吕梁山红枣经济林土壤养分评价与施肥建议
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摘要
为促进吕梁山红枣经济林土壤肥力提升,从临县、柳林县、石楼县、兴县这4个县具有代表性的红枣经济林中采集土样,分析土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等基本养分含量,并根据全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准进行评价。结果表明,吕梁山红枣经济林土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾均为中等变异;土壤有机质、碱解氮含量主要处于5,6级水平,有效磷含量主要处于4级及以上水平,速效钾含量主要处于3,4级水平。吕梁山红枣经济林土壤有机质和碱解氮含量较低,有效磷含量中等偏下,速效钾含量中等,在今后的施肥过程中应注重有机肥和氮肥的投入,增施适量磷肥和微量钾肥,并实行保护性耕作方式。
To promote the improvement of soil fertility in the economic forest of Lüliang mountain jujube, soil samples were taken from the representative jujube economic forests of Linxian county, Liulin county, Shilou county and Xingxian county of Lüliang mountain. The basic nutrient contents such as organic matter, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were analyzed and evaluated according to the second national soil census nutrient grading standard. The results showed that the soil organic matter, alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were all moderately variable in the economic forest of Lüliang mountain. The contents of soil organic matter and alkali nitrogen were mainly in the 5th and 6th ranges, the available phosphorus content was mainly in the range of 4th range and above, the available potassium content was mainly in the 3th amd 4th range. The soil organic matter and alkali nitrogen content of Lüliang mountain jujube economic forest are low, the effective phosphorus content is moderate to low, and the available potassium content is moderate. In the future fertilization process, organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer should be paid attention to the input, the application of appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer, trace potassium fertilizer, and the implementation of conservation tillage.
To promote the improvement of soil fertility in the economic forest of Lüliang mountain jujube, soil samples were taken from the representative jujube economic forests of Linxian county, Liulin county, Shilou county and Xingxian county of Lüliang mountain. The basic nutrient contents such as organic matter, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were analyzed and evaluated according to the second national soil census nutrient grading standard. The results showed that the soil organic matter, alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were all moderately variable in the economic forest of Lüliang mountain. The contents of soil organic matter and alkali nitrogen were mainly in the 5th and 6th ranges, the available phosphorus content was mainly in the range of 4th range and above, the available potassium content was mainly in the 3th amd 4th range. The soil organic matter and alkali nitrogen content of Lüliang mountain jujube economic forest are low, the effective phosphorus content is moderate to low, and the available potassium content is moderate. In the future fertilization process, organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer should be paid attention to the input, the application of appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer, trace potassium fertilizer, and the implementation of conservation tillage.
引文
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[3]郭宏,杜毅飞,王海涛,等.黄土高原苹果园土壤和叶片养分状况分析:以陕西省黄陵县为例[J].土壤,2015,47(4):682-689.
[4]郭宏,刘天鹏,杜毅飞,等.黄土高原县域苹果园土壤养分空间变异特征[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(3):21-27.
[5]李青华,张静,王力,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区山地苹果林土壤干化及养分变异特征[J].土壤学报,2018,55(2):503-514.
[6]邹耀湘,梁智,张计峰,等.红枣配方施肥效果研究[J].科学施肥,2009(4):56-57.
[7]舒洲,徐福利,王渭玲,等.黄土丘陵区旱作山地红枣氮磷钾施肥效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(5):185-192.
[8]王晶晶,陈奇凌,李铭,等.氮、磷、钾配施对干旱区滴灌红枣产量和品质的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2014,39(2):47-50.
[9]黄素芳,李俊英.测土平衡施肥对金丝小枣生长发育、病害发生及土壤理化性状的影响[J].林业与生态科学,2018,33(1):75-81.
[10]吴硕,贾彦丽,智福军,等.枣树施肥研究进展[J].河北农业科学,2016,30(3):24-26.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[12]孙波,赵其国.低丘红壤肥力的时空变异[J].土壤学报,2002,39(2):190-197.
[13]林海波,夏忠敏,陈海燕.有机无机肥料配施研究进展[J].耕作与栽培,2017(4):67-69.
[14]张婉婷,金成功,张欢,等.有机无机肥料配施对连作区玉米土壤微生物及养分含量的影响[J].作物杂志,2016(3):110-115.
[15]潘义宏,顾毓敏,夏贤仁,等.有机肥与化肥配施对土壤微生物及烟叶品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2019,31(1):30-36.
[16]刘星,张影.有机无机肥配施对强筋小麦产量和植株生理特征及土壤性质的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(6):220-226.
[17]孙计平,张玉星,吴照辉,等.生草对梨园土壤物理特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):194-199.
[18]黄炎和,杨学震,蒋芳市.侵蚀坡地果园不同生草方式对土壤和果树生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(2):111-114.
[19]刘月英,孙洪强.坡地果园生草制的水土保持效应[J].水土保持应用技术,2017(6):23-24.