土地整治项目区耕地资源优化配置研究
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摘要
耕地细碎化会导致农业生产效率降低、土地利用可持续性下降、耕地撂荒增多等多种农业问题,土地整治是当前中国改善耕地细碎化的重要途径之一。为探索适宜的土地整治计量模型以解决耕地资源优化配置问题,基于多目标线性规划,从工程设计、权属调整、地块分配三方面构建土地整治项目区耕地资源优化配置模型,并选取典型土地整治项目进行案例分析。研究结果表明:通过模型优化,案例区农业生产消耗降低了20.41%、地块平均规模增大了53.72%、户均地块数降低了34.92%,平均耕作距离减小了68.17%,可促进耕地细碎化问题的改善,有利于农业生产效率的提升。研究对丰富土地整治规划设计方法,推动耕地细碎化问题解决具有参考和借鉴意义。
Fragmentation of cultivated land will lead to the reduction of agricultural production efficiency, the decline of land use sustainability and the shortage of cultivated land. Land consolidation is one of the important ways to improve the fragmentation of cultivated land in China. In order to explore suitable land consolidation model to solve the problem of optimal allocation of cultivated land resources, this study constructs a model of optimal allocation of cultivated land resources based on multi-objective linear programming model from three aspects: engineering design, ownership adjustment and plots allocation, and selects a typical land consolidation project for case analysis. Then it compares the model optimization and actual land consolidation results with the pre-consolidation from the aspects of agricultural production consumption, improvement of arable land morphology and location, and ownership status. The results show that:(1) Through the optimization of the model, the agricultural cost in the project area,the average number of plots per farmer, and the average cultivation distance decreased by20.41%, 34.92%, and 68.17%, respectively, while the average size of the plot increased by53.72%. The fragmentation of cultivated land is reduced and the agricultural production efficiency is improved. However, compared with the typical foreign land consolidation project,there is still much room for improvement in the allocation of cultivated land.(2) The current land consolidation methods have played a positive role in increasing the average size of plots and improving the shape of plots. However, there are still deficiencies in reducing the farming distance of farmers, increasing the adjacency of cultivated roads, and promoting the concentration of cultivated land property rights.(3) Combining land consolidation with land ownership adjustment plays an important role in reducing the agricultural production consumption caused by land fragmentation and inconvenient farming and improving agricultural production efficiency. The research is of significance for enriching planning and designing methods of land consolidation and promoting the solution to the issue of fragmentation of cultivated land.
Fragmentation of cultivated land will lead to the reduction of agricultural production efficiency, the decline of land use sustainability and the shortage of cultivated land. Land consolidation is one of the important ways to improve the fragmentation of cultivated land in China. In order to explore suitable land consolidation model to solve the problem of optimal allocation of cultivated land resources, this study constructs a model of optimal allocation of cultivated land resources based on multi-objective linear programming model from three aspects: engineering design, ownership adjustment and plots allocation, and selects a typical land consolidation project for case analysis. Then it compares the model optimization and actual land consolidation results with the pre-consolidation from the aspects of agricultural production consumption, improvement of arable land morphology and location, and ownership status. The results show that:(1) Through the optimization of the model, the agricultural cost in the project area,the average number of plots per farmer, and the average cultivation distance decreased by20.41%, 34.92%, and 68.17%, respectively, while the average size of the plot increased by53.72%. The fragmentation of cultivated land is reduced and the agricultural production efficiency is improved. However, compared with the typical foreign land consolidation project,there is still much room for improvement in the allocation of cultivated land.(2) The current land consolidation methods have played a positive role in increasing the average size of plots and improving the shape of plots. However, there are still deficiencies in reducing the farming distance of farmers, increasing the adjacency of cultivated roads, and promoting the concentration of cultivated land property rights.(3) Combining land consolidation with land ownership adjustment plays an important role in reducing the agricultural production consumption caused by land fragmentation and inconvenient farming and improving agricultural production efficiency. The research is of significance for enriching planning and designing methods of land consolidation and promoting the solution to the issue of fragmentation of cultivated land.
引文
[1]孙雁,刘友兆.基于细碎化的土地资源可持续利用评价:以江西分宜县为例.自然资源学报,2010,25(5):802-810.[SUN Y,LIU Y Z.Evaluation of land use sustainability based on land fragmentation:A case on Fenyi county,Jiangxi province.Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(5):802-810.]
[2]LAURE L,LAURENT P.Does land fragmentation affect farm performance?A case study from Brittany,France.Agricultural Systems,2014,129:68-80.
[3]吕晓,黄贤金,钟太洋,等.中国农地细碎化问题研究进展.自然资源学报,2011,4(3):530-540.[LYU X,HUANG XJ,ZHONG T Y,et al.Review on the research of farmland fragmentation in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(3):530-540.]
[4]THENAIL C,JOANNON A,CAPITAINE M,et al.The contribution of crop-rotation organization in farms to crop-mosaic patterning at local landscape scales.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2009,131(3):207-219.
[5]王嫚嫚,刘颖,蒯昊,等.土地细碎化、耕地地力对粮食生产效率的影响:基于江汉平原354个水稻种植户的研究.资源科学,2017,39(8):1488-1496.[WANG M M,LIU Y,KUAI H,et al.The effects of land fragmentation and land quality on the technical efficiency of grain production based on 354 rice planters on the Jianghan Plain.Resources Science,2017,39(8):1488-1496.]
[6]DEININGER K,SAVASTANO S,CARLETTO C.Land fragmentation,cropland abandonment,and land market operation in Albania.World Development,2012,40(10):2108-2122.
[7]SKLENICKA P.Classification of farmland ownership fragmentation as a cause of land degradation:A review on typology,consequences,and remedies.Land Use Policy,2016,57:694-701.
[8]SONNENBERG J.Fundamentals of land consolidation as an instrument to abolish fragmentation of agricultural holdings.In:Proceedings of the 22nd International FIG Congress,Washington.DC,2002.
[9]CAY T,AYTEN T,ISCAN F.Effects of different land reallocation models on the success of land consolidation projects:Social and economic approaches.Land Use Policy,2010,27(2):262-269.
[10]KUPIDURA A,LUCZEWSKI M,HOME R,et al.Public perceptions of rural landscapes in land consolidation procedures in Poland.Land Use Policy,2014,39(3):313-319.
[11]文高辉,杨钢桥,李岩,等.农地整治对耕地细碎化的治理效果及其原因分析:以湖北省江夏、咸安、通山三区(县)为实证.中国土地科学,2016,30(9):82-89.[WEN G H,YANG G Q,LI Y,et al.The governance effect of rural land consolidation on cultivated land fragmentation and its causes:A case study on Jiangxia district,Xian'an district,Tongshan county in Hubei province.China Land Sciences,2016,30(9):82-89.]
[12]HARASIMOWICZ S,JANUS J,BACIOR S,et al.Shape and size of parcels and transport costs as a mixed integer programming problem in optimization of land consolidation.Computers&Selectronics in Agriculture,2017,140:113-122.
[13]DEMETRIOU D,STILLWELL J,SEE L.Land consolidation in Cyprus:Why is an integrated planning and decision support system required?.Land Use Policy,2012,29(1):131-142.
[14]胡业翠,郑新奇,徐劲原,等.中国土地整治新增耕地面积的区域差异.农业工程学报,2012,28(2):1-6.[HU Y C,ZEHNG X Q,XU J Y,et al.Regional difference for newly increased cultivated land area through land consolidation in China.Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(2):1-6.]
[15]徐康,金晓斌,吴定国,等.基于农用地分等修正的土地整治项目耕地质量评价.农业工程学报,2015,31(7):247-255.[XU K,JIN X B,WU D G,et al.Cultivated land quality evaluation of land consolidation project based on agricultural land gradation.Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(7):247-255.]
[16]JIN X B,YANG S,ZHANG Z H,et al.The evaluation of land consolidation policy in improving agricultural productivity in China.Scientific Reports,2017,7:2792.
[17]田孟,贺雪峰.中国的农地细碎化及其治理之道.江西财经大学学报,2015,(2):88-96.[TIAN M,HE X F.The fragmentation of agricultural land in China and its governance.Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,2015,(2):88-96.]
[18]刘新卫,赵崔莉.农村土地整治的工程化及其成因.中国农村经济,2017,(7):15-28.[LIU X W,ZHAO C L.Engineering of rural land renovation and its cause.Chinese Rural Economy,2017,(7):15-28.]
[19]刘彦随.科学推进中国农村土地整治战略.中国土地科学,2011,25(4):3-8.[LIU Y S.Scientifically promoting the strategy of reclamation and readjustment of rural land in China.China Land Sciences,2011,25(4):3-8.]
[20]刘新卫,赵崔莉.土地整合探索与农村土地整治反思:以广东省清远市为例.西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2018,18(1):18-26.[LIU X W,ZHAO C L.Exploration of land conformity exploration and reflection on rural land consolidation:A case study of Qingyuan,Guangdong province.Journal of Northwest A&F University:Social Science Edition,2018,18(1):18-26.]
[21]严金明,夏方舟,马梅.中国土地整治转型发展战略导向研究.中国土地科学,2016,30(2):3-10.[YAN J M,XIA FZ,MA M.Strategy orientations of transformation development:Land consolidation in the new period of China.China Land Sciences,2016,30(2):3-10.]
[22]郧宛琪,朱道林,汤怀志.中国土地整治战略重塑与创新.农业工程学报,2016,32(4):1-8.[YUN W Q,ZHU D L,TANG H Z.Reshaping and innovation of China land consolidation strategy.Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(4):1-8.]
[23]DEMETRIOU D,STILLWELL J,SEE L.A framework for developing an integrated planning and decision support system for land consolidation.2010,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228975982.
[24]TOURI?O J,PARAPAR J,DOALLO R,et al.Research article:A GIS-embedded system to support land consolidation plans in Galicia.International Journal of Geographical Information Systems,2003,17(4):377-396.
[25]AKKUS M A,KARAGOZ O,DULGER O.Automated land reallotment using genetic algorithm//International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications.IEEE,2012:1-5.
[26]CAY T,ISCAN F.Fuzzy expert system for land reallocation in land consolidation.Expert Systems with Applications,2011,38(9):11055-11071.
[27]DANTZIG G B.Linear programming under uncertainty.Management Science,1955,1:197-207.
[28]胡昱东,吴次芳.我国农村土地整理中土地权属调整问题研究.西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2009,9(1):6-10.[HU Y D,WU C F.Study on the adjustment of land ownership in rural land consolidation in China.Journal of Northwest A&F University:Social Science Edition,2009,9(1):6-10.]
[29]刘雪冉.土地整治中承包田块的调整研究.北京:中国矿业大学,2013.[LIU X R.Study on the adjustment of contracted farmland in land reclamation.Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2013.]
[30]张晓滨,叶艳妹.基于线性规划运输模型的农地整理权属调整.农业工程学报,2017,33(7):227-234.[ZHANG X B,YE Y M.Land reallocation in farmland consolidation based on transportation model of linear programming.Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(7):227-234.]
[31]郭贝贝,杨绪红,金晓斌,等.基于多目标整形规划的黄土台塬区水资源空间优化配置研究.资源科学,2014,36(9):1789-1798.[GUO B B,YANG X H,JIN X B,et al.Analysis of water resource space optimization for the loess platform region based on RWRMOA modeling.Resources Science,2014,36(9):1789-1798.]
[32]AERTS J C J H,EISINGER E,HEUVELINK G B M,et al.Using linear integer programming for multi-site land-use allocation.Geographical Analysis,2003,35(2):148-169.
[33]林忆南,金晓斌,李效顺,等.渭北黄土台塬区水资源约束下的种植业结构多目标优化研究.南京大学学报:自然科学,2014,50(2):211-218.[LIN Y N,JIN X B,LI X S,et al.Planting structure multi-objective optimization in the Weibei Loess Tableland area with constrained water resource.Journal of Nanjing University:Natural Sciences,2014,50(2):211-218.]
[34]ANDREAE B.Farming,development and space:A world agricultural geography.Farming,Development and Space.1981:e8652.
[35]KWINTA A,GNIADEK J.The description of parcel geometry and its application in terms of land consolidation planning.Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2017,136:117-124.
[36]JANUS J,ZYGMUNT M.MKSCAl-system for land consolidation project based on CAD platform.Geomatics,Land Management and Landscape,2016,2:49-59.
[2]LAURE L,LAURENT P.Does land fragmentation affect farm performance?A case study from Brittany,France.Agricultural Systems,2014,129:68-80.
[3]吕晓,黄贤金,钟太洋,等.中国农地细碎化问题研究进展.自然资源学报,2011,4(3):530-540.[LYU X,HUANG XJ,ZHONG T Y,et al.Review on the research of farmland fragmentation in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(3):530-540.]
[4]THENAIL C,JOANNON A,CAPITAINE M,et al.The contribution of crop-rotation organization in farms to crop-mosaic patterning at local landscape scales.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2009,131(3):207-219.
[5]王嫚嫚,刘颖,蒯昊,等.土地细碎化、耕地地力对粮食生产效率的影响:基于江汉平原354个水稻种植户的研究.资源科学,2017,39(8):1488-1496.[WANG M M,LIU Y,KUAI H,et al.The effects of land fragmentation and land quality on the technical efficiency of grain production based on 354 rice planters on the Jianghan Plain.Resources Science,2017,39(8):1488-1496.]
[6]DEININGER K,SAVASTANO S,CARLETTO C.Land fragmentation,cropland abandonment,and land market operation in Albania.World Development,2012,40(10):2108-2122.
[7]SKLENICKA P.Classification of farmland ownership fragmentation as a cause of land degradation:A review on typology,consequences,and remedies.Land Use Policy,2016,57:694-701.
[8]SONNENBERG J.Fundamentals of land consolidation as an instrument to abolish fragmentation of agricultural holdings.In:Proceedings of the 22nd International FIG Congress,Washington.DC,2002.
[9]CAY T,AYTEN T,ISCAN F.Effects of different land reallocation models on the success of land consolidation projects:Social and economic approaches.Land Use Policy,2010,27(2):262-269.
[10]KUPIDURA A,LUCZEWSKI M,HOME R,et al.Public perceptions of rural landscapes in land consolidation procedures in Poland.Land Use Policy,2014,39(3):313-319.
[11]文高辉,杨钢桥,李岩,等.农地整治对耕地细碎化的治理效果及其原因分析:以湖北省江夏、咸安、通山三区(县)为实证.中国土地科学,2016,30(9):82-89.[WEN G H,YANG G Q,LI Y,et al.The governance effect of rural land consolidation on cultivated land fragmentation and its causes:A case study on Jiangxia district,Xian'an district,Tongshan county in Hubei province.China Land Sciences,2016,30(9):82-89.]
[12]HARASIMOWICZ S,JANUS J,BACIOR S,et al.Shape and size of parcels and transport costs as a mixed integer programming problem in optimization of land consolidation.Computers&Selectronics in Agriculture,2017,140:113-122.
[13]DEMETRIOU D,STILLWELL J,SEE L.Land consolidation in Cyprus:Why is an integrated planning and decision support system required?.Land Use Policy,2012,29(1):131-142.
[14]胡业翠,郑新奇,徐劲原,等.中国土地整治新增耕地面积的区域差异.农业工程学报,2012,28(2):1-6.[HU Y C,ZEHNG X Q,XU J Y,et al.Regional difference for newly increased cultivated land area through land consolidation in China.Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(2):1-6.]
[15]徐康,金晓斌,吴定国,等.基于农用地分等修正的土地整治项目耕地质量评价.农业工程学报,2015,31(7):247-255.[XU K,JIN X B,WU D G,et al.Cultivated land quality evaluation of land consolidation project based on agricultural land gradation.Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(7):247-255.]
[16]JIN X B,YANG S,ZHANG Z H,et al.The evaluation of land consolidation policy in improving agricultural productivity in China.Scientific Reports,2017,7:2792.
[17]田孟,贺雪峰.中国的农地细碎化及其治理之道.江西财经大学学报,2015,(2):88-96.[TIAN M,HE X F.The fragmentation of agricultural land in China and its governance.Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,2015,(2):88-96.]
[18]刘新卫,赵崔莉.农村土地整治的工程化及其成因.中国农村经济,2017,(7):15-28.[LIU X W,ZHAO C L.Engineering of rural land renovation and its cause.Chinese Rural Economy,2017,(7):15-28.]
[19]刘彦随.科学推进中国农村土地整治战略.中国土地科学,2011,25(4):3-8.[LIU Y S.Scientifically promoting the strategy of reclamation and readjustment of rural land in China.China Land Sciences,2011,25(4):3-8.]
[20]刘新卫,赵崔莉.土地整合探索与农村土地整治反思:以广东省清远市为例.西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2018,18(1):18-26.[LIU X W,ZHAO C L.Exploration of land conformity exploration and reflection on rural land consolidation:A case study of Qingyuan,Guangdong province.Journal of Northwest A&F University:Social Science Edition,2018,18(1):18-26.]
[21]严金明,夏方舟,马梅.中国土地整治转型发展战略导向研究.中国土地科学,2016,30(2):3-10.[YAN J M,XIA FZ,MA M.Strategy orientations of transformation development:Land consolidation in the new period of China.China Land Sciences,2016,30(2):3-10.]
[22]郧宛琪,朱道林,汤怀志.中国土地整治战略重塑与创新.农业工程学报,2016,32(4):1-8.[YUN W Q,ZHU D L,TANG H Z.Reshaping and innovation of China land consolidation strategy.Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(4):1-8.]
[23]DEMETRIOU D,STILLWELL J,SEE L.A framework for developing an integrated planning and decision support system for land consolidation.2010,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228975982.
[24]TOURI?O J,PARAPAR J,DOALLO R,et al.Research article:A GIS-embedded system to support land consolidation plans in Galicia.International Journal of Geographical Information Systems,2003,17(4):377-396.
[25]AKKUS M A,KARAGOZ O,DULGER O.Automated land reallotment using genetic algorithm//International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications.IEEE,2012:1-5.
[26]CAY T,ISCAN F.Fuzzy expert system for land reallocation in land consolidation.Expert Systems with Applications,2011,38(9):11055-11071.
[27]DANTZIG G B.Linear programming under uncertainty.Management Science,1955,1:197-207.
[28]胡昱东,吴次芳.我国农村土地整理中土地权属调整问题研究.西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2009,9(1):6-10.[HU Y D,WU C F.Study on the adjustment of land ownership in rural land consolidation in China.Journal of Northwest A&F University:Social Science Edition,2009,9(1):6-10.]
[29]刘雪冉.土地整治中承包田块的调整研究.北京:中国矿业大学,2013.[LIU X R.Study on the adjustment of contracted farmland in land reclamation.Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2013.]
[30]张晓滨,叶艳妹.基于线性规划运输模型的农地整理权属调整.农业工程学报,2017,33(7):227-234.[ZHANG X B,YE Y M.Land reallocation in farmland consolidation based on transportation model of linear programming.Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(7):227-234.]
[31]郭贝贝,杨绪红,金晓斌,等.基于多目标整形规划的黄土台塬区水资源空间优化配置研究.资源科学,2014,36(9):1789-1798.[GUO B B,YANG X H,JIN X B,et al.Analysis of water resource space optimization for the loess platform region based on RWRMOA modeling.Resources Science,2014,36(9):1789-1798.]
[32]AERTS J C J H,EISINGER E,HEUVELINK G B M,et al.Using linear integer programming for multi-site land-use allocation.Geographical Analysis,2003,35(2):148-169.
[33]林忆南,金晓斌,李效顺,等.渭北黄土台塬区水资源约束下的种植业结构多目标优化研究.南京大学学报:自然科学,2014,50(2):211-218.[LIN Y N,JIN X B,LI X S,et al.Planting structure multi-objective optimization in the Weibei Loess Tableland area with constrained water resource.Journal of Nanjing University:Natural Sciences,2014,50(2):211-218.]
[34]ANDREAE B.Farming,development and space:A world agricultural geography.Farming,Development and Space.1981:e8652.
[35]KWINTA A,GNIADEK J.The description of parcel geometry and its application in terms of land consolidation planning.Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2017,136:117-124.
[36]JANUS J,ZYGMUNT M.MKSCAl-system for land consolidation project based on CAD platform.Geomatics,Land Management and Landscape,2016,2:49-59.