鄂西地区陡山沱组页岩储层孔隙特征及影响因素
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摘要
页岩储层孔隙结构是评价页岩气资源潜力的基础。本文基于有机碳含量、沥青反射率、X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)及低温氮气吸附等方法,探讨鄂西地区震旦系陡山沱组页岩沉积组成、孔隙结构及其控制因素。结果表明:(1)陡山沱组为硅质和钙质页岩,TOC介于3.29%～6%,主要为I型干酪根,处于高-过成熟阶段;(2)陡山沱组页岩有机孔发育程度较低,无机孔提供主要储集空间,包括脆性矿物和黏土矿物的粒间孔、层间孔和部分溶蚀孔,以及少量微裂缝;(3)孔径分布范围为1.1～284nm,总孔体积平均为0.034ml/g,微孔、介孔和大孔体积分别为0.005ml/g、0.023ml/g和0.006ml/g,以介孔为主;(4)陡山沱组页岩TOC与孔体积无明显相关性,表明有机孔对孔体积贡献较小。硅质矿物和黏土矿物含量与页岩孔体积正相关性较好,表明矿物组成是陡山陀组页岩孔隙发育的主要控制因素。鄂西地区陡山沱组页岩具有良好的物质条件、生烃条件和页岩气储集空间,是潜在的页岩气勘探开发层系。
The pore structures of shale reservoirs are considered as the basis for the evaluation of shale gas resources. In the light of organic carbon content, asphalt reflectance, X-ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) analysis and low temperatures nitrogen absorption method, the present paper gives a detailed discussion of the compositions, pore structures and controlling factors of the shale reservoirs in the Doushantuo Formation in western Hubei. The Doushantuo Formation is mainly made up of siliceous and calcareous shales. The total organic carbon contents vary from 3.29% to 6%, indicating the I-type kerogen and high maturation-overmaturation stages of the source rocks. The organic pores in the shales from the Doushantuo Formation are less developed, and the inorganic pores have provided the main storage spaces, including intergranular pores, interlayer pores and partial solution openings within the brittle minerals and clay minerals, as well as a small amount of microfractures. On the whole, the pore diameters range between 1.1 nm and 284 nm, and micropores, mesopores and macropores have the volumes of 0.005, 0.023 and 0.006 ml/g, respectively, with an average of 0.034 ml/g. There is no significant correlation between the total organic carbon contents and pore volumes in the shales from the Doushantuo Formation, indicating that the organic pores contribute little to the pore volumes. On the contrary, the contents of siliceous and clay minerals are positively correlated with the pore volumes, indicating that the mineral compositions are the main controlling factors of pore development in the Doushantuo Formation. The shales in the Doushantuo Formation in western Hubei may be considered potentially prospective for shale gas because of good hydrocarbon generation conditions and shale gas storage spaces.
The pore structures of shale reservoirs are considered as the basis for the evaluation of shale gas resources. In the light of organic carbon content, asphalt reflectance, X-ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) analysis and low temperatures nitrogen absorption method, the present paper gives a detailed discussion of the compositions, pore structures and controlling factors of the shale reservoirs in the Doushantuo Formation in western Hubei. The Doushantuo Formation is mainly made up of siliceous and calcareous shales. The total organic carbon contents vary from 3.29% to 6%, indicating the I-type kerogen and high maturation-overmaturation stages of the source rocks. The organic pores in the shales from the Doushantuo Formation are less developed, and the inorganic pores have provided the main storage spaces, including intergranular pores, interlayer pores and partial solution openings within the brittle minerals and clay minerals, as well as a small amount of microfractures. On the whole, the pore diameters range between 1.1 nm and 284 nm, and micropores, mesopores and macropores have the volumes of 0.005, 0.023 and 0.006 ml/g, respectively, with an average of 0.034 ml/g. There is no significant correlation between the total organic carbon contents and pore volumes in the shales from the Doushantuo Formation, indicating that the organic pores contribute little to the pore volumes. On the contrary, the contents of siliceous and clay minerals are positively correlated with the pore volumes, indicating that the mineral compositions are the main controlling factors of pore development in the Doushantuo Formation. The shales in the Doushantuo Formation in western Hubei may be considered potentially prospective for shale gas because of good hydrocarbon generation conditions and shale gas storage spaces.
引文
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[2]张金川,金之钧,袁明生.页岩气成藏机理和分布[J].天然气工业,2004,24(7):15-18.
[3]郭彤楼.中国式页岩气关键地质问题与成藏富集主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):317-326.
[4]邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.
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[7]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,等.川南龙马溪组页岩气储层纳米孔隙结构特征及其成藏意义[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3):438-444.
[8]魏祥峰,刘若冰,张廷山,等.页岩气储层微观孔隙结构特征及发育控制因素---以川南-黔北XX地区龙马溪组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(5):1048-1059.
[9]郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):9-16.
[10]邹才能,董大忠,王玉满,等.中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(一)[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):689-701.
[11]姜振学,唐相路,李卓,等.川东南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构全孔径表征及其对含气性的控制[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):126-134.
[12]聂海宽,唐玄,边瑞康.页岩气成藏控制因素及中国南方页岩气发育有利区预测[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):484-491.
[13]王玉满,董大忠,李建忠,等.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):551-561.
[14]Furmann A,Mastalerz M,Bish D,et al..Porosity and pore size distribution in mudrocks from the Belle Fourche and Second White Specks Formations in Alberta,Canada[J].AAPGBulletin,2016,100:1265-1288.
[15]刘文平,张成林,高贵冬,等.四川盆地龙马溪组页岩孔隙度控制因素及演化规律[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):175-184.
[16]雍自权,张旋,邓海波,等.鄂西地区陡山沱组页岩段有机质富集的差异性[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,39(6):567-574.
[17]彭波,刘羽琛,漆富成,等.鄂西地区陡山沱组页岩气成藏地质条件研究[J].地质论评,2017,63(5):1293-1306.
[18]陈明,万方,尹福光.滇黔桂地区晚震旦世陡山沱期构造-层序岩相古地理[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(1):11-26.
[19]闫剑飞,余谦,刘伟,等.中上扬子地区下古生界页岩气资源前景分析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2010,30(3):96-103.
[20]陈孝红,张国涛,胡亚.鄂西宜昌地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组页岩沉积环境及其页岩气地质意义[J].华南地质与矿产,2016,32(2):106-116.
[21]丰国秀,陈盛吉.岩石中沥青反射率与镜质体反射率之间的关系[J].天然气工业,1988,(3):7+30-35.
[22]Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,et al.Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(6):1071-1098.
[23]Rouquerol J,Sing K S W.Adsorption at the gas-solid and Liquid-Solid Interface[J].Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis,1982,10:259-266.
[24]Sing K S W.Characterization of Adsorbents[A]Adsorption:Science and Technology[C].Netherlands Springer:1989.
[25]郭为,熊伟,高树生,等.页岩气等温吸附/解吸特征[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(7):2836-2840.
[26]杨峰,宁正福,张世栋,等.基于氮气吸附实验的页岩孔隙结构表征[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):135-140.
[27]L¨ohr S C,Baruch E T,Hall P A,et al.Is organic pore development in gas shales influenced by the primary porosity and structure of the rmally immature organic matter[J]?Organic Geochemistry,2015,87(3):119-132.
[28]Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble T E,et al.Unconventional shalegas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[29]Romero-Sarmiento M F,Rouzaud J N,Bernard S,et al.Evolution of Barnett Shale organic carbon structure and nanostructure with increasing maturation[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,71:7-16.
[30]Curtis M E,Cardott B J,Sondergeld C H,et al.Development of organic porosity in the Woodford Shale with increasing thermal maturity[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,103(23):26-31.
[31]葛岩,万欢,黄志龙,等.页岩气储层微观孔隙结构影响因素及"三元"耦合控制作用[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(5):17-23.
[32]郭世钊,郭建华,刘辰生,等.黔北地区志留系下统龙马溪组页岩气成藏潜力[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(6):1973-1980.
[33]秦明阳,郭建华,何红生,等.四川盆地外复杂构造区页岩气地质条件及含气性特征:以湘西北五峰组-龙马溪组为例[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,49(8):1979-1990.
[34]翟刚毅,包书景,王玉芳,等.古隆起边缘成藏模式与湖北宜昌页岩气重大发现[J].地球学报,2017,38(4):441-447.
[35]徐祖新,郭少斌.中扬子地区震旦系陡山沱组页岩储层孔隙结构特征[J].现代地质,2015(1):206-212.
[36]王玉芳,翟刚毅,包书景,等.鄂阳页1井陡山沱组页岩储层含气性及可压性评价[J].中国矿业,2017,26(6):166-172.
[2]张金川,金之钧,袁明生.页岩气成藏机理和分布[J].天然气工业,2004,24(7):15-18.
[3]郭彤楼.中国式页岩气关键地质问题与成藏富集主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):317-326.
[4]邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.
[5]姜振学,唐相路,李卓,等.中国典型海相和陆相页岩储层孔隙结构及含气性[M].北京:科学出版社,2018.1-388.
[6]Ross D J K,Bustin R M.The importance of shale composition and pore structure upon gas storage potential of shale gas reservoirs[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2009,26(6):916-927.
[7]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,等.川南龙马溪组页岩气储层纳米孔隙结构特征及其成藏意义[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3):438-444.
[8]魏祥峰,刘若冰,张廷山,等.页岩气储层微观孔隙结构特征及发育控制因素---以川南-黔北XX地区龙马溪组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(5):1048-1059.
[9]郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):9-16.
[10]邹才能,董大忠,王玉满,等.中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(一)[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):689-701.
[11]姜振学,唐相路,李卓,等.川东南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构全孔径表征及其对含气性的控制[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):126-134.
[12]聂海宽,唐玄,边瑞康.页岩气成藏控制因素及中国南方页岩气发育有利区预测[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):484-491.
[13]王玉满,董大忠,李建忠,等.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):551-561.
[14]Furmann A,Mastalerz M,Bish D,et al..Porosity and pore size distribution in mudrocks from the Belle Fourche and Second White Specks Formations in Alberta,Canada[J].AAPGBulletin,2016,100:1265-1288.
[15]刘文平,张成林,高贵冬,等.四川盆地龙马溪组页岩孔隙度控制因素及演化规律[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):175-184.
[16]雍自权,张旋,邓海波,等.鄂西地区陡山沱组页岩段有机质富集的差异性[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,39(6):567-574.
[17]彭波,刘羽琛,漆富成,等.鄂西地区陡山沱组页岩气成藏地质条件研究[J].地质论评,2017,63(5):1293-1306.
[18]陈明,万方,尹福光.滇黔桂地区晚震旦世陡山沱期构造-层序岩相古地理[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(1):11-26.
[19]闫剑飞,余谦,刘伟,等.中上扬子地区下古生界页岩气资源前景分析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2010,30(3):96-103.
[20]陈孝红,张国涛,胡亚.鄂西宜昌地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组页岩沉积环境及其页岩气地质意义[J].华南地质与矿产,2016,32(2):106-116.
[21]丰国秀,陈盛吉.岩石中沥青反射率与镜质体反射率之间的关系[J].天然气工业,1988,(3):7+30-35.
[22]Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,et al.Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(6):1071-1098.
[23]Rouquerol J,Sing K S W.Adsorption at the gas-solid and Liquid-Solid Interface[J].Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis,1982,10:259-266.
[24]Sing K S W.Characterization of Adsorbents[A]Adsorption:Science and Technology[C].Netherlands Springer:1989.
[25]郭为,熊伟,高树生,等.页岩气等温吸附/解吸特征[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(7):2836-2840.
[26]杨峰,宁正福,张世栋,等.基于氮气吸附实验的页岩孔隙结构表征[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):135-140.
[27]L¨ohr S C,Baruch E T,Hall P A,et al.Is organic pore development in gas shales influenced by the primary porosity and structure of the rmally immature organic matter[J]?Organic Geochemistry,2015,87(3):119-132.
[28]Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble T E,et al.Unconventional shalegas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[29]Romero-Sarmiento M F,Rouzaud J N,Bernard S,et al.Evolution of Barnett Shale organic carbon structure and nanostructure with increasing maturation[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,71:7-16.
[30]Curtis M E,Cardott B J,Sondergeld C H,et al.Development of organic porosity in the Woodford Shale with increasing thermal maturity[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,103(23):26-31.
[31]葛岩,万欢,黄志龙,等.页岩气储层微观孔隙结构影响因素及"三元"耦合控制作用[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(5):17-23.
[32]郭世钊,郭建华,刘辰生,等.黔北地区志留系下统龙马溪组页岩气成藏潜力[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(6):1973-1980.
[33]秦明阳,郭建华,何红生,等.四川盆地外复杂构造区页岩气地质条件及含气性特征:以湘西北五峰组-龙马溪组为例[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,49(8):1979-1990.
[34]翟刚毅,包书景,王玉芳,等.古隆起边缘成藏模式与湖北宜昌页岩气重大发现[J].地球学报,2017,38(4):441-447.
[35]徐祖新,郭少斌.中扬子地区震旦系陡山沱组页岩储层孔隙结构特征[J].现代地质,2015(1):206-212.
[36]王玉芳,翟刚毅,包书景,等.鄂阳页1井陡山沱组页岩储层含气性及可压性评价[J].中国矿业,2017,26(6):166-172.
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