混种牛膝菊嫁接后代对树番茄幼苗镉积累的影响
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摘要
以树番茄幼苗和镉超富集植物牛膝菊嫁接后代(砧木:牛膝菊、豨莶、鬼针草和万寿菊,实生后代,依次记为:S_G、S_S、S_B、S_T及S_N)为材料,采用盆栽试验,将树番茄幼苗分别与牛膝菊不同砧木嫁接后代及其实生后代混种于镉污染的土壤上,研究了混种牛膝菊嫁接后代对树番茄幼苗镉积累的影响,以期筛选出既能有效促进树番茄幼苗生长又能降低其镉含量的混种模式。结果表明:与牛膝菊后代混种均显著提高了树番茄幼苗根系、茎秆、叶片的生物量及其光合色素含量。其中,混种S_B对树番茄幼苗生长的促进作用最显著,其总生物量较树番茄幼苗单种提高了312.48%。对树番茄幼苗的镉含量而言,混种牛膝菊嫁接后代(S_G、S_S、S_B、S_T)使树番茄幼苗各器官的镉含量均显著低于其混种牛膝菊实生后代(S_N)及树番茄单种。混种S_B使树番茄幼苗根系、茎秆、叶片的镉含量均达到最低,分别较单种降低了46.30%、36.68%和22.10%。对牛膝菊后代而言,S_N根及地上部分的生物量均显著高于其它牛膝菊嫁接后代,而S_N各器官的镉含量在所有处理中均达到最低。因此,混种牛膝菊嫁接后代能够促进树番茄幼苗的生长,并降低树番茄的镉含量,其中以S_B混种树番茄幼苗效果最佳。
In order to screen out the intercropping mode which could effectively promote the growth of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings and reduce its cadmium content under cadmium stress,the fruit tree C.betacea seedlings and cadmium hyperaccumualtor plant Galinsoga parviflora were used in the pot experiment,and the effects of intercropping with the post-grafting generations of Galinsoga parviflora(the rootstocks of G.parviflora,Siegesbeckia orientalis,Bidens pilosa and Tagetes erecta,and ungrafted,which marked as S_G,S_S,S_B,S_T and S_N) on cadmium accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings were studied.The results showed that intercropping with generations of G. parviflora not only significantly increased the roots,stems and leaves biomasses of C.betacea seedlings,but also increased the photosynthetic pigment contents in that.Among them,intercropping with S_B had the most significant effect on the growth of C.betacea seedlings,and the total biomass increased by 312.48%,compared with the monoculture.For the cadmium content in C.betacea seedlings,intercropping with post-grafting generations of G. parviflora(S_G,S_S,S_B and S_T) was significantly lower than those of intercropping with S_N and the monoculture of C.betacea seedlings.Intercropping with S_B had the lowest cadmium content in roots,stems and leaves of C.betacea seedlings,which decreased by 46.30%,36.68%,and 22.10%,respectively,compared with the monoculture.For the post generations of G.parviflora,the roots and shoots biomasses of S_N were significantly higher than those of other post-grafting generations of G.parviflora,but the cadmium content in S_N reached the lowest in all treatments.Therefore,intercropping with post-grafting generations of G.parviflora could promote the growth of C.betacea seedlings and decrease the cadmium content in C.betacea seedlings,and the best effect was SBintercropping with C.betacea seedlings.
In order to screen out the intercropping mode which could effectively promote the growth of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings and reduce its cadmium content under cadmium stress,the fruit tree C.betacea seedlings and cadmium hyperaccumualtor plant Galinsoga parviflora were used in the pot experiment,and the effects of intercropping with the post-grafting generations of Galinsoga parviflora(the rootstocks of G.parviflora,Siegesbeckia orientalis,Bidens pilosa and Tagetes erecta,and ungrafted,which marked as S_G,S_S,S_B,S_T and S_N) on cadmium accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings were studied.The results showed that intercropping with generations of G. parviflora not only significantly increased the roots,stems and leaves biomasses of C.betacea seedlings,but also increased the photosynthetic pigment contents in that.Among them,intercropping with S_B had the most significant effect on the growth of C.betacea seedlings,and the total biomass increased by 312.48%,compared with the monoculture.For the cadmium content in C.betacea seedlings,intercropping with post-grafting generations of G. parviflora(S_G,S_S,S_B and S_T) was significantly lower than those of intercropping with S_N and the monoculture of C.betacea seedlings.Intercropping with S_B had the lowest cadmium content in roots,stems and leaves of C.betacea seedlings,which decreased by 46.30%,36.68%,and 22.10%,respectively,compared with the monoculture.For the post generations of G.parviflora,the roots and shoots biomasses of S_N were significantly higher than those of other post-grafting generations of G.parviflora,but the cadmium content in S_N reached the lowest in all treatments.Therefore,intercropping with post-grafting generations of G.parviflora could promote the growth of C.betacea seedlings and decrease the cadmium content in C.betacea seedlings,and the best effect was SBintercropping with C.betacea seedlings.
引文
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[7] SHARMA P,PANDEY S.Status of phytoremediation in world scenario[J].International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Biodegradation,2014,2(4):178-191.
[8] 秦丽,湛方栋,祖艳群,等.土荆芥和蚕豆/玉米间作系统中Pb、Cd、Zn的累积特征研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2017,32(1):153-160.
[9] 于保港,秦丽,湛方栋,等.间作对莎草与蚕豆体内铅镉锌化学形态分布的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(4):621-631.
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[11] 王京文,蔡梅,郑洁敏,等.丝瓜与伴矿景天间作对土壤Cd形态及丝瓜Cd吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(12):2292-2298.
[12] 陈贵林,乜兰春.蔬菜嫁接栽培实用技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2004:1-10.
[13] 林立金,罗丽,张潇,等.油菜砧木对荠菜嫁接后代镉积累的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(1):207-212.
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[15] ZHANG S,LIN H,DENG L,et al.Cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics of Siegesbeckia orientalis L.[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,51(2):133-139.
[16] SUN Y,ZHOU Q,WANG L,et al.Cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics of Bidens pilosa L.as a potential Cd-hyperaccumulator[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,161(2/3):808-814.
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[18] WU R,WANG X R,LIN Y,et al.Inter-species grafting caused extensive and heritable alterations of DNA methylation in Solanaceae plants[J].PLoS One,2013,8(4):e61995.
[19] 植爽,吴钰祥,王玉杰,等.树番茄高频再生体系的建立[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(23):5880-5883.
[20] 杨代宇.混种两种生态型少花龙葵杂交F1代对树番茄幼苗镉积累的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2016:1-50.
[21] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:130-134.
[22] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:373.
[23] RASTMANESH F,MOORE F,KESHAVARZI B.Speciation and phytoavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils in Sarcheshmeh area,Kerman Province,Iran[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology,2010,85:515-519.
[24] 刘一鸣,杨智仙,董艳.对羟基苯甲酸胁迫下间作对蚕豆枯萎病发生和根系抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(5):987-995.
[25] 张绪成,王红丽,于显枫,等.半干旱区全膜覆盖垄沟间作种植马铃薯和豆科作物的水热及产量效应[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(3):468-481.
[26] 吴凤芝,周新刚.不同作物间作对黄瓜病害及土壤微生物群落多样性的影响[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):899-906.
[27] 高砚亮,孙占祥,白伟,等.玉米花生间作效应研究进展[J].辽宁农业科学,2016(1):41-46.
[28] 张建华,马义勇,王振南,等.间作系统中玉米光合作用指标改善的研究[J].玉米科学,2006,14(4):104-106.
[29] 闫庆祥,魏云霞,黄洁,等.木薯/大豆不同间作模式对木薯光合生理特性、产量的影响研究[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(12):10-15.
[30] 向午燕,孙占祥,冯良山,等.玉米花生间作作物光合生理响应机制[J].辽宁农业科学,2017(5):44-47.
[31] 申建波,张福锁.根分泌物的生态效应[J].中国农业科技导报,1999,1(4):21-27.
[32] 沈宏,严小龙.根分泌物研究现状及其在农业与环境领域的应用[J].农村生态环境,2000,16(3):51-54.
[33] 常学秀,段昌群,王焕校.根分泌作用与植物对金属毒害的抗性[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):315-320.
[34] MENCH M,MOREL J L,GUCKERT A,et al.Metal binding with root exudates of low molecular weight[J].Journal of Soil Science,1988,39(4):521-527.
[35] 林立金,罗丽,杨代宇,等.混种富集植物对牛膝菊镉积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):319-324.
[36] LU Q Y,LI J H,CHEN F B,et al.Effects of mutual intercropping on the cadmium accumulation in accumulator plants Stellaria media,Malachium aquaticum,and Galium aparine[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2017,189(12):622-632.
[37] TANG Y,HE J,YU X N,et al.Intercropping with Solanum nigrum and Solanum photeinocarpum from two ecoclimatic regions promotes growth and reduces cadmium uptake of eggplant seedlings[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(3):638-644.
[38] 谭建波,陈兴,郭先华,等.续断菊与玉米间作系统不同植物部位Cd、Pb分配特征[J].生态环境学报,2015(4):700-707.
[39] 杨仁斌,曾清如,周细红,等.植物根系分泌物对铅锌尾矿污染土壤中重金属的活化效应[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(3):152-155.
[40] 王占峰,黄科文,练华山,等.凤仙花嫁接后代的镉积累特性[J].北方园艺,2018(7):66-71.
[2] 陈能场,郑煜基,何晓峰,等.《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》探析[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(9):1689-1692.
[3] 李志涛,王夏晖,刘瑞平,等.耕地土壤镉污染管控对策研究[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(2):21-23.
[4] 张金彪,黄维南.镉对植物的生理生态效应的研究进展[J].生态学报,2000,20(3):514-523.
[5] 张金彪,黄维南.镉胁迫对草莓光合的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(7):1673-1676.
[6] 黄冬芬,王志琴,刘立军,等.镉对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(1):19-24.
[7] SHARMA P,PANDEY S.Status of phytoremediation in world scenario[J].International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Biodegradation,2014,2(4):178-191.
[8] 秦丽,湛方栋,祖艳群,等.土荆芥和蚕豆/玉米间作系统中Pb、Cd、Zn的累积特征研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2017,32(1):153-160.
[9] 于保港,秦丽,湛方栋,等.间作对莎草与蚕豆体内铅镉锌化学形态分布的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(4):621-631.
[10] 赵颖,刘利军,党晋华,等.不同植物与玉米间作对玉米吸收多环芳烃和重金属的影响[J].环境工程,2014,32(7):138-141.
[11] 王京文,蔡梅,郑洁敏,等.丝瓜与伴矿景天间作对土壤Cd形态及丝瓜Cd吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(12):2292-2298.
[12] 陈贵林,乜兰春.蔬菜嫁接栽培实用技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2004:1-10.
[13] 林立金,罗丽,张潇,等.油菜砧木对荠菜嫁接后代镉积累的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(1):207-212.
[14] LIN L J,JIN Q,LIU Y,et al.Screening of a new cadmium hyperaccumulator,Galinsoga parviflora,from winter farmland weeds using the artificially high soil cadmium concentration method[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2014,33(11):2422-2428.
[15] ZHANG S,LIN H,DENG L,et al.Cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics of Siegesbeckia orientalis L.[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,51(2):133-139.
[16] SUN Y,ZHOU Q,WANG L,et al.Cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics of Bidens pilosa L.as a potential Cd-hyperaccumulator[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,161(2/3):808-814.
[17] WEI J L,LAI H Y,CHEN Z S.Chelator effects on bioconcentration and translocation of cadmium by hyperaccumulators,Tagetes patula,and Impatiens walleriana[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,84:173-178.
[18] WU R,WANG X R,LIN Y,et al.Inter-species grafting caused extensive and heritable alterations of DNA methylation in Solanaceae plants[J].PLoS One,2013,8(4):e61995.
[19] 植爽,吴钰祥,王玉杰,等.树番茄高频再生体系的建立[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(23):5880-5883.
[20] 杨代宇.混种两种生态型少花龙葵杂交F1代对树番茄幼苗镉积累的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2016:1-50.
[21] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:130-134.
[22] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:373.
[23] RASTMANESH F,MOORE F,KESHAVARZI B.Speciation and phytoavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils in Sarcheshmeh area,Kerman Province,Iran[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology,2010,85:515-519.
[24] 刘一鸣,杨智仙,董艳.对羟基苯甲酸胁迫下间作对蚕豆枯萎病发生和根系抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(5):987-995.
[25] 张绪成,王红丽,于显枫,等.半干旱区全膜覆盖垄沟间作种植马铃薯和豆科作物的水热及产量效应[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(3):468-481.
[26] 吴凤芝,周新刚.不同作物间作对黄瓜病害及土壤微生物群落多样性的影响[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):899-906.
[27] 高砚亮,孙占祥,白伟,等.玉米花生间作效应研究进展[J].辽宁农业科学,2016(1):41-46.
[28] 张建华,马义勇,王振南,等.间作系统中玉米光合作用指标改善的研究[J].玉米科学,2006,14(4):104-106.
[29] 闫庆祥,魏云霞,黄洁,等.木薯/大豆不同间作模式对木薯光合生理特性、产量的影响研究[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(12):10-15.
[30] 向午燕,孙占祥,冯良山,等.玉米花生间作作物光合生理响应机制[J].辽宁农业科学,2017(5):44-47.
[31] 申建波,张福锁.根分泌物的生态效应[J].中国农业科技导报,1999,1(4):21-27.
[32] 沈宏,严小龙.根分泌物研究现状及其在农业与环境领域的应用[J].农村生态环境,2000,16(3):51-54.
[33] 常学秀,段昌群,王焕校.根分泌作用与植物对金属毒害的抗性[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):315-320.
[34] MENCH M,MOREL J L,GUCKERT A,et al.Metal binding with root exudates of low molecular weight[J].Journal of Soil Science,1988,39(4):521-527.
[35] 林立金,罗丽,杨代宇,等.混种富集植物对牛膝菊镉积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):319-324.
[36] LU Q Y,LI J H,CHEN F B,et al.Effects of mutual intercropping on the cadmium accumulation in accumulator plants Stellaria media,Malachium aquaticum,and Galium aparine[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2017,189(12):622-632.
[37] TANG Y,HE J,YU X N,et al.Intercropping with Solanum nigrum and Solanum photeinocarpum from two ecoclimatic regions promotes growth and reduces cadmium uptake of eggplant seedlings[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(3):638-644.
[38] 谭建波,陈兴,郭先华,等.续断菊与玉米间作系统不同植物部位Cd、Pb分配特征[J].生态环境学报,2015(4):700-707.
[39] 杨仁斌,曾清如,周细红,等.植物根系分泌物对铅锌尾矿污染土壤中重金属的活化效应[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(3):152-155.
[40] 王占峰,黄科文,练华山,等.凤仙花嫁接后代的镉积累特性[J].北方园艺,2018(7):66-71.