基于WOFOST模型的吉林省春玉米干旱复水模拟研究
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摘要
干旱是吉林省春玉米生长发育阶段面临的主要农业气象灾害,如何合理地进行灌溉,减轻干旱缺水造成的不利影响,是吉林省春玉米生产中急需解决的问题之一。本研究利用气象、土壤等数据资料,对WOFOST模型进行了修订;利用修订的WOFOST模型,模拟了不同干旱条件下,不同的复水方案对玉米生长发育以及产量的影响,结果表明:修订的WOFOST模型在干旱条件下对春玉米的叶面积、地上部分干物质重以及产量具有较好的模拟效果。干旱复水模拟结果显示,在拔节-抽雄和抽雄-乳熟阶段,随着干旱程度的加剧,榆树和白城两地的玉米地上部分干物质重和产量的损失都随之增加;相同的复水方案下,榆树地区的春玉米地上部分干物质重和产量损失要小于白城地区;抽雄-乳熟阶段的干旱对春玉米的产量影响更大。从复水方案上来看,连续复水方案整体上要优于一次性复水方案,并且干旱过程中的及时、足量复水对春玉米抵御干旱、减少产量损失具有重要的作用。研究结果表明,WOFOST模型在农业干旱和灌溉模拟方面也具有较好的应用前景。
Drought is the main agro-meteorological disaster in growth and development stage of spring maize in Jilin Province.It is urgent to take measures to irrigate reasonably and reduce the adverse effects of drought for spring maize production in Jilin Province.In this study,the WOFOST model was revised using data such as meteorological and soil data.The effects of different rewatering schemes on maize growth and yield under different drought conditions were simulated by using the modified WOFOST model.The results showed that the modified WOFOST model had good simulation effect on leaf area,dry matter weight,and yield of spring maize under drought condition.The simulated results of drought and rewatering showed that during the stage of jointing-tasseling and tasseling-milky maturity,the loss of dry matter weight and yield of maize for Yushu and Baicheng increased with the increase of drought degree.Under the same rewatering scheme,the dry matter weight and yield loss of the spring maize in Yushu were smaller than that in Baicheng.The drought in the stage of tasseling-milky maturity had a greater effect on the yield of spring maize.From aspect of the rewatering scheme,the continuous rewatering scheme as a whole was better than the onetime rewatering scheme,and the timely and sufficient rewatering in the process of drought played an important role in resisting drought and reducing yield loss of spring maize.This study implied that WOFOST model has good application prospect in agricultural drought and irrigation simulation.
Drought is the main agro-meteorological disaster in growth and development stage of spring maize in Jilin Province.It is urgent to take measures to irrigate reasonably and reduce the adverse effects of drought for spring maize production in Jilin Province.In this study,the WOFOST model was revised using data such as meteorological and soil data.The effects of different rewatering schemes on maize growth and yield under different drought conditions were simulated by using the modified WOFOST model.The results showed that the modified WOFOST model had good simulation effect on leaf area,dry matter weight,and yield of spring maize under drought condition.The simulated results of drought and rewatering showed that during the stage of jointing-tasseling and tasseling-milky maturity,the loss of dry matter weight and yield of maize for Yushu and Baicheng increased with the increase of drought degree.Under the same rewatering scheme,the dry matter weight and yield loss of the spring maize in Yushu were smaller than that in Baicheng.The drought in the stage of tasseling-milky maturity had a greater effect on the yield of spring maize.From aspect of the rewatering scheme,the continuous rewatering scheme as a whole was better than the onetime rewatering scheme,and the timely and sufficient rewatering in the process of drought played an important role in resisting drought and reducing yield loss of spring maize.This study implied that WOFOST model has good application prospect in agricultural drought and irrigation simulation.
引文
[1]王全忠,薛超,周宏.种质创新、灌溉与玉米稳产研究--兼论中国玉米生产“靠天吃饭”的局面是否有所改观[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(4):720-727.Wang Q Z,Xue C,Zhou H.Seed breeding innovation,irrigation,and stable corn production in China:Further discussion of changing situation of China's corn production relying on nature[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(4):720-727.
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[3]杨慧莲,王海南,韩旭东,等.我国玉米种植区域比较优势及空间分布变化-基于全国18省1996-2015年数据测算[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(6):921-929.Yang H L,Wang H N,Han X D,et al.Comparative advantage and the spatial distribution of China's corn producing areas:Based on the data of 18 provinces from 1996 to 2015[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(6):921-929.
[4]董秋婷,李茂松,刘江,等.近50年东北地区春玉米干旱的时空演变特征[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(4):52-59.Dong Q T,Li M S,Liu J,et al.Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of drought of spring maize in Northeast China in recent 50 years[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(4):52-59.
[5]柳燕兰,郭贤仕,马明生.苗期干旱胁迫及复水对春玉米叶片光能利用特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):339-343.Liu Y L,Guo X S,Ma M S.Effects of drought stress and rewatering at seedling stage on light energy utilization and antioxidant enzymes activities of spring maize leave[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(1):339-343.
[6]刘佳,杨永红,郝引川,等.干旱胁迫和复水处理对玉米叶片光合电子传递特性的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(10):1877-1884.Liu J,Yang Y H,Hao Y C,et al.Effects of photosynthetic electron transport chain of maize leaves under drought stress and re-watering[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2017,53(10):1877-1884.
[7]蔡福,米娜,纪瑞鹏,等.关键发育期干旱及复水过程对春玉米主要生理参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3643-3652.Cai F,Mi N,Ji R P,et al.Effects of drought stress and subsequent rewatering on major physiological parameters of spring maize during the key growth periods[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(11):3643-3652.
[8]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同程度干旱胁迫及复水对春玉米(丹玉39)茎流动态的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(2):163-170.Yu W Y,Ji R P,Feng R,et al.Effects of different drought stresses and re-watering on sap flow dynamic of spring maize Danyu 39[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(2):163-170.
[9]Zheng H F,Zhang X,Ma W J,et al.Morphological and physiological responses to cyclic drought in two contrasting genotypes of Catalpa bungei[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2017,138:77-87.
[10]刘婷婷.玉米苗期干旱复水过程中叶片膜脂响应与干旱适应能力的关系[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2018.Liu T T.The relationship between membrane lipids alteration and drought adaptation in leaves of maize seedlings[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018.
[11]Castaneda-Vera A,Leffelaar P A,Alvaro-Fuentes J,et al.Selecting crop models for decision making in wheat insurance[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2015,68(8):97-116.
[12]Mishra S K,Shekh A M,Pandey V,et al.Sensitivity analysis of four wheat cultivars to varying photoperiod and temperature at different phenological stages using WOFOST model[J].Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,17(6):74-79.
[13]李琪,任景全,王连喜.未来气候变化情景下江苏水稻高温热害模拟研究Ⅰ:评估孕穗-抽穗期高温热害对水稻产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):91-96.Li Q,Ren J Q,Wang L X.Simulation of the heat injury on rice production in Jiangsu Province under the climate change scenariosⅠ:impact assessment of the heat injury on rice yield from booting to heading stage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(1):91-96.
[14]Huang J X,Sedanoc F,Huang Y B,et al.Assimilating a synthetic Kalman filter leaf area index series into the WOFOST model to improve regional winter wheat yield estimation[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2016,216:188-202.
[15]de Wita A,Duveillerb G,Defourny P.Estimating regional winter wheat yield with WOFOST through the assimilation of green area index retrieved from MODIS observations[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2012,164:39-52.
[16]王连喜,许小路,李琪,等.不同时期高温胁迫对江苏省水稻生育期和产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2015(2):95-100.Wang L X,Xu X L,Li Q,et al.Impact of high temperature stress on growing stage and yield of rice in Jiangsu Province[J].Crops,2015(2):95-100.
[17]陈思宁.基于集合卡尔曼滤波的遥感信息和作物模型结合研究--以东北地区玉米估产为例[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2012.Chen S N.Study on integration of remote sensing information and crop model based on Ensemble Kalman Filter-A case study of maize yield estimation in Northeast China[J].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,2012.
[18]武荣盛,吴瑞芬,孙小龙,等.不同程度干旱对春玉米生物量和产量影响的模拟[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(9):2482-2488.Wu R S,Wu R F,Sun X L,et al.Simulating the impact of drought on spring maize biomass and yield[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(9):2482-2488.
[19]朱津辉,郭建茂,毛留喜.基于WOFOST模型的河北省保定市冬小麦最佳灌溉方案研究[J].气象,2014,40(11):1398-1407.Zhu J H,Guo J M,Mao L X.Study on the optimum irrigation program of winter wheat in Baoding Based on WOFOSTmodel[J].Meteorological Monthly,2014,40(11):1398-1407.
[20]中国气象局.QX/T 259-2015北方春玉米干旱等级[S].北京:气象出版社,2015.China Meteorological Administration.QX/T 259-2015 Drought grade of spring maize in Northern China[S].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2015.
[21]董朝阳,刘志娟,杨晓光.北方地区不同等级干旱对春玉米产量影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):157-164.Dong C Y,Liu Z J,Yang X G.Effects of different grade drought on grain yield of spring maize in Northern China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(11):157-164.
[22]马树庆,王琪,陈凤涛,等.春旱背景下春玉米苗情对产量的影响及减产评估模式[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(S1):171-179.Ma S Q,Wang Q,Chen F T,et al.Impact of spring maize seeding growth on yield and assessment models of production cut under background of spring drought[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(S1):171-179.
[23]Hunt E D,Svobodab M,Wardlowc B,et al.Monitoring the effects of rapid onset of drought on non-irrigated maize with agronomic data and climate-based drought indices[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2014,191:1-11.
[24]尹华,孙碟,李旭辉,等.干旱对不同授粉方式玉米籽粒生长和光合特性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(2):22-28.Yin H,Sun D,Li X H,et al.Effect of drought stress on maize kernel growth and photosynthetic characteristics under different pollination types[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2013,18(2):22-28.
[25]纪瑞鹏,车宇胜,朱永宁,等.干旱对东北春玉米生长发育和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):3021-3026.Ji R P,Che Y S,Zhu Y N,et al.Impacts of drought stress on the growth and development and grain yield of spring maize in Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(11):3021-3026.
[26]Song H,Li Y B,Zhou L,et at.Maize leaf functional responses to drought episode and rewatering[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2018,249:57-70.
[27]张俊鹏,孙景生,刘祖贵,等.不同水分条件和覆盖处理对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):501-506.Zhang J P,Sun J S,Liu Z G,et al.Effect of moisture and mulching on filling characteristics and yield of summer maize[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(3):501-506.
[28]李柏贞.玉米干旱过程及其动态模拟[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2014.Li B Z.Maize drought process and dynamics simulation[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,2014.
[2]尹小刚.气候变化背景下东北玉米生产的干旱风险与适应对策[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.Yin X G.Drought risks and adaptation measure of maize production in Northeast China under climate change[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.
[3]杨慧莲,王海南,韩旭东,等.我国玉米种植区域比较优势及空间分布变化-基于全国18省1996-2015年数据测算[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(6):921-929.Yang H L,Wang H N,Han X D,et al.Comparative advantage and the spatial distribution of China's corn producing areas:Based on the data of 18 provinces from 1996 to 2015[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(6):921-929.
[4]董秋婷,李茂松,刘江,等.近50年东北地区春玉米干旱的时空演变特征[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(4):52-59.Dong Q T,Li M S,Liu J,et al.Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of drought of spring maize in Northeast China in recent 50 years[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(4):52-59.
[5]柳燕兰,郭贤仕,马明生.苗期干旱胁迫及复水对春玉米叶片光能利用特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):339-343.Liu Y L,Guo X S,Ma M S.Effects of drought stress and rewatering at seedling stage on light energy utilization and antioxidant enzymes activities of spring maize leave[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(1):339-343.
[6]刘佳,杨永红,郝引川,等.干旱胁迫和复水处理对玉米叶片光合电子传递特性的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(10):1877-1884.Liu J,Yang Y H,Hao Y C,et al.Effects of photosynthetic electron transport chain of maize leaves under drought stress and re-watering[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2017,53(10):1877-1884.
[7]蔡福,米娜,纪瑞鹏,等.关键发育期干旱及复水过程对春玉米主要生理参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3643-3652.Cai F,Mi N,Ji R P,et al.Effects of drought stress and subsequent rewatering on major physiological parameters of spring maize during the key growth periods[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(11):3643-3652.
[8]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同程度干旱胁迫及复水对春玉米(丹玉39)茎流动态的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(2):163-170.Yu W Y,Ji R P,Feng R,et al.Effects of different drought stresses and re-watering on sap flow dynamic of spring maize Danyu 39[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(2):163-170.
[9]Zheng H F,Zhang X,Ma W J,et al.Morphological and physiological responses to cyclic drought in two contrasting genotypes of Catalpa bungei[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2017,138:77-87.
[10]刘婷婷.玉米苗期干旱复水过程中叶片膜脂响应与干旱适应能力的关系[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2018.Liu T T.The relationship between membrane lipids alteration and drought adaptation in leaves of maize seedlings[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018.
[11]Castaneda-Vera A,Leffelaar P A,Alvaro-Fuentes J,et al.Selecting crop models for decision making in wheat insurance[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2015,68(8):97-116.
[12]Mishra S K,Shekh A M,Pandey V,et al.Sensitivity analysis of four wheat cultivars to varying photoperiod and temperature at different phenological stages using WOFOST model[J].Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,17(6):74-79.
[13]李琪,任景全,王连喜.未来气候变化情景下江苏水稻高温热害模拟研究Ⅰ:评估孕穗-抽穗期高温热害对水稻产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):91-96.Li Q,Ren J Q,Wang L X.Simulation of the heat injury on rice production in Jiangsu Province under the climate change scenariosⅠ:impact assessment of the heat injury on rice yield from booting to heading stage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(1):91-96.
[14]Huang J X,Sedanoc F,Huang Y B,et al.Assimilating a synthetic Kalman filter leaf area index series into the WOFOST model to improve regional winter wheat yield estimation[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2016,216:188-202.
[15]de Wita A,Duveillerb G,Defourny P.Estimating regional winter wheat yield with WOFOST through the assimilation of green area index retrieved from MODIS observations[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2012,164:39-52.
[16]王连喜,许小路,李琪,等.不同时期高温胁迫对江苏省水稻生育期和产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2015(2):95-100.Wang L X,Xu X L,Li Q,et al.Impact of high temperature stress on growing stage and yield of rice in Jiangsu Province[J].Crops,2015(2):95-100.
[17]陈思宁.基于集合卡尔曼滤波的遥感信息和作物模型结合研究--以东北地区玉米估产为例[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2012.Chen S N.Study on integration of remote sensing information and crop model based on Ensemble Kalman Filter-A case study of maize yield estimation in Northeast China[J].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,2012.
[18]武荣盛,吴瑞芬,孙小龙,等.不同程度干旱对春玉米生物量和产量影响的模拟[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(9):2482-2488.Wu R S,Wu R F,Sun X L,et al.Simulating the impact of drought on spring maize biomass and yield[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(9):2482-2488.
[19]朱津辉,郭建茂,毛留喜.基于WOFOST模型的河北省保定市冬小麦最佳灌溉方案研究[J].气象,2014,40(11):1398-1407.Zhu J H,Guo J M,Mao L X.Study on the optimum irrigation program of winter wheat in Baoding Based on WOFOSTmodel[J].Meteorological Monthly,2014,40(11):1398-1407.
[20]中国气象局.QX/T 259-2015北方春玉米干旱等级[S].北京:气象出版社,2015.China Meteorological Administration.QX/T 259-2015 Drought grade of spring maize in Northern China[S].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2015.
[21]董朝阳,刘志娟,杨晓光.北方地区不同等级干旱对春玉米产量影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):157-164.Dong C Y,Liu Z J,Yang X G.Effects of different grade drought on grain yield of spring maize in Northern China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(11):157-164.
[22]马树庆,王琪,陈凤涛,等.春旱背景下春玉米苗情对产量的影响及减产评估模式[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(S1):171-179.Ma S Q,Wang Q,Chen F T,et al.Impact of spring maize seeding growth on yield and assessment models of production cut under background of spring drought[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(S1):171-179.
[23]Hunt E D,Svobodab M,Wardlowc B,et al.Monitoring the effects of rapid onset of drought on non-irrigated maize with agronomic data and climate-based drought indices[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2014,191:1-11.
[24]尹华,孙碟,李旭辉,等.干旱对不同授粉方式玉米籽粒生长和光合特性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(2):22-28.Yin H,Sun D,Li X H,et al.Effect of drought stress on maize kernel growth and photosynthetic characteristics under different pollination types[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2013,18(2):22-28.
[25]纪瑞鹏,车宇胜,朱永宁,等.干旱对东北春玉米生长发育和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):3021-3026.Ji R P,Che Y S,Zhu Y N,et al.Impacts of drought stress on the growth and development and grain yield of spring maize in Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(11):3021-3026.
[26]Song H,Li Y B,Zhou L,et at.Maize leaf functional responses to drought episode and rewatering[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2018,249:57-70.
[27]张俊鹏,孙景生,刘祖贵,等.不同水分条件和覆盖处理对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):501-506.Zhang J P,Sun J S,Liu Z G,et al.Effect of moisture and mulching on filling characteristics and yield of summer maize[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(3):501-506.
[28]李柏贞.玉米干旱过程及其动态模拟[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2014.Li B Z.Maize drought process and dynamics simulation[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,2014.