DH-I型SMFC传感器产电信号对连续多次镉污染的响应研究
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摘要
本研究考察了一种自主研发的新型沉积物微生物燃料电池传感器(命名为DH-I型SMFC传感器)产电信号对连续多次Cd~(2+)污染事件的响应特征.采用淹水土壤模拟湿地环境,将该传感器的阳极(不锈钢管)插入淹水土壤中,阴极(铂网)位于上覆水下方.分别向每个传感器阴极上方的上覆水中加入50 mL Cd~(2+)浓度为25、50、100、200 mg·L~(-1)的CdCl_2溶液,对照加入50 mL去离子水.每天早晚各加入一次Cd~(2+)污染,连续加入27 d,即每个传感器各加入53次相同浓度的CdCl_2溶液.结果表明,每次加入Cd~(2+)污染后,电压均迅速上升,在30 s内达到峰值后逐渐回落到稳定状态;并且电压增量(峰值电压与基线电压的差值)随着加入的Cd~(2+)浓度增加而升高;而相同Cd~(2+)浓度53次加入引起的电压增量具有较好的一致性.土壤产电细菌的代表类群地杆菌科(Geobacteraceae)和梭菌属(Clostridium)16S rRNA基因丰度均未随着Cd~(2+)浓度的增加而降低.针对土壤中不同形态Cd~(2+)浓度的检测结果表明,0～3 cm的表层土壤吸附了大量Cd~(2+),使得土壤中的产电细菌免受Cd~(2+)的抑制,从而该传感器产电信号能够在湿地环境中,原位在线监测多次Cd~(2+)污染.
A novel sediment microbial fuel cell(SMFC) based sensor(DH-I type SMFC sensor) was developed to study the response of electrical signals to repeated Cd~(2+) pollution. Soil was flooded with water to simulate wetland. The anode(stainless steel tube) of the sensors were inserted into the flooded soil, and the cathode(platinum mesh) was located beneath the overlying water. In five sensors, 50 ml CdCl_2 solution with 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg·L~(-1) Cd~(2+), and deionized water as control were added to the overlying water. For each sensor, CdCl_2 solution was supplemented for twice a day in consecutive 27 days, with a total of 53 times. The results show that the voltage increased rapidly with each addition of Cd~(2+) and reached a peak within 30 s, then gradually decreased to a stable state. With the increase of Cd~(2+)concentration, the voltage increments(the difference between peak voltage and baseline voltage) increased. The voltage increments were similar among every CdCl_2 addition. The 16 S rRNA gene abundance of Geobacteraceae and Clostridium, which were the representative of exoelectrogenic bacteria, did not decrease with the increase of Cd~(2+)concentration. The results of different forms of Cd~(2+) in soil show that a large amount of Cd~(2+) was adsorbed in the surface soil(0～3 cm), which protected the exoelectrogenic bacteria in soil from being inhibited by Cd~(2+). We suggest that the electrical signals of sensors could be used in situ and on line monitoring the events of heavy metal pollution in wetlands.
A novel sediment microbial fuel cell(SMFC) based sensor(DH-I type SMFC sensor) was developed to study the response of electrical signals to repeated Cd~(2+) pollution. Soil was flooded with water to simulate wetland. The anode(stainless steel tube) of the sensors were inserted into the flooded soil, and the cathode(platinum mesh) was located beneath the overlying water. In five sensors, 50 ml CdCl_2 solution with 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg·L~(-1) Cd~(2+), and deionized water as control were added to the overlying water. For each sensor, CdCl_2 solution was supplemented for twice a day in consecutive 27 days, with a total of 53 times. The results show that the voltage increased rapidly with each addition of Cd~(2+) and reached a peak within 30 s, then gradually decreased to a stable state. With the increase of Cd~(2+)concentration, the voltage increments(the difference between peak voltage and baseline voltage) increased. The voltage increments were similar among every CdCl_2 addition. The 16 S rRNA gene abundance of Geobacteraceae and Clostridium, which were the representative of exoelectrogenic bacteria, did not decrease with the increase of Cd~(2+)concentration. The results of different forms of Cd~(2+) in soil show that a large amount of Cd~(2+) was adsorbed in the surface soil(0～3 cm), which protected the exoelectrogenic bacteria in soil from being inhibited by Cd~(2+). We suggest that the electrical signals of sensors could be used in situ and on line monitoring the events of heavy metal pollution in wetlands.
引文
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Xian X.1989.Effect of chemical forms of cadmium,zinc,and lead in polluted soils on their uptake by cabbage plants [J].Plant and Soil,113(2):257-264
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Brayner F M,Silva H K D,Barbosa A M.2001.Speciation of heavy metals in estuarine sediments in the northeast of Brazil [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,8(4):269-274
Burkhardt E M,Bischoff S,Akob D M,et al.2011.Heavy metal tolerance of Fe(III)-reducing microbial communities in contaminated creek bank soils.[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,77(9):3132-3136
Cummings D E,Lovley D R.2003.Diversity of geobacteraceae species inhabiting metal-polluted freshwater lake sediments ascertained by 16S rDNA analyses [J].Microbial Ecology,46(2):257-269
Deng H,Wu Y C,Zhang F,et al.2014.Factors affecting the performance of single-chamber soil microbial fuel cells for power generation [J].Pedosphere,24:330-338
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Gadd G M,Griffiths A J.1977.Microorganisms and heavy metal toxicity [J].Microbial Ecology,4(4):303-317
Hu S,Wu Y,Yi N,et al.2017.Chemical properties of dissolved organic matter derived from sugarcane rind and the impacts on copper adsorption onto red soil [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,24(26):1-11
Jiang Y,Liang P,Liu P,et al.2017.A novel microbial fuel cell sensor with biocathode sensing element [J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,94:344-350
Kim M,Hyun M S,Gadd G M,et al.2007.A novel biomonitoring system using microbial fuel cells [J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,9:1323-1328
Li T,Wang X,Zhou L,et al.2016.Bioelectrochemical sensor using living biofilm to in situ evaluate flocculant toxicity [J].ACS Sensors,1(11):1374-1379
刘静,马克明,曲来叶.2018.湛江红树林湿地水体重金属污染评价及来源分析[J].水生态学杂志,39(1):3-31
Schiliro T,Tommasi T,Armato C,et al.2016.The study of electrochemically active planktonic microbes in microbial fuel cells in relation to different carbon-based anode materials [J].Energy,106:277-284
Shen Y J,Lefebvre O,Tan Z,et al.2012.Microbial fuel-cell-based toxicity sensor for fast monitoring of acidic toxicity [J].Water Science and Technology,65:1223-1228
Stein N E,Hamelers H M V,van Straten G,et al.2012.On-line detection of toxic components using a microbial fuel cell-based biosensor [J].Journal of Process Control,22:1755-1761
Tessier A.1979.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals [J].Analytical Chemistry,51(7):844-85l
Wu Q H,Zhou H C,Tam N F Y,et al.2016.Contamination,toxicity and speciation of heavy metals in an industrialized urban river:Implications for the dispersal of heavy metals [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,104(1/2):153-161
Wu S S,Deng H,Han C,et al.2018.A novel sediment microbial fuel cell based sensor for on-line and in situ monitoring copper shock in water [J].Electroanalysis,30:1-9
Wang Y Y,Ni Z H,Yu T,et al.2008.Raman studies of monolayer graphene:The substrate effect [J].Journal of Physical Chemistry C,112(29):10637-10640
Xian X.1989.Effect of chemical forms of cadmium,zinc,and lead in polluted soils on their uptake by cabbage plants [J].Plant and Soil,113(2):257-264
Xu Z H,Liu B C,Dong Q C,et al.2015.Flat microliter membrane-based microbial fuel cell as “on-line sticker sensor” for self-supported in situ monitoring of wastewater shocks [J].Bioresource Technology,197:244-251
Zhou T Y,Han H W,Liu P,et al.2017.Microbial fuels cell-based biosensor for toxicity detection:A review [J].Sensors,17:2230