塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地秋季陆面过程特征
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摘要
利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中2014年10月的秋季涡动通量数据,分析了塔中秋季陆面过程通量变化特征。结果表明:(1)塔中秋季10月净辐射R_n、感热通量H、潜热通量LE、地表土壤热通量G_0峰值依次为273.0、141.6、5.0、105.0 W·m~(-2),平均日总量依次为2.85、2.68、0.08、-0.57 MJ·m~(-2),净辐射能量分配以感热能量输送为主。(2)不同典型天气下,净辐射日总量扬沙>晴天>阴天>降水;阴天、扬沙天气H随R_n不同程度削减而减少,降水天气潜热增多导致日变化特征有别于其他天气。(3)10月能量闭合率为79.0%,不同天气能量闭合率阴天>晴天>扬沙>降水,依次为86.8%、83.4%、79.4%、71.4%。(4)地表反照率晴天呈"U"型变化,阴天和扬沙天气地表反照率趋势变缓发生波动现象,降水天气波动较大,趋势先降低后回升。(5)月平均热通量日间为正值,夜间为负值。日间能量闭合率为73.9%,夜间为50.8%,存在较高的能量不闭合。
Based on the eddy covariance flux data in Tazhong, middle part of the Taklimakan Desert, that collected in the autumn, October,2014, we analyzed the characteristics of land surface process flux variation. The result shows, the peak values of R_n, H, LE and G_0 are 273.0, 141.6, 5.0, 105.0 W·m~(-2) respectively in October in Tazhong. The average daily total amount is 2.85, 2.68, 0.08,-0.57 MJ·m~(-2) and the net radiation energy partitioning is dominated by sensible heat energy transfer. Under the different typical weather, the total amount of net radiation is variable in blowing-sand>sunny>cloudy>precipitation weather. H decreases with declining degrees of R_n during cloudy and blowing-sand weather, and the daily variation characteristics caused by the increase of latent heat in the precipitation weather are different from other weathers. The energy balance closure ratio is 79.0% in October, and it is changeable in cloudy>sunny>blowing-sand>precipitation weather, with 86.8%, 83.4%, 79.4%, 71.4% respectively. The surface albedo has a "U"-type change on sunny days. In cloudy and blowing-sand weather, the surface albedo trend slows down and fluctuates, and in precipitation weather it fluctuates first and then rises. The monthly average heat fluxes shows positive during the day and negative at night. The daytime energy balance closure ratio is 73.9%, and is only 50.8% during the night, so there is a higher energy that does not closed.
Based on the eddy covariance flux data in Tazhong, middle part of the Taklimakan Desert, that collected in the autumn, October,2014, we analyzed the characteristics of land surface process flux variation. The result shows, the peak values of R_n, H, LE and G_0 are 273.0, 141.6, 5.0, 105.0 W·m~(-2) respectively in October in Tazhong. The average daily total amount is 2.85, 2.68, 0.08,-0.57 MJ·m~(-2) and the net radiation energy partitioning is dominated by sensible heat energy transfer. Under the different typical weather, the total amount of net radiation is variable in blowing-sand>sunny>cloudy>precipitation weather. H decreases with declining degrees of R_n during cloudy and blowing-sand weather, and the daily variation characteristics caused by the increase of latent heat in the precipitation weather are different from other weathers. The energy balance closure ratio is 79.0% in October, and it is changeable in cloudy>sunny>blowing-sand>precipitation weather, with 86.8%, 83.4%, 79.4%, 71.4% respectively. The surface albedo has a "U"-type change on sunny days. In cloudy and blowing-sand weather, the surface albedo trend slows down and fluctuates, and in precipitation weather it fluctuates first and then rises. The monthly average heat fluxes shows positive during the day and negative at night. The daytime energy balance closure ratio is 73.9%, and is only 50.8% during the night, so there is a higher energy that does not closed.
引文
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[12] 何清,缪启龙,李帅,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地总辐射变化特征及影响因子分析[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5):896-900.
[13] 何清,缪启龙,李帅,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的长波辐射变化特征[J].高原气象,2009,28(3):642-646.
[14] 李帅,何清,周立平,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地净辐射变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(5):644-648.
[15] 李帅,胡列群,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地地表辐射收支特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):1035-1044.
[16] 杨帆,王顺胜,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地地表辐射与能量平衡[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1408-1418.
[17] 慕文玲,霍文,何清,等.塔中人工绿地与自然沙面感热通量和潜热通量差异性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(1):115-120.
[18] 金莉莉,李振杰,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地中心区域与边缘地带小气候[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):986-996.
[19] 杨阳,杨帆,买买提艾力·买买提依明,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠塔中与巴丹吉林沙漠拐子湖地表辐射特征对比[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(5):1068-1077.
[20] 金莉莉,李振杰,买买提艾力·买买提依明,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘地表反照率特征及参数化研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(5):1051-1061.
[21] 李火青.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地陆面过程参数化与模拟[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2017.
[22] 孟露,赵天良,杨兴华,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地大气边界层参数化方案的模拟评估[J].气象科学,2018,38(2):157-166.
[23] 彭艳梅,王舒,肖高翔,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区大气气溶胶散射系数影响因子[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(2):384-392.
[24] 廖小荷,何清,金莉莉,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地冬季积雪下垫面地表反照率及土壤温湿度变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(2):393-400.
[25] Swinbank W C.The measurement of vertical transfer of heat and water vapor by eddies in the lower atmosphere[J].Journal of Meteorology,1951,8:135-145.
[26] 曹寰琦,何清,金莉莉,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘夏秋冬季地表能量平衡闭合特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(4):830-839.
[27] 袁庄鹏.碳通量变化特征及影响因子研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2013.
[28] 金莉莉,李振杰,何清,等.乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区近地层风速廓线[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(4):755-769.
[29] 张果,周广胜,阳伏林.内蒙古温带荒漠草原生态系统水热通量动态[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):597-603.
[30] 辛蕙羽,王凯,杨新明,等.半干旱夏季放牧草地能量收支和地表蒸散量变化特征[J].成都信息工程学院学报,2014,29(5):539-546.
[31] 王延慧,买买提艾力·买买提依明,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘地表能量收支特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(3):34-41.
[32] 陈丽晶,张镭,梁捷宁,等.半干旱区不同下垫面大气湍流通量比较分析[J].高原气象,2017,36(5):1325-1335.
[33] 何学敏,秦璐,吕光辉,等.新疆艾比湖流域干旱荒漠区湿地地表能量收支特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(2):309-317.
[34] 王澄海,黄宝霞,杨兴国.陇中黄土高原植被覆盖和裸露下垫面地表通量和总体输送系数研究[J].高原气象,2007,26(1):30-38.
[2] Holtslag A A M,Ek M.Simulation of surface fluxes and boundary layer development over the pine forest in HAPEX-MOBILHY[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,1996,35(2):202-213.
[3] Halldin S,Gottschalk L,Griend A A V D,et al.NOPEX-a northern hemisphere climate processes land surface experiment[J].Journal of Hydrology,1998,212(1/4):172-187.
[4] Sellers P J,Hall F Q,Asrar G,et al.The first ISLSCP field experiment(FIFE)[J].Bulletin of American Meteorological Society,1988,69(1):22-27.
[5] 吕达仁,陈佐忠,陈家宜,等.内蒙古半干旱草原土壤-植被-大气相互作用综合研究[J].气象学报,2005,63(5):571-593.
[6] Bolle H J,Andre J C,Arrue J L,et al.EFEDA:European field experiment in a desertification-threatened area[J].Annales Geophysicae,1993,11(2/3):173-189.
[7] 胡隐樵,左洪超.黑河试验(HEIFE)研究获重大成果[J].中国科学院院刊,1996,11(6):447-451.
[8] 张强,黄荣辉,王胜,等.西北干旱区陆气相互作用试验(NWC-ALIEX)及其研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005,27(5):673-679.
[9] 奥银焕,吕世华,韩博,等.巴丹吉林沙漠夏季近地层微气象特征分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(6):1682-1691.
[10] 马宁,王乃昂,黄银洲,等.巴丹吉林沙漠腹地夏季不同天气条件下陆-湖面辐射收支与能量分配特征对比[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(5):796-809.
[11] 李建刚,奥银焕,李照国.夏季不同天气条件下沙漠辐射和能量平衡的对比分析[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(11):1443-1451.
[12] 何清,缪启龙,李帅,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地总辐射变化特征及影响因子分析[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5):896-900.
[13] 何清,缪启龙,李帅,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的长波辐射变化特征[J].高原气象,2009,28(3):642-646.
[14] 李帅,何清,周立平,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地净辐射变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(5):644-648.
[15] 李帅,胡列群,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地地表辐射收支特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):1035-1044.
[16] 杨帆,王顺胜,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地地表辐射与能量平衡[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1408-1418.
[17] 慕文玲,霍文,何清,等.塔中人工绿地与自然沙面感热通量和潜热通量差异性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(1):115-120.
[18] 金莉莉,李振杰,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地中心区域与边缘地带小气候[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):986-996.
[19] 杨阳,杨帆,买买提艾力·买买提依明,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠塔中与巴丹吉林沙漠拐子湖地表辐射特征对比[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(5):1068-1077.
[20] 金莉莉,李振杰,买买提艾力·买买提依明,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘地表反照率特征及参数化研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(5):1051-1061.
[21] 李火青.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地陆面过程参数化与模拟[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2017.
[22] 孟露,赵天良,杨兴华,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地大气边界层参数化方案的模拟评估[J].气象科学,2018,38(2):157-166.
[23] 彭艳梅,王舒,肖高翔,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区大气气溶胶散射系数影响因子[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(2):384-392.
[24] 廖小荷,何清,金莉莉,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地冬季积雪下垫面地表反照率及土壤温湿度变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(2):393-400.
[25] Swinbank W C.The measurement of vertical transfer of heat and water vapor by eddies in the lower atmosphere[J].Journal of Meteorology,1951,8:135-145.
[26] 曹寰琦,何清,金莉莉,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘夏秋冬季地表能量平衡闭合特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(4):830-839.
[27] 袁庄鹏.碳通量变化特征及影响因子研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2013.
[28] 金莉莉,李振杰,何清,等.乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区近地层风速廓线[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(4):755-769.
[29] 张果,周广胜,阳伏林.内蒙古温带荒漠草原生态系统水热通量动态[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):597-603.
[30] 辛蕙羽,王凯,杨新明,等.半干旱夏季放牧草地能量收支和地表蒸散量变化特征[J].成都信息工程学院学报,2014,29(5):539-546.
[31] 王延慧,买买提艾力·买买提依明,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘地表能量收支特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(3):34-41.
[32] 陈丽晶,张镭,梁捷宁,等.半干旱区不同下垫面大气湍流通量比较分析[J].高原气象,2017,36(5):1325-1335.
[33] 何学敏,秦璐,吕光辉,等.新疆艾比湖流域干旱荒漠区湿地地表能量收支特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(2):309-317.
[34] 王澄海,黄宝霞,杨兴国.陇中黄土高原植被覆盖和裸露下垫面地表通量和总体输送系数研究[J].高原气象,2007,26(1):30-38.
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