水泡粪猪场粪污养分及风险因子季节性变化分析
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摘要
为进一步明确水泡粪养猪工艺下粪污的理化性质、养分含量等基本情况,为猪场粪污合理化利用提供数据参考,在江苏沿海地区选择一家典型的水泡粪养殖场进行了研究。对水泡粪工艺的集粪池进行定期取样,并对理化性质、养分以及风险因子等17项指标进行研究分析,结果表明:理化性质指标中pH值高于7.0呈弱碱性,水溶性有机碳含量季节间变化不明显(P>0.05),总固体含量秋季最低(P<0.05),盐分含量冬季最高(P<0.05);养分含量指标中总氮、铵态氮含量在4个季节中呈递增趋势,总磷、速效磷、腐植酸含量呈夏秋高、冬春低趋势,总钾、速效钾、有机质含量呈冬春高、夏秋低的趋势;风险因子指标中COD含量在春、秋、冬3个季节间较为稳定,夏季较低,BOD则是春季较大,而夏、秋、冬3季总体含量较为稳定,Cu含量夏季含量最高,Zn含量四季相对均衡。水泡粪养猪工艺条件下粪污的养分含量、理化性质较为稳定,可作为有机肥原料,但其产生的大量废水须经过沼气工程等配套设施的降污处理后进行资源化利用。
In order to further clarify the physical and chemical properties and the nutrient content of faeces in pig farm with"faeces-in-water"process,and to provide data reference for the rational use of pig manure,the author selected a typical pig farm using"faeces-in-water"process in the coastal area of Jiangsu province,terminally collected the faeces samples from the"faeces-in-water"process of this farm,and analyzed their 17 indexes,including physical and chemical properties,nutrient content and risk factors. Among the physical and chemical property indexes of faeces samples,the pH-value was above 7.0,showing weakly alkaline; the seasonal changes in water-soluble organic carbon content were not obvious(P> 0.05); the total solid content was the lowest in autumn(P<0.05); the salt content was the highest in winter(P< 0.05). Among faeces nutrient content indexes,the contents of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen exhibited an increasing trend from spring to winter; the contents of total phosphorus,available phosphorus and humic acid were higher in summer and autumn,while they were lower in spring and winter;the contents of total potassium,available potassium and organic matter were higher in spring and winter,while they were lower in summer and autumn. In the risk factor indexes,the COD content was relatively stable in spring,autumn and winter,while it was lower in summer; the BOD content was the highest in spring,while it was relatively stable in the other three seasons; the Cu content was the highest in summer; the Zn content was relatively balanced in all seasons. Under the conditions of"faeces-in-water"process,the faeces had relatively stable nutrient content and physicochemical properties,so it can be used as the raw materials of organic fertilizer; but the plenty of wastewater produced by this process cannot be used before sewage treatment.
In order to further clarify the physical and chemical properties and the nutrient content of faeces in pig farm with"faeces-in-water"process,and to provide data reference for the rational use of pig manure,the author selected a typical pig farm using"faeces-in-water"process in the coastal area of Jiangsu province,terminally collected the faeces samples from the"faeces-in-water"process of this farm,and analyzed their 17 indexes,including physical and chemical properties,nutrient content and risk factors. Among the physical and chemical property indexes of faeces samples,the pH-value was above 7.0,showing weakly alkaline; the seasonal changes in water-soluble organic carbon content were not obvious(P> 0.05); the total solid content was the lowest in autumn(P<0.05); the salt content was the highest in winter(P< 0.05). Among faeces nutrient content indexes,the contents of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen exhibited an increasing trend from spring to winter; the contents of total phosphorus,available phosphorus and humic acid were higher in summer and autumn,while they were lower in spring and winter;the contents of total potassium,available potassium and organic matter were higher in spring and winter,while they were lower in summer and autumn. In the risk factor indexes,the COD content was relatively stable in spring,autumn and winter,while it was lower in summer; the BOD content was the highest in spring,while it was relatively stable in the other three seasons; the Cu content was the highest in summer; the Zn content was relatively balanced in all seasons. Under the conditions of"faeces-in-water"process,the faeces had relatively stable nutrient content and physicochemical properties,so it can be used as the raw materials of organic fertilizer; but the plenty of wastewater produced by this process cannot be used before sewage treatment.
引文
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[3]占新华,周立祥.土壤溶液和水体中水溶性有机碳的比色测定[J].中国环境科学,2002(5):50-54.
[4]张艳春.猪场的清粪工艺及其优缺点[J].湖南农业,2017(7):27.
[5]边武英,金娟,叶波,等.清粪工艺对规模化沼气工程沼液养分含量的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(11):1993-1996.
[6]莫少春,俸祥仁,赵武,等.不同清粪工艺对养猪环境影响研究[J].中国畜禽种业,2018,14(2):111-113.
[7]王强,邵丹,童海兵,等.不同清粪模式对鸡舍环境质量及鸡粪成分的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2017,45(1):87-90.
[8]程龙梅,吴银宝,王燕,等.清粪方式对蛋鸡舍内空气环境质量及粪便理化性质的影响[J].中国家禽,2015,37(18):22-27.
[9]成冰,陈刚,李保明.规模化养猪业粪污治理与清粪工艺[J].世界农业,2006(5):50-51.
[10]李和国.规模化猪场猪粪中的营养素分析研究[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(3):77-81.
[11]邬兰娅,齐振宏,黄炜虹,等.我国养猪业粪便排泄物污染时空测度及处理技术的选择[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):246-251.
[12]关红民,王佳,李和国,等.规模猪场粪便中污染因子的四季动态监测研究[J].养猪,2013(6):75-77.
[13]王飞,邱凌,沈玉君,等.华北地区饲料和畜禽粪便中重金属质量分数调查分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):261-267.
[14]薄录吉,李彦,Luo J F,等.我国规模化养猪场粪便重金属污染特征与农用风险评价[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):258-267.
[15]陈定敢,李焕烈.猪场水泡粪工艺设计探讨[J].养猪,2013(1):73-78.
[16]刘秀婷,杨亮,赵许可,等.不同清粪模式对保育猪生产性能和舍内环境指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(6):45-50.