生态系统流动性资产核算方法——以四川省各县域水土保持功能为例
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摘要
通过两条规则的制订,制造了生态系统服务市场,评估可交换的生态系统流动性资产(FEP):规定生态系统服务市场价值总量为当地某年GDP的2%;规定当地生态功能当量总值与2000年基准年相比不得降低。并以四川省水土保持功能FEP核算为例,进行了省域尺度及县域尺度上的水土保持FEP核算。计算了FEP在省内的分配,并以2000年为基准,分析了2010年各市县FEP的盈亏。结果表明:2000～2010年10年间,四川省水土保持FEP总量由79.84亿元上升为257.74亿元,总量增加了177.90亿元,平均上涨222.82%,上涨幅度最大的为秦巴山区和大小凉山区域。2010年底,四川省181个县市中有139个县市均实现了功能不下降的强制性要求,基本实现了内部性FEP_(xs)盈余。而内部性FEP_(xs)赤字严重区域主要位于龙门山一带。与社会经济发展水平相协调,FEP核算可较好反映评估单元内生态服务功能实际购买能力。
This paper made two regulations to establish ecosystem services market and to evaluate exchangeable FEP:total market value of ecosystem services is 2% of local GDP for a certain year; and total value of local ecological function equivalent cannot be reduced as compared to the base year of 2000. Simultaneously,this paper accounted the water and soil conservation FEP at the county and province scale and FEP distribution in Sichuan,analyzing FEP surplus of each county/city in 2010.The results revealed that total FEP increased 17.79 billion and growth rate of it was 222.82% in Sichuan province during 2000-2010,of which QinBa Mountain and Liangshan areas rank the first.By 2010,139 of all 181 counties and cities in Sichuan fitted the bill of maintaining function and surplus internal FEP.The deficit areas of internal FEP mainly located in Longmen mountain area.FEP accounting can well reflect actual purchasing power of ecological services in evaluation units coordinating with socioeconomic development.
This paper made two regulations to establish ecosystem services market and to evaluate exchangeable FEP:total market value of ecosystem services is 2% of local GDP for a certain year; and total value of local ecological function equivalent cannot be reduced as compared to the base year of 2000. Simultaneously,this paper accounted the water and soil conservation FEP at the county and province scale and FEP distribution in Sichuan,analyzing FEP surplus of each county/city in 2010.The results revealed that total FEP increased 17.79 billion and growth rate of it was 222.82% in Sichuan province during 2000-2010,of which QinBa Mountain and Liangshan areas rank the first.By 2010,139 of all 181 counties and cities in Sichuan fitted the bill of maintaining function and surplus internal FEP.The deficit areas of internal FEP mainly located in Longmen mountain area.FEP accounting can well reflect actual purchasing power of ecological services in evaluation units coordinating with socioeconomic development.
引文
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[4]谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,等.中国生态系统服务的价值[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1740-1746.
[5]欧阳志云,朱春全,杨广斌,等. 生态系统生产总值核算: 概念、核算方法与案例研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):6747-6761.
[6]高吉喜,范小杉.生态资产概念、特点与研究趋向[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(5):137-143.
[7]王敏,江波,白杨,等.上海市生态资产核算体系研究[J].环境污染与防治 2018,40(4):484-490.
[8]侯淑涛,郑绪玲,邸延顺,等.哈尔滨市生态资产遥感测量评估[J].水土保持研究 2015,22(2):305-309.
[9]周冬梅.基于GIS和RS技术的生态—资产价值评估研究[D].南宁:广西师范学院,2015.
[10]周聪轩.平江县生态资产评估方法构建与应用[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学,2016.
[11]王方.祁连山自然保护区生态资产价值评估研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.
[12]段锦.云南石林世界遗产地及缓冲区生态资产评估及其补偿研究[D].昆明:云南师范大学,2009.
[13]苗正红.吉林省生态资产遥感定量评估[D].长春:东北师范大学,2010.
[14]李昭阳.多源遥感数据支持下的松嫩平原生态环境变化研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.
[15]苗正红,王宗明,宋开山,等.基于遥感技术的吉林省生态资产定量评估与动态监测[J].国土资源遥感,2011(2):119-123.