宝鸡城郊灰霾与非灰霾天大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的粒径分布特征及区域传输
|
摘要
本文采用安德森大气颗粒物分级采样器分别采集了宝鸡城郊灰霾天和非灰霾天的大气颗粒物,利用离子色谱仪进行水溶性无机离子组分的分析,探讨了宝鸡城郊大气颗粒物中离子组分的粒径分布特征;结合风向及气团后向轨迹,分析了大气污染物的区域传输对宝鸡大气颗粒物的影响.结果显示,灰霾天城区昼夜的颗粒物污染程度重于郊区,非灰霾天相反.宝鸡城郊灰霾天细粒子(PM_(2.1))污染严重,城区高于郊区;总水溶性离子(TWSIs)对灰霾天颗粒物质量浓度的贡献率高于非灰霾天;城郊灰霾天昼夜二次离子(SNA)浓度均高于非灰霾天;灰霾天城区夜间是二次离子的重污染时段,二次离子中NO~-_3的浓度最高.城郊灰霾天昼夜Ca~(2+)的浓度均低于非灰霾天.二次离子均呈双峰分布,主峰值均在细粒子中(0.43—1.1μm粒径段),属于液滴模态.K~+呈双峰分布,峰值分别在0.65—1.1μm和2.1—10.0μm粒径段,K~+的粗细粒径分布在城郊昼夜存在着一定关联的转化.灰霾天和非灰霾天Ca~(2+)的粒径分布均呈单峰分布,峰值在4.7—5.8μm粒径段.灰霾天宝鸡东部地区污染物自东向西的区域传输是宝鸡重污染发生的重要条件.
To investigate chemical characteristics and source profiles of different size aerosol particles, eight-size particulate matter(PM) were collected in Baoji urban and suburban areas by Anderson atmospheric particle sampler and their water-soluble inorganic ions were analyzed using Ion chromatography. Additionally, the influence of air regional transport on atmospheric particulate matter in Baoji was analyzed by combining the wind direction and the air mass back trajectory method. The concentrations of daily PM were higher in the urban area than those in the suburbs and vice versa during haze periods. The pollution of fine particle matter(PM_(2.1)) was serious in urban and suburban areas in Baoji, with the higher concentrations in the urban area. Higher fraction of total water-soluble inorganic ions was observed in haze PM than that in non-haze PM. The concentrations of secondary ions(SNA) in haze days in both urban and suburban areas were higher than those in non-haze days. During haze days, the concentration of SNA, especially NO~-_3, were the highest at night than those in daytime. The concentrations of Ca~(2+) in haze days were lower than those in non-haze days. The SNA displayed a bimodal distribution and showed typical peaks in the droplet modes(0.43—1.1 μm). The peaks of K~+ concentration both occurred at smaller size distribution(0.65—1.1 μm) and larger size distribution(2.1—10.0 μm), respectively, illustrating that K~+ in coarse and fine particles may have a certain correlation with the conversion between day and night in urban and suburban areas. In contrast, the particle size distribution of Ca~(2+) exhibited a unimodal distribution with a high peak at the size of 4.7—5.8 μm. The transport of air pollutants from eastern to western part was an important reason for heavy pollution in Baoji.
To investigate chemical characteristics and source profiles of different size aerosol particles, eight-size particulate matter(PM) were collected in Baoji urban and suburban areas by Anderson atmospheric particle sampler and their water-soluble inorganic ions were analyzed using Ion chromatography. Additionally, the influence of air regional transport on atmospheric particulate matter in Baoji was analyzed by combining the wind direction and the air mass back trajectory method. The concentrations of daily PM were higher in the urban area than those in the suburbs and vice versa during haze periods. The pollution of fine particle matter(PM_(2.1)) was serious in urban and suburban areas in Baoji, with the higher concentrations in the urban area. Higher fraction of total water-soluble inorganic ions was observed in haze PM than that in non-haze PM. The concentrations of secondary ions(SNA) in haze days in both urban and suburban areas were higher than those in non-haze days. During haze days, the concentration of SNA, especially NO~-_3, were the highest at night than those in daytime. The concentrations of Ca~(2+) in haze days were lower than those in non-haze days. The SNA displayed a bimodal distribution and showed typical peaks in the droplet modes(0.43—1.1 μm). The peaks of K~+ concentration both occurred at smaller size distribution(0.65—1.1 μm) and larger size distribution(2.1—10.0 μm), respectively, illustrating that K~+ in coarse and fine particles may have a certain correlation with the conversion between day and night in urban and suburban areas. In contrast, the particle size distribution of Ca~(2+) exhibited a unimodal distribution with a high peak at the size of 4.7—5.8 μm. The transport of air pollutants from eastern to western part was an important reason for heavy pollution in Baoji.
引文
[1] ZHUANG G R,HUANG M. Great progress in study on aerosol and its impact on the global environment [J].Progress in Natural Science,2002,12(6):407-413.
[2] YAO X,FANG M,CHAN C K. Size distributions and formation of dicarboxylic acids in atmospheric particles [J]. Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(13):2099-2107.
[3] HE K,YANG F,MA Y, et al. The characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing,China [J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(29): 4959-4970.
[4] WANG Y,ZHUANG,TANG G S,YUAN A H,et al. The ion chemistry and the source of PM2.5 aerosol in Beijing [J]. Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(21):3771-3784.
[5] WATSON J G,Chow J C.A wintertime PM2.5,episode at the Fresno,CA,supersite [J]. Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(3): 465-475.
[6] CHE H, ZHANG X, LI Y, et al. Haze trends over the capital cities of 31 provinces in China, 1981—2005 [J].Theoretical & Applied Climatology, 2009,97(3-4):235-242.
[7] 曹军骥. PM2.5与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.CAO J J. PM2.5 and environment [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2014 (in Chinese).
[8] SHEN Z X,ZHANG L M,CAO J J, et al. Chemical composition,sources,and deposition fluxes of water—soluble inorganic ions obtained from precipitation chemistry measurements collected at an urban site in northwest China [J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2012,14(11):3000-3002.
[9] CAO J J,TIE X,DABBERDT W F,et al. On the potential high acid deposition in northeastern China [J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013,118(10):4834-4846.
[10] 贺克斌,杨复沫,段凤魁,等.大气颗粒物与区域复合污染[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011.HE K B, YANG F M, DUAN F K, et al. Atmospheric particulate matter and regional compound pollution [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2011 (in Chinese).
[11] RASCH P J,COLLINS W D,EATON B E. Understanding the indian ocean experiment (INDOEX) aerosol distributions with an aerosol assimilation [J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2001,106(D7):7337-7355.
[12] SPRACKLEN D V, CARSLAW K S, POSCHL U, et al. Global cloud condensation nuclei influenced by carbonaceous, combustion aerosol [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions,2011,11(3): 9067-9087.
[13] RAMANATHAN V,CRUTZEN P J,LELIEVELD J, et al. Indian ocean experiment: An integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indo-Asian haze [J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2001,106(D22): 28371-28398.
[14] XU B Q,CAO J J,JOSWIAK D R, et al. Post-depositional enrichment of black soot in snow-pack and accelerated melting of Tibetan glaciers [J]. Environmental Research Letters,2012,7(1): 17-35.
[15] YANG G,WANG Y,ZENG Y, et al. Rapid health transition in China,1990—2010: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010 [J]. Lancet,2013,381(9882):1987-2015.
[16] LIM S S,VOS T,FLAXMAN S D.A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990—2010:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 [J].Lancet,2012;380:2224-2260.
[17] BROOK R D,RAJAGOPALAN S,POPE C A, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease [J].Circulation, 2010,121(21):2331-2378.
[18] LADEN F,NEAS L M,DOCKERY D W, et al. Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S.cities [J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2000,108(10):941-947.
[19] GUO Y,JIA Y,PAN X, et al. The association between fine particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for cardiovascular diseases in Beijing,China [J]. Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(17):4826-4830.
[20] 赵阿玲,刘引鸽,王艳,等.宝鸡地区霾日的时空变化特征及原因分析[J].环境科学导刊,2017,36(3):69-75.ZHAO A L,LIU Y G,WANG Y, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of hazy day and its influencing factors in Baoji region [J].Environmental Science Survey,2017,36(3):69-75 (in Chinese).
[21] 薛平,黄战胜,刘丽霞.宝鸡可吸入颗粒物24 h浓度变化特征分析[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),2009,29(3):54-57.XUE P,HUANG Z S,LIU L X. Analysis of concentration variation characteristics of inhalable particulate matter for 24 hours in Baoji City [J]. Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences (Natural Science),2009,29(3):54-57 (in Chinese).
[22] 武洋洋,周变红,赵阿玲,等.宝鸡区大气污染物浓度特征及与气象要素的关系[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(6):100-104.WU Y Y,ZHOU B H,ZHAO A L, et al. Characteristics of atmospheric pollutants concentration in the urban area of Baoji and the relationship with meteorological factors [J]. Agricultural Journal of Jiangxi,2017,29(6):100—104 (in Chinese).
[23] HUANG T,CHEN J,ZHAO W, et al. Seasonal variations and correlation analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 in Wuhan,2013 [J].Atmosphere,2016,7(4):49-51.
[2] YAO X,FANG M,CHAN C K. Size distributions and formation of dicarboxylic acids in atmospheric particles [J]. Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(13):2099-2107.
[3] HE K,YANG F,MA Y, et al. The characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing,China [J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(29): 4959-4970.
[4] WANG Y,ZHUANG,TANG G S,YUAN A H,et al. The ion chemistry and the source of PM2.5 aerosol in Beijing [J]. Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(21):3771-3784.
[5] WATSON J G,Chow J C.A wintertime PM2.5,episode at the Fresno,CA,supersite [J]. Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(3): 465-475.
[6] CHE H, ZHANG X, LI Y, et al. Haze trends over the capital cities of 31 provinces in China, 1981—2005 [J].Theoretical & Applied Climatology, 2009,97(3-4):235-242.
[7] 曹军骥. PM2.5与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.CAO J J. PM2.5 and environment [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2014 (in Chinese).
[8] SHEN Z X,ZHANG L M,CAO J J, et al. Chemical composition,sources,and deposition fluxes of water—soluble inorganic ions obtained from precipitation chemistry measurements collected at an urban site in northwest China [J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2012,14(11):3000-3002.
[9] CAO J J,TIE X,DABBERDT W F,et al. On the potential high acid deposition in northeastern China [J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013,118(10):4834-4846.
[10] 贺克斌,杨复沫,段凤魁,等.大气颗粒物与区域复合污染[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011.HE K B, YANG F M, DUAN F K, et al. Atmospheric particulate matter and regional compound pollution [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2011 (in Chinese).
[11] RASCH P J,COLLINS W D,EATON B E. Understanding the indian ocean experiment (INDOEX) aerosol distributions with an aerosol assimilation [J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2001,106(D7):7337-7355.
[12] SPRACKLEN D V, CARSLAW K S, POSCHL U, et al. Global cloud condensation nuclei influenced by carbonaceous, combustion aerosol [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions,2011,11(3): 9067-9087.
[13] RAMANATHAN V,CRUTZEN P J,LELIEVELD J, et al. Indian ocean experiment: An integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indo-Asian haze [J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2001,106(D22): 28371-28398.
[14] XU B Q,CAO J J,JOSWIAK D R, et al. Post-depositional enrichment of black soot in snow-pack and accelerated melting of Tibetan glaciers [J]. Environmental Research Letters,2012,7(1): 17-35.
[15] YANG G,WANG Y,ZENG Y, et al. Rapid health transition in China,1990—2010: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010 [J]. Lancet,2013,381(9882):1987-2015.
[16] LIM S S,VOS T,FLAXMAN S D.A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990—2010:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 [J].Lancet,2012;380:2224-2260.
[17] BROOK R D,RAJAGOPALAN S,POPE C A, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease [J].Circulation, 2010,121(21):2331-2378.
[18] LADEN F,NEAS L M,DOCKERY D W, et al. Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S.cities [J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2000,108(10):941-947.
[19] GUO Y,JIA Y,PAN X, et al. The association between fine particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for cardiovascular diseases in Beijing,China [J]. Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(17):4826-4830.
[20] 赵阿玲,刘引鸽,王艳,等.宝鸡地区霾日的时空变化特征及原因分析[J].环境科学导刊,2017,36(3):69-75.ZHAO A L,LIU Y G,WANG Y, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of hazy day and its influencing factors in Baoji region [J].Environmental Science Survey,2017,36(3):69-75 (in Chinese).
[21] 薛平,黄战胜,刘丽霞.宝鸡可吸入颗粒物24 h浓度变化特征分析[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),2009,29(3):54-57.XUE P,HUANG Z S,LIU L X. Analysis of concentration variation characteristics of inhalable particulate matter for 24 hours in Baoji City [J]. Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences (Natural Science),2009,29(3):54-57 (in Chinese).
[22] 武洋洋,周变红,赵阿玲,等.宝鸡区大气污染物浓度特征及与气象要素的关系[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(6):100-104.WU Y Y,ZHOU B H,ZHAO A L, et al. Characteristics of atmospheric pollutants concentration in the urban area of Baoji and the relationship with meteorological factors [J]. Agricultural Journal of Jiangxi,2017,29(6):100—104 (in Chinese).
[23] HUANG T,CHEN J,ZHAO W, et al. Seasonal variations and correlation analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 in Wuhan,2013 [J].Atmosphere,2016,7(4):49-51.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |