涌潮水流CFD数值模拟
|
摘要
涌潮是一种对涉水建筑物冲击巨大的非线性强间断流,实现涌潮的小尺度精细模拟是分析涉水建筑物在涌潮作用下结构稳定性的前提。采用大涡模拟(LES)技术求解N-S方程,利用流体体积法(VOF)实现对自由水面的追踪,边界上给定基于涌潮理论公式推导出的涨潮流速与水深条件,进行了涌潮的小尺度精细模拟。结果表明,数值模拟得到的涌潮传播速度与理论值比较接近,Fr<1.3时为波状涌潮,Fr>1.5时为旋滚涌潮,涌潮形态分区与前人的试验成果吻合。在涌潮传播过程中,潮头处流速最大,且表层流速波动幅度始终大于中低层流速波动幅度,旋滚涌潮潮头水体紊动比波状涌潮强烈。模拟结果同时表明涌潮潮前水深与涌潮高度是影响潮头流速波动和形态的主要因素。上述涌潮模拟方法可为涌潮河段涉水建筑物的结构设计及安全评估提供参考。
The tidal bore is a kind of nonlinear strong discontinuous flow that has great impact on wading structures. The small-scale fine simulation of the tidal bore is the premise for analyzing the structural stability of the wading structures under tidal action. The large eddy simulation technique(LES) is used to solve Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations, and the volume of fluid(VOF) is selected to track the free water surface, and the boundary condition is determined by the tidal theory based on the tidal velocity and water depth conditions. The research results show that the tidal bore propagation velocity obtained by numerical simulation is close to the theoretical values. When Fr<1.3, the tidal bore is undular and is characterized by a marked roller when Fr>1.5. The zoning of tidal bore morphology is consistent with the previous experimental results. During the tidal bore propagation process, the flow velocity at the tidal head is the largest, and the fluctuation of the surface velocities is always greater than the fluctuation of the velocity in the middle and lower layers. The lateral motion of the breaking bore head is stronger than the undular tidal bore. The simulation results also indicate that the water depth before the tidal bore and the height of the tidal bore are the main factors affecting the fluctuation and shape of the tidal head velocity. The simulation method of the tidal bore provides technical support for structural design and safety assessment of the wading structures in the tidal bore reach.
The tidal bore is a kind of nonlinear strong discontinuous flow that has great impact on wading structures. The small-scale fine simulation of the tidal bore is the premise for analyzing the structural stability of the wading structures under tidal action. The large eddy simulation technique(LES) is used to solve Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations, and the volume of fluid(VOF) is selected to track the free water surface, and the boundary condition is determined by the tidal theory based on the tidal velocity and water depth conditions. The research results show that the tidal bore propagation velocity obtained by numerical simulation is close to the theoretical values. When Fr<1.3, the tidal bore is undular and is characterized by a marked roller when Fr>1.5. The zoning of tidal bore morphology is consistent with the previous experimental results. During the tidal bore propagation process, the flow velocity at the tidal head is the largest, and the fluctuation of the surface velocities is always greater than the fluctuation of the velocity in the middle and lower layers. The lateral motion of the breaking bore head is stronger than the undular tidal bore. The simulation results also indicate that the water depth before the tidal bore and the height of the tidal bore are the main factors affecting the fluctuation and shape of the tidal head velocity. The simulation method of the tidal bore provides technical support for structural design and safety assessment of the wading structures in the tidal bore reach.
引文
[1] 刘文虎,朱小华,张钟哲,等.钱塘江涌潮观测及其动力学特性研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(5):567-572.(LIU Wenhu,ZHU Xiaohua,ZHANG Zhongzhe,et al.Observation and dynamic characteristics of tidal bore in Qiantang River,China[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2015,30(5):567-572.(in Chinese))
[2] 谢东风,潘存鸿,陆波,等.基于实测资料的钱塘江涌潮水动力学特性研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2012,27(5):501-508.(XIE Dongfeng,PAN Cunhong,LU Bo,et al.A study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Qiantang tidal bore based on field data[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2012,27(5):501-508.(in Chinese))
[3] 张巍,贺治国,谈利明,等.基于定点连续观测的钱塘江涌潮特性研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2017,32(2):253- 259.(ZHANG Wei,HE Zhiguo,TAN Liming,et al.Dynamic characteristics of Qiantang tidal bore based on field observations at a fixed location[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2017,32(2):253- 259.(in Chinese))
[4] 杨火其,潘存鸿,周建炯,等.涌潮水力学特性试验研究[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(4):136- 138.(YANG Huoqi,PAN Cunhong,ZHOU Jianjiong,et al.Experiment study on hydraulic properties of tidal bore[J].Water Resources and Power,2008,26(4):136- 138.(in Chinese))
[5] 岳书波,曾剑,陈永平,等.涌潮潮头掺气的模型试验研究[J].工程科学与技术,2018,50(1):28-35.(YUE Shubo,ZENG Jian,CHEN Yongping,et al.Investigation of aeration of tidal bore front by physical experiments[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2018,50(1):28-35.(in Chinese))
[6] 谢东风,潘存鸿,鲁海燕,等.钱塘江河口涌潮传播速度研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2012,46(6):1128- 1134.(XIE Dongfeng,PAN Cunhong,LU Haiyan,et al.Study on propagation speed of tidal bore on Qiantang River[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Natural Science Edition),2012,46(6):1128- 1134.(in Chinese))
[7] 李大鸣,张弘强,卜世龙,等.潮流发电试验场水动力特性数学模型研究[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(12):105- 120.(LI Daming,ZHANG Hongqiang,BU Shilong,et al.Mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic characteristics of tidal power generation test field[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(12):105- 120.(in Chinese))
[8] LUBIN P,GLOCKNER S,CHANSON H.Numerical simulation of a weak breaking tidal bore[J].Mechanics Research Communications,2010,37(1):119- 121.
[9] LI Jing,LIU Huaxing,TAN S K.Lagrangian modeling of tidal bores passing through bridge piers[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics (Ser B),2010,22(5):513-519.
[10] 林伟栋,赵西增,叶洲腾,等.涌潮运动的CFD模拟研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2017,32(6):696-703.(LIN Weidong,ZHAO Xizeng,YE Zhouteng,et al.Numerical simulation of tidal bore using CFD model[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2017,32(6):696-703.(in Chinese))
[11] 戚蓝,陈辉,费文才,等.基于精确河道地形的溢流坝泄流三维数值模拟[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(10):12- 20.(QI Lan,CHEN Hui,FEI Wencai,et al.Three-dimensional numerical simulations of flows over spillway dam using accurate river terrain[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(10):12- 20.(in Chinese))
[12] 薛万云,郭宁,吴时强,等.桥墩水流特性大涡模拟研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2016(4):18- 26.(XUE Wanyun,GUO Ning,WU Shiqiang,et al.Impacts of multiple bridge piers upon open channel flow based on LES[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2016(4):18- 26.(in Chinese))
[13] ZHANG Zhiyong,SHI Bin,GUO Yakun,et al.Numerical investigation on critical length of impermeable plate below underwater pipeline under steady current[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2013,56(5):1232- 1240.
[14] 陈琼,李云,刘本芹,等.高水头船闸一字闸门水动力特性数值模拟[J].水利水运工程学报,2017(1):87- 94.(CHEN Qiong,LI Yun,LIU Benqin,et al.Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic characteristics of single-leaf gate of high-head navigation lock[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2017(1):87- 94.(in Chinese))
[15] 倪兴也,黄世昌,冯卫兵,等.基于SPH方法的涌潮数值模拟研究[C]//第十八届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会,2017:289- 299.(NI Xinye,HUANG Shichang,FENG Weibin,et al.Numerical simulation of tidal current based on SPH method[C]//The 18th China Ocean (Coastal) Engineering Symposium,2017:289- 299.(in Chinese))
[16] 潘存鸿,鲁海燕,曾剑.钱塘江涌潮特性及其数值模拟[J].水利水运工程学报,2008(2):1- 9.(PAN Cunhong,LU Haiyan,ZENG Jian.Characteristic and numerical simulation of tidal bore in Qiantang River[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2008(2):1- 9.(in Chinese))
[17] 岳书波.强涌潮潮头紊流特性的模型试验研究[R].杭州:浙江省水利河口研究院,2017.(YUE Shubo.Experimental study on turbulent characteristics of tidal bore front[R].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary,2017.(in Chinese))
[18] KOCH C,CHANSON H.An experimental study of tidal bores and positive surges:Hydrodynamics and turbulence of the bore front[R].Brisbane:University of Queenland,2005.
[2] 谢东风,潘存鸿,陆波,等.基于实测资料的钱塘江涌潮水动力学特性研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2012,27(5):501-508.(XIE Dongfeng,PAN Cunhong,LU Bo,et al.A study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Qiantang tidal bore based on field data[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2012,27(5):501-508.(in Chinese))
[3] 张巍,贺治国,谈利明,等.基于定点连续观测的钱塘江涌潮特性研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2017,32(2):253- 259.(ZHANG Wei,HE Zhiguo,TAN Liming,et al.Dynamic characteristics of Qiantang tidal bore based on field observations at a fixed location[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2017,32(2):253- 259.(in Chinese))
[4] 杨火其,潘存鸿,周建炯,等.涌潮水力学特性试验研究[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(4):136- 138.(YANG Huoqi,PAN Cunhong,ZHOU Jianjiong,et al.Experiment study on hydraulic properties of tidal bore[J].Water Resources and Power,2008,26(4):136- 138.(in Chinese))
[5] 岳书波,曾剑,陈永平,等.涌潮潮头掺气的模型试验研究[J].工程科学与技术,2018,50(1):28-35.(YUE Shubo,ZENG Jian,CHEN Yongping,et al.Investigation of aeration of tidal bore front by physical experiments[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2018,50(1):28-35.(in Chinese))
[6] 谢东风,潘存鸿,鲁海燕,等.钱塘江河口涌潮传播速度研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2012,46(6):1128- 1134.(XIE Dongfeng,PAN Cunhong,LU Haiyan,et al.Study on propagation speed of tidal bore on Qiantang River[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Natural Science Edition),2012,46(6):1128- 1134.(in Chinese))
[7] 李大鸣,张弘强,卜世龙,等.潮流发电试验场水动力特性数学模型研究[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(12):105- 120.(LI Daming,ZHANG Hongqiang,BU Shilong,et al.Mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic characteristics of tidal power generation test field[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(12):105- 120.(in Chinese))
[8] LUBIN P,GLOCKNER S,CHANSON H.Numerical simulation of a weak breaking tidal bore[J].Mechanics Research Communications,2010,37(1):119- 121.
[9] LI Jing,LIU Huaxing,TAN S K.Lagrangian modeling of tidal bores passing through bridge piers[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics (Ser B),2010,22(5):513-519.
[10] 林伟栋,赵西增,叶洲腾,等.涌潮运动的CFD模拟研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2017,32(6):696-703.(LIN Weidong,ZHAO Xizeng,YE Zhouteng,et al.Numerical simulation of tidal bore using CFD model[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2017,32(6):696-703.(in Chinese))
[11] 戚蓝,陈辉,费文才,等.基于精确河道地形的溢流坝泄流三维数值模拟[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(10):12- 20.(QI Lan,CHEN Hui,FEI Wencai,et al.Three-dimensional numerical simulations of flows over spillway dam using accurate river terrain[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(10):12- 20.(in Chinese))
[12] 薛万云,郭宁,吴时强,等.桥墩水流特性大涡模拟研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2016(4):18- 26.(XUE Wanyun,GUO Ning,WU Shiqiang,et al.Impacts of multiple bridge piers upon open channel flow based on LES[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2016(4):18- 26.(in Chinese))
[13] ZHANG Zhiyong,SHI Bin,GUO Yakun,et al.Numerical investigation on critical length of impermeable plate below underwater pipeline under steady current[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2013,56(5):1232- 1240.
[14] 陈琼,李云,刘本芹,等.高水头船闸一字闸门水动力特性数值模拟[J].水利水运工程学报,2017(1):87- 94.(CHEN Qiong,LI Yun,LIU Benqin,et al.Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic characteristics of single-leaf gate of high-head navigation lock[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2017(1):87- 94.(in Chinese))
[15] 倪兴也,黄世昌,冯卫兵,等.基于SPH方法的涌潮数值模拟研究[C]//第十八届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会,2017:289- 299.(NI Xinye,HUANG Shichang,FENG Weibin,et al.Numerical simulation of tidal current based on SPH method[C]//The 18th China Ocean (Coastal) Engineering Symposium,2017:289- 299.(in Chinese))
[16] 潘存鸿,鲁海燕,曾剑.钱塘江涌潮特性及其数值模拟[J].水利水运工程学报,2008(2):1- 9.(PAN Cunhong,LU Haiyan,ZENG Jian.Characteristic and numerical simulation of tidal bore in Qiantang River[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2008(2):1- 9.(in Chinese))
[17] 岳书波.强涌潮潮头紊流特性的模型试验研究[R].杭州:浙江省水利河口研究院,2017.(YUE Shubo.Experimental study on turbulent characteristics of tidal bore front[R].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary,2017.(in Chinese))
[18] KOCH C,CHANSON H.An experimental study of tidal bores and positive surges:Hydrodynamics and turbulence of the bore front[R].Brisbane:University of Queenland,2005.