云南省河口县菠萝蜜寒害情况调查及适应性分析
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摘要
研究冬季低温寡照等不良气候、海拔、品种、树龄等因素对菠萝蜜寒害的影响,为云南省河口县菠萝蜜种植业提供科学化种植方案。本研究在2017年至2018年冬春季节,采用"五点抽样法"对河口县不同区域、不同海拔的菠萝蜜寒害进行了调查。2018～2019年在红河热科所内的资源圃和示范基地,调查了不同品种、不同树龄的菠萝蜜寒害。结果表明:河口县寒害发生主要与海拔有关,不同区域间差异不显著,海拔高、地势相对开阔的地块受寒害更重;菠萝蜜间作套种高大保护树寒害发生较轻;同一树各部分受寒害严重程度为雄花>雌花>枝梢;不同品种(品系)间耐寒特性为红选5号>马来西亚一号>越南红肉>马来西亚五号;树龄越长越耐寒能力越强。综上所述,提出了控制种植海拔上限、冬季不留花果、种植抗寒品种、采取防寒措施等对策和建议。
The influence of various factors on the cold damage of jackfruit, such as adverse weather in winter( low temperature, low sunshine, etc), altitude, variety and tree ages, was investigated to provide a scientific planting program for the jackfruit planting industry in Hekou, Yunnan Province. In winter of 2017 and spring of 2018, a survey of cold damage to jackfruit in different regions at different elevations in Hekou was made by using a five-point sampling method, and in 2018-2019, another survey was made of the cold damage to jackfruit of different varieties at different ages in the jackfruit germplasm collection and the demonstration sites in Honghe Institute of Tropical agriculture. The surveys showed that cold damage to jackfruit in Hekou was mainly related to altitude, not significantly different between regions and more serious in the places where altitude was high and terrains were relative more open. Planting jackfruit between tall trees reduced severity of cold damage. The severity of cold damage in different parts of the same tree increased in the order of male flower> female flower> twigs. The cold tolerance of different jackfruit varieties(clones) increased in the order of HX-5 > Malaysia No. 1 > Vietnamese Red Flesh >Malaysia No. 5. The longer the tree age, the stronger the cold resistance. According to these surveys some countermeasures and suggestions for planting are proposed, such as controlling the maximum planting altitude, not retaining flowers in winter, planting cold-tolerant varieties/clones, and adopting measures for prevention from cold damage.
The influence of various factors on the cold damage of jackfruit, such as adverse weather in winter( low temperature, low sunshine, etc), altitude, variety and tree ages, was investigated to provide a scientific planting program for the jackfruit planting industry in Hekou, Yunnan Province. In winter of 2017 and spring of 2018, a survey of cold damage to jackfruit in different regions at different elevations in Hekou was made by using a five-point sampling method, and in 2018-2019, another survey was made of the cold damage to jackfruit of different varieties at different ages in the jackfruit germplasm collection and the demonstration sites in Honghe Institute of Tropical agriculture. The surveys showed that cold damage to jackfruit in Hekou was mainly related to altitude, not significantly different between regions and more serious in the places where altitude was high and terrains were relative more open. Planting jackfruit between tall trees reduced severity of cold damage. The severity of cold damage in different parts of the same tree increased in the order of male flower> female flower> twigs. The cold tolerance of different jackfruit varieties(clones) increased in the order of HX-5 > Malaysia No. 1 > Vietnamese Red Flesh >Malaysia No. 5. The longer the tree age, the stronger the cold resistance. According to these surveys some countermeasures and suggestions for planting are proposed, such as controlling the maximum planting altitude, not retaining flowers in winter, planting cold-tolerant varieties/clones, and adopting measures for prevention from cold damage.
引文
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[13]麦景郁,周建坤,毛丰伟.麻涌香蕉寒害情况调查分析与补救措施[J].中国园艺文摘, 2018,34(4):199-201.
[2]李莎莎.植物低温胁迫生理研究进展[J].科技经济导刊, 2017(17):157.
[3]池敏杰,刘育梅.中国热带水果寒害研究进展[J].福建农业科技, 2018(11):18-21.
[4]连辉明,张谦,殷祚云,等.广东降香黄檀人工林生长及寒害调查分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2014, 34(10):26-31.
[5]谢继红,江建波.四会市莲雾不同品种寒害分析[J].林业与环境科学, 2018, 34(04):76-79.
[6]吕庆芳,李映志,余伟,等.持续低温引起菠萝蜜田间寒害症状调查及抗寒性分析[J].果树学报,2012, 29(01):81-85, 157.
[7]谭宗琨,刘世业,唐志鹏,等.香蕉寒冻害等级指标及灾损指标的初步研究[J].自然灾害学报,2013, 22(04):182-192.
[8]陆玉英,苏伟强,阮经宙,等.广西菠萝蜜种质资源调查与评价[J].中国热带农业, 2011(3):31-32.
[9]赵跃宾,陈斌源,王伟,等.菠萝蜜种植气象因子分析[J].福建热作科技, 2018, 43(1):52-54.
[10]葛宇,丁哲利,林兴娥,等.菠萝蜜研究进展[J].中国南方果树, 2015, 44(5):141-146.
[11]莫振茂.马来西亚1号菠萝蜜引种与配套栽培技术[J].湖北植保, 2015(6):65-66, 54.
[12]卢艳春,周婧,韦优,等.寒害对菠萝蜜的影响及防御补救措施[J].中国园艺文摘, 2016,32(12):205-206.
[13]麦景郁,周建坤,毛丰伟.麻涌香蕉寒害情况调查分析与补救措施[J].中国园艺文摘, 2018,34(4):199-201.