中华绒螯蟹胚后发育生物学零度及其有效积温
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摘要
温度是中华绒螯蟹胚后发育历期的重要影响因子。生物学零度和有效积温体现了温度和发育历期的内在关系。本实验以江苏省盐城市射阳地区培育的长江水系中华绒螯蟹良种"江海21"幼体为实验对象,设计室内单因素三处理三重复恒温实验(3个处理组分别设置恒温为20、22、24℃),定期监测发育温度和历期。通过有效积温公式计算和验证生物学零度和有效积温,采用单因素方差法对实验数据和当地5年历史监测数据进行统计学分析。实验结果表明:1)生物学零度和有效积温实验数据与历史数据的统计分析结果均无显著差异(P>0.05),可以确定中华绒螯蟹胚后发育阶段的生物学零度为6.91℃,有效积温为274.18℃·d。2)在实验温度范围内,中华绒螯蟹幼体阶段发育历期随温度升高而缩短。本实验结果可为研究中华绒螯蟹人工育苗胚后发育提供科学理论依据。
Temperature is an important factor affecting the postembryonic development duration of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis). Biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature reflect the intrinsic relationship between temperature and developmental duration. In this experiment, the larvae of Jianghai21, an improved species of E. sinensis bred in Sheyang area of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, were used as experimental objects. A single factor, three treatments and three repetitive constant temperature test(constant temperature was set at 20, 22 and 24 ℃, respectively) was designed to monitor the development temperature and duration of E. sinensis at regular intervals. The biological zero and effective accumulated temperatures were calculated and validated by the effective accumulated temperature formula. The experimental data and the local five-year historical monitoring data were analyzed by single factor variance analysis. The test results showed that:1) There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental data of biological zero temperature,effective accumulated temperature and the historical data(P>0.05). It was confirmed that the biological zero and effective accumulated temperatures of E. sinensis were separately 6.91 ℃ and 274.18 ℃·d at the postembryonic stage. 2) Among the experimental temperature range, the larval development period of E. sinensis decreased with the increase of temperature. The above results can provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the study of postembryonic development of E. sinensis.
Temperature is an important factor affecting the postembryonic development duration of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis). Biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature reflect the intrinsic relationship between temperature and developmental duration. In this experiment, the larvae of Jianghai21, an improved species of E. sinensis bred in Sheyang area of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, were used as experimental objects. A single factor, three treatments and three repetitive constant temperature test(constant temperature was set at 20, 22 and 24 ℃, respectively) was designed to monitor the development temperature and duration of E. sinensis at regular intervals. The biological zero and effective accumulated temperatures were calculated and validated by the effective accumulated temperature formula. The experimental data and the local five-year historical monitoring data were analyzed by single factor variance analysis. The test results showed that:1) There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental data of biological zero temperature,effective accumulated temperature and the historical data(P>0.05). It was confirmed that the biological zero and effective accumulated temperatures of E. sinensis were separately 6.91 ℃ and 274.18 ℃·d at the postembryonic stage. 2) Among the experimental temperature range, the larval development period of E. sinensis decreased with the increase of temperature. The above results can provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the study of postembryonic development of E. sinensis.
引文
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[7]曾朝曙,王桂忠,李少菁.锯缘青蟹胚胎发育的观察及温度影响胚胎发育的研究.福建水产,1991(1):45-50.ZENG C S, WANG G Z, LI S J. Observation on development of Scylla serrata embryos and influence of temperature on embryonic development. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 1991(1):45-50.(in Chinese)
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[10]黄晓荣,庄平,章龙珍,等.中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育及几种代谢酶活性的变化.水产学报,2011,35(2):192-199.HUANG X R, ZHUANG P, ZHANG L Z, et al. Embryonic development and the variation of some metabolism enzyme activity during embryonic development of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis). Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(2):192-199.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王博君.河蟹早繁育苗胚胎发育积温的调控.淡水渔业,1999,29(8):45-46.WANG B J. Control of total temperature of embryonic development for river crab(Eriocheir sinensis). Freshwater Fisheries, 1999,29(8):45-46.(in Chinese)
[12]陈军伟,马旭洲,王武,等.中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长和蜕壳与积温关系的研究.上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(5):675-683.CHEN J W, MA X Z, WANG W, et al. The study of relationships between growth, molt and accumulated temperature of the Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis).Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2016,25(5):675-683.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]邬祥光.昆虫生态学的常用数学分析方法.北京:农业出版社,1963.WU X G. Mathematical Analysis Methods Commonly Used in Insect Ecology. Beijing:Agriculture Press, 1963.(in Chinese)
[14]唐业忠,朱建国,况荣平.发育起点温度的概念和应用问题.生态学杂志,1993,12(6):70-72.TANG Y Z, ZHU J G, KUANG R P. On the conception and application of the base temperature for development.Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1993,12(6):70-72.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]李文亮,李定旭,董钧锋,等.梨小食心虫发育起点温度和有效积温研究.河南农业科学,2010,39(10):80-82.LI W L, LI D X, DONG J F, et al. The research of threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta Busck. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 39(10):80-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]陈文.粤东6种菊科植物种子萌发的生物学零度和积温.西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(4):93-98.CHEN W. The biological zero and accumulated temperature for seed germination of six Asteraceae species in eastern Guangdong. Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Science), 2016,52(4):93-98.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]夏长革,苏延明,常亚青.光棘球海胆胚胎发育生物学零度和有效积温的初步研究.水产科学,2006,25(8):379-382.XIA C G, SU Y M, CHANG Y Q. Biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature of embryonic development in sea urchin Strongylocentrous nudus. Fisheries Science, 2006,25(8):379-382.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]王战芳,崔晓东,巩海雪,等.中华锯齿米虾生物学零度及有效积温的研究.河北渔业,2014(2):10-12.WANG Z F, CUI X D, GONG H X, et al. Study on the effective accumulative temperature and biological zero degree of Neocaridina denticulate sinensis. Hebei Fisheries, 2014(2):10-12.(in Chinese)
[19]白志毅,李家乐,杨光.三角帆蚌钩介幼虫发育的生物学零度和有效积温初步研究.特产研究,2008,30(1):12-14.BAI Z Y, LI J L, YANG G. Studies on the biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature glochidia development of triangle mussel(Hyriopsis cumingii).Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research, 2008,30(1):12-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]张根芳,许式见,方爱萍.背瘤丽蚌钩介幼虫寄生变态发育和有效积温的研究.淡水渔业,2010,40(3):18-22.ZHANG G F, XU S J, FANG A P. Parasitic metamorphosis development and effective accumulated temperature of glochidia of Lamprotula leai. Freshwater Fisheries, 2010,40(3):18-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]洪万树,刘昌欣.斑节对虾幼体发育的有效积温、生物学零度和耐温实验研究.福建水产,1997(3):1-6.HONG W S, LIU C X. Study on the effective accumulative temperature, biological zero degree and tolerance of temperature of the larva in the Penaeus monodon. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 1997(3):1-6.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]农业农村部渔业渔政管理局.中国渔业统计年鉴.北京:中国农业出版社,2018:58.Fisheries and Fisheries Administration Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. China Fishery Statistics Yearbook.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2018:58.(in Chinese)
[3]黄勃,堵南山,赖伟,等.河口区甲壳动物对温度、盐度及溶解氧适应能力的研究进展.海洋科学,2000,24(1):21-22.HUANG B, DU N S, LAI W, et al. A review on the effects of water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen in estuary on Crustacean. Marine Sciences, 2000,24(1):21-22.(in Chinese)
[4]李孟仙,曾辉.合浦绒螯蟹的繁殖生物学.湛江海洋大学学报,2000,20(2):6-10.LI M X, ZENG H. Reproduction of Eriocheir hepuensis.Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University, 2000,20(2):6-10.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]于晓明,马甡,高天翔.绒螯近方蟹的生物学初步研究.中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2005,35(4):575-578.YU X M, MA S, GAO T X. A preliminary study on the biology of crab Hemigrapsus penicillatus. Periodical of Ocean University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2005,35(4):575-578.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]刘吉明.梭子蟹胚胎发育与积温关系初步分析.河北渔业,2013(7):1-2.LIU J M. Preliminary analysis of the relationship between embryonic development and accumulative temperature of Portunus trituberculatus. Hebei Fisheries, 2013(7):1-2.(in Chinese)
[7]曾朝曙,王桂忠,李少菁.锯缘青蟹胚胎发育的观察及温度影响胚胎发育的研究.福建水产,1991(1):45-50.ZENG C S, WANG G Z, LI S J. Observation on development of Scylla serrata embryos and influence of temperature on embryonic development. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 1991(1):45-50.(in Chinese)
[8] HARTNOLL R G. Growth//ABELE L G. The Biology of Crustacea. Embryology, Morphology and Genetics. New York, US:Academic Press, 1982:11-185.
[9]赵云龙,堵南山,赖伟.不同水温对中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育的影响.动物学研究,1993,14(1):49-53.ZHAO Y L, DU N S, LAI W. Effects of different gradient temperature on embryonic development of the Chinese mitten-handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis(Crustacea, Decapod).Zoological Research, 1993,14(1):49-53.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]黄晓荣,庄平,章龙珍,等.中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育及几种代谢酶活性的变化.水产学报,2011,35(2):192-199.HUANG X R, ZHUANG P, ZHANG L Z, et al. Embryonic development and the variation of some metabolism enzyme activity during embryonic development of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis). Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(2):192-199.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王博君.河蟹早繁育苗胚胎发育积温的调控.淡水渔业,1999,29(8):45-46.WANG B J. Control of total temperature of embryonic development for river crab(Eriocheir sinensis). Freshwater Fisheries, 1999,29(8):45-46.(in Chinese)
[12]陈军伟,马旭洲,王武,等.中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长和蜕壳与积温关系的研究.上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(5):675-683.CHEN J W, MA X Z, WANG W, et al. The study of relationships between growth, molt and accumulated temperature of the Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis).Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2016,25(5):675-683.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]邬祥光.昆虫生态学的常用数学分析方法.北京:农业出版社,1963.WU X G. Mathematical Analysis Methods Commonly Used in Insect Ecology. Beijing:Agriculture Press, 1963.(in Chinese)
[14]唐业忠,朱建国,况荣平.发育起点温度的概念和应用问题.生态学杂志,1993,12(6):70-72.TANG Y Z, ZHU J G, KUANG R P. On the conception and application of the base temperature for development.Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1993,12(6):70-72.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]李文亮,李定旭,董钧锋,等.梨小食心虫发育起点温度和有效积温研究.河南农业科学,2010,39(10):80-82.LI W L, LI D X, DONG J F, et al. The research of threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta Busck. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 39(10):80-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]陈文.粤东6种菊科植物种子萌发的生物学零度和积温.西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(4):93-98.CHEN W. The biological zero and accumulated temperature for seed germination of six Asteraceae species in eastern Guangdong. Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Science), 2016,52(4):93-98.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]夏长革,苏延明,常亚青.光棘球海胆胚胎发育生物学零度和有效积温的初步研究.水产科学,2006,25(8):379-382.XIA C G, SU Y M, CHANG Y Q. Biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature of embryonic development in sea urchin Strongylocentrous nudus. Fisheries Science, 2006,25(8):379-382.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]王战芳,崔晓东,巩海雪,等.中华锯齿米虾生物学零度及有效积温的研究.河北渔业,2014(2):10-12.WANG Z F, CUI X D, GONG H X, et al. Study on the effective accumulative temperature and biological zero degree of Neocaridina denticulate sinensis. Hebei Fisheries, 2014(2):10-12.(in Chinese)
[19]白志毅,李家乐,杨光.三角帆蚌钩介幼虫发育的生物学零度和有效积温初步研究.特产研究,2008,30(1):12-14.BAI Z Y, LI J L, YANG G. Studies on the biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature glochidia development of triangle mussel(Hyriopsis cumingii).Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research, 2008,30(1):12-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]张根芳,许式见,方爱萍.背瘤丽蚌钩介幼虫寄生变态发育和有效积温的研究.淡水渔业,2010,40(3):18-22.ZHANG G F, XU S J, FANG A P. Parasitic metamorphosis development and effective accumulated temperature of glochidia of Lamprotula leai. Freshwater Fisheries, 2010,40(3):18-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]洪万树,刘昌欣.斑节对虾幼体发育的有效积温、生物学零度和耐温实验研究.福建水产,1997(3):1-6.HONG W S, LIU C X. Study on the effective accumulative temperature, biological zero degree and tolerance of temperature of the larva in the Penaeus monodon. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 1997(3):1-6.(in Chinese with English abstract)