不同地区橡胶树红根病菌的生物学特性及室内毒力测定
|
摘要
橡胶树红根病是我国分布最广、危害最重的橡胶树根部病害。为明确我国海南和云南地区橡胶红根病菌的生物学特性及对杀菌剂的敏感性,采用十字交叉法研究了不同培养条件对病菌菌丝生长的影响,并测定了10种不同杀菌剂对病菌的抑制作用。结果表明,病原菌在玉米+橡胶根的培养基上生长最快,对温度、pH等适应范围广,温度在13～31℃,pH在3～10均能生长,最适生长温度为28℃,多数菌株最佳pH为7～9,且能利用多种碳氮源;不同的碳源中,果糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖较适合该菌的生长;在供试氮源中,菌丝在酪氨酸、牛肉浸膏的基础培养基上生长最快,在色氨酸和尿素的基础培养基上生长最慢;光照对病菌有抑制作用,黑暗有利于菌丝生长;菌丝的致死温度为47℃,10 min。不同地区的病原菌株间药剂敏感性存在一定差异,戊唑醇抑菌效果最好,其EC_(50)为0.0312μg/mL,其次为嘧菌酯、十三吗啉、咪鲜胺和腈菌唑,EC_(50)分别为0.5581、0.6759、1.3763和1.5603μg/mL。
Red root disease of the rubber tree, which occurred widely, not only causes severe damage to rubber tree production, but also becomes one of the major obstacles to the sust ainable development of the rubber tree industry in China. To clarify the biological characteristics and sensitivity to different fungicides, the mycelia growth of Ganoderma pseudoferreum was determined using the crossing method, and the inhibitory activiti es of 10 fungicides on G. pseudoferreum were also studied. The results showed that the mycelia of the pathogen grew better on the medium CMA with rubber root. They could grow at temperature of 13 to 31 ℃, best at 28 ℃. They grew well at pH varied from 3 to 10, best at 7-9. They could utilize many substances as carbon and nitrogen sources. Among carbon sources tested, fructose, galactose, maltose, glucose and mannose were found to be the best ones for the growth of G. pseudoferreum. Tyrosine and beef extract were the most suitable nitrogen sources while tryptophan and ureal were the worst. Darkness was good for mycelial growth while light had an inhibitory action. The lethal temperature for the mycelium was 47 ℃ for 10 min. The sensitivity of the isolates sourced from different regions to fungicides was different from each other. Tebuconazole was the most effective fungicide against the pathogen with an EC_(50) of 0.0312 μg/mL, followed by azoxystrobin, tridemorph, prochloraz and mycolbutanil with an EC_(50) of 0.5581, 0.6759, 1.3763 and 1.5603 μg/mL respectively.
Red root disease of the rubber tree, which occurred widely, not only causes severe damage to rubber tree production, but also becomes one of the major obstacles to the sust ainable development of the rubber tree industry in China. To clarify the biological characteristics and sensitivity to different fungicides, the mycelia growth of Ganoderma pseudoferreum was determined using the crossing method, and the inhibitory activiti es of 10 fungicides on G. pseudoferreum were also studied. The results showed that the mycelia of the pathogen grew better on the medium CMA with rubber root. They could grow at temperature of 13 to 31 ℃, best at 28 ℃. They grew well at pH varied from 3 to 10, best at 7-9. They could utilize many substances as carbon and nitrogen sources. Among carbon sources tested, fructose, galactose, maltose, glucose and mannose were found to be the best ones for the growth of G. pseudoferreum. Tyrosine and beef extract were the most suitable nitrogen sources while tryptophan and ureal were the worst. Darkness was good for mycelial growth while light had an inhibitory action. The lethal temperature for the mycelium was 47 ℃ for 10 min. The sensitivity of the isolates sourced from different regions to fungicides was different from each other. Tebuconazole was the most effective fungicide against the pathogen with an EC_(50) of 0.0312 μg/mL, followed by azoxystrobin, tridemorph, prochloraz and mycolbutanil with an EC_(50) of 0.5581, 0.6759, 1.3763 and 1.5603 μg/mL respectively.
引文
[1]何康,黄宗道.热带北缘橡胶树栽培[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1998:294-300.
[2]丁雄飞,刘昌芬.云南橡胶树灵芝分类研究[J].云南热作科技,1995,18(2):14-19.
[3]张运强,张辉强.橡胶树红根病的蔓延速度及预测预报[J].热带作物学报,1998,19(1):7-12.
[4]白建相,王涓,黄林,等.云南河口垦区橡胶树根病普查及治理方法探讨[J].热带农业科技,2008,31(3):7-11.
[5]Corner E J H.The identity of fungus causing wet-root rot of rubber trees in Malaya[J].Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia,1931,3(2):120-123.
[6]张运强,张辉强,邓晓东.橡胶树红根病病原菌的鉴定[J].热带作物学报,1997,18(1):16-23.
[7]张运强,谢艺贤,张辉强.橡胶树红根病病原菌的鉴定(Ⅱ)[J].热带作物学报,2000,21(1):20-24.
[8]彭军,张贺,张欣,等.橡胶树红根病病原菌rDNA-ITS序列鉴定[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(7):1393-1397.
[9]范会雄,古淦姚.十二吗啉、十三吗啉防治橡胶红、褐根病[J].农药,1981(3):52.
[10]黄雅志,裴汝康,刘昌芬.橡胶树红、褐根病综合防治的初步研究[J].云南热作科技,1988(3):1-7.
[11]詹光球,蔡江文.75%十三吗啉乳油防治橡胶红根病田间药效试验[J].热带农业科学,2012,32(5):59-60,90.
[12]李四有,邬国良.八种杀菌剂对橡胶树红根病菌的毒力测定[J].热带农业科学,2010,30(10):5-7.
[13]蓝志南,张良海,林之佩.百枯净虫线清防治橡胶树红褐根病试验初报[J].中国热带农业,2010(6):54-55.
[14]何其光,邬国良,郑服丛.橡胶树根病化学防治试验初报[J].中国热带农业,2011(4):43-44.
[15]黄雅志,裴汝康,刘昌芬.橡胶树红、褐根病综合防治的初步研究[J].云南热作科技,1988(3):1-7.
[16]余卓桐,罗大全,谢艺贤,等.橡胶树主要病害防治决策模型研究[J].中国热带农业,2006(3):26-29.
[17]张贺,蒲金基,张欣,等.橡胶树红根病病原菌生物学培养特性[J].热带作物学报,2008,29(5):632-635.
[18]Gohet E,Canh T V,Louandri M,et al.New developments in chemical control of white root disease of Hevea brasiliensis in Africa[J].Crop Protection,1991,10:234-238.
[19]贺春萍,吴海理,李锐,等.橡胶树白根病菌生物学研究[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(11):1981-1985.
[20]贺春萍,李锐,吴伟怀,等.12种杀菌剂对橡胶树褐根病菌的毒力测定[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(10):1987-1990.
[2]丁雄飞,刘昌芬.云南橡胶树灵芝分类研究[J].云南热作科技,1995,18(2):14-19.
[3]张运强,张辉强.橡胶树红根病的蔓延速度及预测预报[J].热带作物学报,1998,19(1):7-12.
[4]白建相,王涓,黄林,等.云南河口垦区橡胶树根病普查及治理方法探讨[J].热带农业科技,2008,31(3):7-11.
[5]Corner E J H.The identity of fungus causing wet-root rot of rubber trees in Malaya[J].Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia,1931,3(2):120-123.
[6]张运强,张辉强,邓晓东.橡胶树红根病病原菌的鉴定[J].热带作物学报,1997,18(1):16-23.
[7]张运强,谢艺贤,张辉强.橡胶树红根病病原菌的鉴定(Ⅱ)[J].热带作物学报,2000,21(1):20-24.
[8]彭军,张贺,张欣,等.橡胶树红根病病原菌rDNA-ITS序列鉴定[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(7):1393-1397.
[9]范会雄,古淦姚.十二吗啉、十三吗啉防治橡胶红、褐根病[J].农药,1981(3):52.
[10]黄雅志,裴汝康,刘昌芬.橡胶树红、褐根病综合防治的初步研究[J].云南热作科技,1988(3):1-7.
[11]詹光球,蔡江文.75%十三吗啉乳油防治橡胶红根病田间药效试验[J].热带农业科学,2012,32(5):59-60,90.
[12]李四有,邬国良.八种杀菌剂对橡胶树红根病菌的毒力测定[J].热带农业科学,2010,30(10):5-7.
[13]蓝志南,张良海,林之佩.百枯净虫线清防治橡胶树红褐根病试验初报[J].中国热带农业,2010(6):54-55.
[14]何其光,邬国良,郑服丛.橡胶树根病化学防治试验初报[J].中国热带农业,2011(4):43-44.
[15]黄雅志,裴汝康,刘昌芬.橡胶树红、褐根病综合防治的初步研究[J].云南热作科技,1988(3):1-7.
[16]余卓桐,罗大全,谢艺贤,等.橡胶树主要病害防治决策模型研究[J].中国热带农业,2006(3):26-29.
[17]张贺,蒲金基,张欣,等.橡胶树红根病病原菌生物学培养特性[J].热带作物学报,2008,29(5):632-635.
[18]Gohet E,Canh T V,Louandri M,et al.New developments in chemical control of white root disease of Hevea brasiliensis in Africa[J].Crop Protection,1991,10:234-238.
[19]贺春萍,吴海理,李锐,等.橡胶树白根病菌生物学研究[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(11):1981-1985.
[20]贺春萍,李锐,吴伟怀,等.12种杀菌剂对橡胶树褐根病菌的毒力测定[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(10):1987-1990.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |