历史制度主义视角下的乡村生态治理观察
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摘要
环境问题由来已久,乡村环境制度屡经调整。制度的构建要从历史情境和现实境况中寻找根据。从乡村环境应对的历史脉络看,乡村环境应对受到宏大历史情境、政策影响变量及相关主体之间的博弈约束等三个维度的影响。正是在多种结构性因素的共同作用下,环境应对才实现了制度变迁。乡村环境应对具有路径依赖和渐进转型的特征,在应对过程中存在着关键节点和断续平衡,乡村环境应对需打破当前的历史否决点,构建乡村生态专项制度体系,健全乡村环境保护问责机制,从而实现乡村环境保护制度创新。
Environmental problems have a long history, and the rural environmental system has been adjusted repeatedly. The construction of system should be based on historical and realistic situations. From the historical evolution of rural environmental responses, they are affected by factors in three dimensions: grand historical situation, policy variables and game constraints between relevant parties. It is under the joint action of various structural factors that environmental response has realized institutional change. Rural environmental responses have the characteristics of path dependence and gradual transformation. There are key links and intermittent balance in the process of response. For better rural environmental responses, we need to break the current "historical failure point", build a special system of rural ecology, and improve the accountability mechanism of rural environmental protection, so as to realize the innovation of rural environmental protection system.
Environmental problems have a long history, and the rural environmental system has been adjusted repeatedly. The construction of system should be based on historical and realistic situations. From the historical evolution of rural environmental responses, they are affected by factors in three dimensions: grand historical situation, policy variables and game constraints between relevant parties. It is under the joint action of various structural factors that environmental response has realized institutional change. Rural environmental responses have the characteristics of path dependence and gradual transformation. There are key links and intermittent balance in the process of response. For better rural environmental responses, we need to break the current "historical failure point", build a special system of rural ecology, and improve the accountability mechanism of rural environmental protection, so as to realize the innovation of rural environmental protection system.
引文
[1]何俊志:《结构、历史与行为——历史制度主义对政治科学的重构》,上海:复旦大学出版社,2004年,第29页。
[2]Immergut,Ellen.,The Theoretical Core of the New Institutionalism, Politics and Society, 1998.
[3]江帆:《东盟安全共同体变迁规律研究》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2013年,第106页。
[4]王晨光:《路径依赖、关键节点与北极理事会的制度变迁——基于历史制度主义的分析》,《外交评论》,2018年第4期,第54~80页。
[5][美]詹姆斯·G·马奇、[挪威]约翰·奥尔森:《重新发现制度:政治的组织基础》,张伟译,上海:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2011年,第168页。
[6]王西琴等:《我国乡村环境政策变迁:回顾、挑战与展望》,《现代管理科学》,2015年第10期,第28~30页。
[7]刘圣中:《历史制度主义:制度变迁的比较历史研究》,上海人民出版社,2010年,第126页。
[8][美]保罗·皮尔逊、瑟达·斯考克波尔:《当代政治科学中的历史制度主义》,转引自何俊志、任军锋、朱德米编译:《新制度主义政治学译文精选》,天津人民出版社,2007年,第186页。
[9]张咏、郝英群:《乡村环境保护》,北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003年,第24页。
[2]Immergut,Ellen.,The Theoretical Core of the New Institutionalism, Politics and Society, 1998.
[3]江帆:《东盟安全共同体变迁规律研究》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2013年,第106页。
[4]王晨光:《路径依赖、关键节点与北极理事会的制度变迁——基于历史制度主义的分析》,《外交评论》,2018年第4期,第54~80页。
[5][美]詹姆斯·G·马奇、[挪威]约翰·奥尔森:《重新发现制度:政治的组织基础》,张伟译,上海:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2011年,第168页。
[6]王西琴等:《我国乡村环境政策变迁:回顾、挑战与展望》,《现代管理科学》,2015年第10期,第28~30页。
[7]刘圣中:《历史制度主义:制度变迁的比较历史研究》,上海人民出版社,2010年,第126页。
[8][美]保罗·皮尔逊、瑟达·斯考克波尔:《当代政治科学中的历史制度主义》,转引自何俊志、任军锋、朱德米编译:《新制度主义政治学译文精选》,天津人民出版社,2007年,第186页。
[9]张咏、郝英群:《乡村环境保护》,北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003年,第24页。