典型工艺下餐厨垃圾处理厂挥发性有机物释放特征分析
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摘要
采用GC-MS联用研究典型工艺下餐厨垃圾处理厂挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放情况。在对各处理单元释放VOCs的组成、含量、来源和致臭物质进行分析的基础上,结合污染物的化学活性和大气寿命,筛选分子标志物,建立餐厨垃圾处理厂VOCs污染指示图谱。结果表明,该厂在运行期间共检出8类57种VOCs,其中醇类所占比例最高(42%～70%),其次为萜烯和含硫化合物。甲硫醇、甲硫醚和二甲二硫醚等含硫化合物是处理过程中产生的主要致臭物质。预处理单元(分选/破碎单元)较后续湿热水解和好氧发酵工艺单元表现出更高的VOCs排放能力。苯、氯苯、柠檬烯等16种物质被选作该厂VOCs污染指示图谱的关键物质。Pearson分析表明图谱包含的VOCs在污染源和环境受体点的组成具有显著相关性。
The emission of VOCs in a typical process from food waste treatment plant was studied by GC-MS. Based on the analysis of the composition,concentration,potential sources and the main odorous substances of VOCs released by each treatment unit,combining the chemical activity and atmospheric lifetime of pollutants,suitable pollutants were selected as molecule markers to establish VOCs pollution indication profile. The results showed that total 57 types of VOCs in eight categories were detected quantitatively during the operation of the plant,and alcohols accounted for the highest percentage compared to other VOCs(42%～70%),followed by terpenes and sulfur-containing compounds. Methanthiol,dimethyl sulfide,dimethyl disulfide and other sulfur-containing compounds were the main odorous substances during the treatment process. The pre-treatment unit(sorting/crushing unit)presented a higher VOCs release ability than subsequent hydrothermal hydrolysis and aerobic fermentation units. The pretreatment unit(sorting/crushing section)had higher VOCs emission capacity than the subsequent hydrolysis and aerobic fermentation unit.Total 16 types of VOCs such as benzene,chlorobenzene and limonene were selected as the key pollutants for the VOCs pollution indication profile. Furthermore,the results of Pearson analysis exhibited a strong correlation between the pollution indication profile and the measured VOCs composition at the environmental receptor location.
The emission of VOCs in a typical process from food waste treatment plant was studied by GC-MS. Based on the analysis of the composition,concentration,potential sources and the main odorous substances of VOCs released by each treatment unit,combining the chemical activity and atmospheric lifetime of pollutants,suitable pollutants were selected as molecule markers to establish VOCs pollution indication profile. The results showed that total 57 types of VOCs in eight categories were detected quantitatively during the operation of the plant,and alcohols accounted for the highest percentage compared to other VOCs(42%～70%),followed by terpenes and sulfur-containing compounds. Methanthiol,dimethyl sulfide,dimethyl disulfide and other sulfur-containing compounds were the main odorous substances during the treatment process. The pre-treatment unit(sorting/crushing unit)presented a higher VOCs release ability than subsequent hydrothermal hydrolysis and aerobic fermentation units. The pretreatment unit(sorting/crushing section)had higher VOCs emission capacity than the subsequent hydrolysis and aerobic fermentation unit.Total 16 types of VOCs such as benzene,chlorobenzene and limonene were selected as the key pollutants for the VOCs pollution indication profile. Furthermore,the results of Pearson analysis exhibited a strong correlation between the pollution indication profile and the measured VOCs composition at the environmental receptor location.
引文
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[21]何品晶,曾阳,唐家富,等.城市生活垃圾初期降解挥发性有机物释放特征[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(6):854-858.
[22] Zhang H,Schuchardt F,Li G,et al. Emission of volatile sulfur compounds during composting of municipal solid waste(MSW)[J]. Waste Manage,2013,33(4):957-963.
[23]朱彦莉,郑国砥,高定,等.有机固体废物处理行业臭气的产生与控制[J].环境卫生工程,2014,22(2):36-39.
[24]吴婷,王新明.食品垃圾好氧降解过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(10):2575-2583.
[25] Kim Y M,Harrad S,Harrison R M. Levels and sources of personal inhalation exposure to volatile organic compounds[J]. Environ Sci Technol,2002,36(24):5405-5410.
[26] Powell J,Jain P,Kim H,et al. Changes in landfill gas quality as a result of controlled air injection[J]. Environ Sci Technol,2005,40(3):1029-1034.
[27]沈培明,陈正夫,张东平,等.恶臭的评价与分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[28]唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.大气环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[29] Atkinson R,Arey J. Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds:A review[J]. Atmos Environ,2003,37(S1):197-219.
[30]李用宇,朱彬,安俊琳,等.南京北郊秋季VOCs及其光化学特征观测研究[J].环境科学,2013(8):2933-2942.
[31]裴冰,刘娟,孙焱婧.某化学工业区挥发性有机物组成特征及大气化学反应活性[J].环境监测管理与技术,2011(S1):1-6.
[2]闫雨,阳艾利,魏小凤.我国餐厨垃圾处理技术市场现状分析[J].环境卫生工程,2018,25(1):17-20.
[3] Mao I,Tsai C,Shen S,et al. Critical components of odors in evaluating the performance of food waste composting plants[J]. Sci Total Environ,2006,370(2/3):323-329.
[4] Tsai C J,Chen M L,Ye A D,et al. The relationship of odor concentration and the critical components emitted from food waste composting plants[J]. Atmos Environ,2008,42(35):8246-8251.
[5] Lerner J E C,Sanchez E Y,Sambeth J E,et al. Characterization and health risk assessment of VOCs in occupational environments in Buenos Aires,Argentina[J]. Atmos Environ,2012,55:440-447.
[6] Zhou J,You Y,Bai Z,et al. Health risk assessment of personal inhalation exposure to volatile organic compounds in Tianjin,China[J]. Sci Total Environ,2011,409(3):452-459.
[7] Ran L,Zhao C S,Xu W Y,et al. VOC reactivity and its effect on ozone production during the HaChi summer campaign[J]. Atmos Chem Phys,2011,11(10):4657-4667.
[8]邵敏,付琳琳,刘莹,等.北京市大气挥发性有机物的关键活性组分及其来源[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2005,35(S1):123-130.
[9] Suthawaree J,Tajima Y,Khunchornyakong A,et al. Identification of volatile organic compounds in suburban Bangkok,Thailand and their potential for ozone formation[J]. Atmosc Res,2012,104/105:245-254.
[10]餐厨垃圾处理技术规范:CJJ 184—2012[S].
[11]席劲瑛,武俊良,胡洪营,等.工业VOCs排放源废气排放特征调查与分析[J].中国环境科学,2011(11):1558-1562.
[12]余宇帆,卢清,郑君瑜,等.珠江三角洲地区重点VOC排放行业的排放清单[J].中国环境科学,2011(4):576-583.
[13]唐小东,王伯光,赵德骏,等.城市污水处理厂的挥发性恶臭有机物组成及来源[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(4):576-583.
[14]刘舒乐,王伯光,何洁,等.城市污水处理厂恶臭挥发性有机物的感官定量评价研究[J].环境科学,2011,12:3582-3587.
[15] Staley B F,Xu F,Cowie S J,et al. Release of trace organic compounds during the decomposition of municipal solid waste components[J]. Environ Sci Technol,2006,40(19):5984-5991.
[16]王晓伟.餐厨垃圾饲料化工艺恶臭污染物排放特性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学,2013.
[17] Liu J G,Wang X W,Nie X Q,et al. In-situ emission characteristics of odorous gases from two food waste processing plants[J].J Mater Cycles Waste,2013,15(4):510-515.
[18] Zhang Y Y,Yue D B,Liu J G,et al. Release of non-methane organic compounds during simulated landfilling of aerobically pretreated municipal solid waste[J]. J Environ Manage,2012,101:54-58.
[19] Zou S C,Lee S C,Chan C Y,et al. Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds at a landfill site in Guangzhou,South China[J]. Chemosphere,2003,51(9):1015-1022.
[20]贾记红,黄成,陈长虹,等.炼焦过程挥发性有机物排放特征及其大气化学反应活性[J].环境科学学报,2009(5):905-912.
[21]何品晶,曾阳,唐家富,等.城市生活垃圾初期降解挥发性有机物释放特征[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(6):854-858.
[22] Zhang H,Schuchardt F,Li G,et al. Emission of volatile sulfur compounds during composting of municipal solid waste(MSW)[J]. Waste Manage,2013,33(4):957-963.
[23]朱彦莉,郑国砥,高定,等.有机固体废物处理行业臭气的产生与控制[J].环境卫生工程,2014,22(2):36-39.
[24]吴婷,王新明.食品垃圾好氧降解过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(10):2575-2583.
[25] Kim Y M,Harrad S,Harrison R M. Levels and sources of personal inhalation exposure to volatile organic compounds[J]. Environ Sci Technol,2002,36(24):5405-5410.
[26] Powell J,Jain P,Kim H,et al. Changes in landfill gas quality as a result of controlled air injection[J]. Environ Sci Technol,2005,40(3):1029-1034.
[27]沈培明,陈正夫,张东平,等.恶臭的评价与分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[28]唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.大气环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[29] Atkinson R,Arey J. Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds:A review[J]. Atmos Environ,2003,37(S1):197-219.
[30]李用宇,朱彬,安俊琳,等.南京北郊秋季VOCs及其光化学特征观测研究[J].环境科学,2013(8):2933-2942.
[31]裴冰,刘娟,孙焱婧.某化学工业区挥发性有机物组成特征及大气化学反应活性[J].环境监测管理与技术,2011(S1):1-6.
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