毗邻隧道洞口遮阳棚光环境及二次污染数值模拟
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摘要
隧道群中毗邻隧道的照明与单体隧道照明有着显著差异。为减少白天毗邻隧道洞口由光照强度差异引起的交通事故,在公路隧道洞口采用遮阳棚的减光措施,可起到良好的减光效果,满足驾驶员的视觉特性,但往往结构形式较封闭,上游隧道洞口污染物易窜流到下游隧道进口形成"二次污染"。以毗邻隧道为背景,构建了底部两侧镂空、上方封闭的遮阳棚模型,利用光模拟计算软件Daylight Visualizer分析了毗邻隧道洞口的亮度变化规律及遮阳棚的减光效果;以标准k-ε双方程的三维紊流模型及多组分扩散传输为物理计算模型,采用Ansys Fluent流体分析软件数值模拟了无遮阳棚和有遮阳棚两种情况下,毗邻隧道洞口污染物的扩散情况。结果表明:所构建的遮阳棚(透光率30%)能大大减少隧道内与隧道间路面照度的差值,与较封闭遮阳棚相比,能更好地改善隧道洞口污染物的扩散。
Lighting of adjacent tunnels in the tunnel group is significantly different from that of the single tunnel.In order to reduce the traffic accidents caused by the difference of the light intensity at adjacent tunnel entrances during the daytime,sunshade awnings measures were adopted at tunnel entrances to reduce light,and to satisfy the drivers' visual characteristics.However,the structure was often closed,and the pollutants in the upstream tunnel portal could easily flow to the downstream tunnel entrance to form"secondary pollution".Based on the adjacent tunnels,a sunshade with hollowed-out on both sides of the bottom and closed on the top was constructed,and the light simulation analysis software Daylight Visualizer was used to analyze the rule of brightness change and the light reduction effect of sunshade of adjacent tunnels.The three-dimensional turbulence model based on the standard k-ε two-equation and the multi-group diffusion transfer were used as the physical calculation models.Ansys Fluent fluid analysis software was used to simulate the diffusion of pollutants at adjacent tunnel entrances with or without sunshade awnings.The results show that the constructed sunshade(transmittance 30%) can greatly reduce the gap of road illumination between tunnels,and it can better improve the diffusion of pollutants at tunnel portals,compared with the rather closed sunshade shed.
Lighting of adjacent tunnels in the tunnel group is significantly different from that of the single tunnel.In order to reduce the traffic accidents caused by the difference of the light intensity at adjacent tunnel entrances during the daytime,sunshade awnings measures were adopted at tunnel entrances to reduce light,and to satisfy the drivers' visual characteristics.However,the structure was often closed,and the pollutants in the upstream tunnel portal could easily flow to the downstream tunnel entrance to form"secondary pollution".Based on the adjacent tunnels,a sunshade with hollowed-out on both sides of the bottom and closed on the top was constructed,and the light simulation analysis software Daylight Visualizer was used to analyze the rule of brightness change and the light reduction effect of sunshade of adjacent tunnels.The three-dimensional turbulence model based on the standard k-ε two-equation and the multi-group diffusion transfer were used as the physical calculation models.Ansys Fluent fluid analysis software was used to simulate the diffusion of pollutants at adjacent tunnel entrances with or without sunshade awnings.The results show that the constructed sunshade(transmittance 30%) can greatly reduce the gap of road illumination between tunnels,and it can better improve the diffusion of pollutants at tunnel portals,compared with the rather closed sunshade shed.
引文
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[3]REGAN M A,HALLETT C,GORDON C P.Driver distraction and driver inattention:definition,relationship and taxonomy[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2011,43(5):1771-1781.
[4]翁季,潘贝.公路隧道入口减光措施研究[J].西部人居环境学刊,2013(6):10-14.WENG Ji,PAN Bei.A study on light reduction measures applied in highway tunnel portals[J].Journal of Human Settlements in West China,2013(6):10-14.
[5]敖敏霞.新城隧道遮光棚段光过渡效应与经济性的结合[J].隧道建设,2004,24(4):76-77,51.AO Minxia.Combination of light transition effect and economy in Xincheng Tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,2004,24(4):76-77,51.
[6]张连贺,徐湃,王晓雯,等.短距离连续公路隧道污染空气窜流数值分析[J].交通科技与经济,2012,14(2):23-26.ZHANG Lianhe,XU Pai,WANG Xiaowen,et al.Numerical analysis of the flow channeling in the short distance and continuous road tunnels[J].Technology&Economy in Areas of Communications,2012,14(2):23-26.
[7]韩星,杨洁,张翛.隧道群毗邻隧道上游出口污染空气对下游隧道空气的影响[J].水资源与水工程学报,2014,25(3):48-52.HAN Xin,YANG Jie,ZHANG Xiao.Impact of polluted air at upstream of adjacent tunnel in tunnel group on downstream air of tunnel[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2014,25(3):48-52.
[8]余快,刘宏,王晓雯,等.中梁山隧道洞口窜流二次污染数值分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(2):225-228,299.YU Kuai,LIU Hong,WANG Xiaowen,et al.Secondary pollution numerical analysis of the flow channeling in the entrance of Zhongliangshan Tunnel[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2011,30(2):225-228,299.
[9]ZHAO Wenhua,LIU Haoxue.Drivers'visual feature variation in longtunnel exit of expressway[C/OL]//Proceedings of the First International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety.Wuhan,China.June 30-July 2,2011.VA,USA:ASCE,2011.[2017-12-13].http://www.docin.com/p-1695582865.html.
[10]匡江红,余斌,魏建,等.城市隧道口污染物排放的分析研究[J].热科学与技术,2006,5(3):245-250.KUANG Jianghong,YU Bin,WEI Jian,et al.Analysis and research on pollutants discharge from urban tunnel portals[J].Journal of Thermal Science and Technology,2006,5(3):245-250.
[11]邓顺熙,张广,李喜,等.特长公路隧道洞口污染物扩散的有限元法模拟[J].中国公路学报,2006,19(3):59-64.DENG Shunxi,ZHANG Guang,LI Xi,et al.Simulation of pollutant diffusion near extra long highway tunnel portal with finite element method[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2006,19(3):59-64.
[12]王婉娣.长大公路隧道火灾通风三维数值模拟研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2004.WANG Wandi.Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation Study on Fire Ventilation in Long Highway Tunnels[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2004.
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