013).Signal transduction in leaf senescence.Plant Molecular Biology,82(6):539-545.
[15] Breeze,E.,Harrison,E.,Mchattie,S.,Hughes,L.,Hickman,R.,& Hill,C.,et al.(2011).High-resolution temporal profiling of transcripts during arabidopsis leaf senescence reveals a distinct chronology of processes and regulation.The Plant Cell,23(3):873-894.
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