乌梁素海冻融前后浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因素分析
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摘要
湖泊冰封期前后水生态环境发生了巨大变化,浮游植物群落结构特征也不例外。以往对冰封期湖泊水体在冻融前后浮游植物群落特征研究鲜见报道,为探明冰封期前后湖泊水体浮游植物群落特征及其影响因素,以乌梁素海湖区为研究对象,布置12个采样点,于2016年湖泊水体结冰前的10月、11月、2017年冰封期1月和融冰后的4月和5月采集冰样和水样,分析冰封期前后该湖区浮游植物群落时空分布及其变化情况,同时利用冗余分析法(RDA)分析了浮游植物物种与环境因子的关系。结果表明,调查期间观察到的浮游植物共计6门69属120种,种类组成以硅藻为主。浮游植物种群结构结冰前蓝藻占优势;随着冰封期的到来,蓝藻占比渐少,硅藻占比渐多;融冰后蓝藻占比渐多,硅藻占比渐少。乌梁素海冰封期前后月份南部明水区浮游植物聚集,冰封期1月湖区北部入湖口附近浮游植物丰度较高。根据优势种指示情况可知,乌梁素海冻融前后水体处于富营养化状态;丰富度指数反映水体总体污染状况较轻,均匀度指数反映浮游植物分布整体较为均匀稳定;冰封期1月水体浮游植物硅藻门占比很大,群落结构相对简单。RDA排序揭示氨氮(NH_4~+-N)、总磷(TP)、温度(t)、总溶解性固体(TDS)、溶解氧(DO)和透明度(SD)为影响乌梁素海水体冻融前后浮游植物物种分布格局的主要环境因子。研究结果可为寒区湖泊浮游植物结构特征变化机理研究提供依据。
Great changes have taken place in the aquatic environment before and after the ice-blocked period of the lake, including the characteristics of phytoplankton community structure. In the past, studies on the characteristics of phytoplankton communities in lake waters before and after freezing and thawing were rarely reported. In order to clarify the mechanism of phytoplankton impacts on the lake water before and after the ice-freezing period, ice and water samples were collected from 12 sampling sites in Wuliangsuhai Lake area in October, November 2016 and January, April and May 2017, the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community and its changes were investigated during the period, At the same time, the relationship between phytoplankton species and environmental factors was analyzed by redundancy analysis(RDA). The results showed that a total of 6 phyla, 69 genera and 120 species of phytoplankton were observed during the investigation in Wuliangsuhai, the species composition was mainly Bacillariophyta. The phytoplankton population structure predominated with Cyanobacteria before and after freezing and thawing. With the arrival of the ice-sealing period, the proportion of Cyanobacteria decreased, and the proportion of Bacillariophyta increased. After the ice-sealing period, the proportion of Cyanobacteria increased, and the proportion of Bacillariophyta gradually decreased. The phytoplankton in the southern Mingshui area was clustered before and after the ice-sealing period in Wuliangsuhai. Individual density of phytoplankton in the ice-freezing period was higher near the lake entrance in the northern part of the lake. According to the indications of dominant species, the water body was eutrophic before and after freezing and thawing in Wuliangsuhai; The Margalef index reflected that the overall pollution situation of the water body was light,and the Pielou index reflected the overall uniformity and stability of phytoplankton distribution. In the ice-freezing period, the population of Bacillariophyta was dominant, and the community structure was relatively simple. The RDA ranking showed that NH_4~+-N, TP, t, TDS, DO and SD were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution pattern of phytoplankton community before and after freezing and thawing in Wuliangsu. The results can provide a basis for the study on the mechanism of phytoplankton structural characteristics change in cold lakes.
Great changes have taken place in the aquatic environment before and after the ice-blocked period of the lake, including the characteristics of phytoplankton community structure. In the past, studies on the characteristics of phytoplankton communities in lake waters before and after freezing and thawing were rarely reported. In order to clarify the mechanism of phytoplankton impacts on the lake water before and after the ice-freezing period, ice and water samples were collected from 12 sampling sites in Wuliangsuhai Lake area in October, November 2016 and January, April and May 2017, the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community and its changes were investigated during the period, At the same time, the relationship between phytoplankton species and environmental factors was analyzed by redundancy analysis(RDA). The results showed that a total of 6 phyla, 69 genera and 120 species of phytoplankton were observed during the investigation in Wuliangsuhai, the species composition was mainly Bacillariophyta. The phytoplankton population structure predominated with Cyanobacteria before and after freezing and thawing. With the arrival of the ice-sealing period, the proportion of Cyanobacteria decreased, and the proportion of Bacillariophyta increased. After the ice-sealing period, the proportion of Cyanobacteria increased, and the proportion of Bacillariophyta gradually decreased. The phytoplankton in the southern Mingshui area was clustered before and after the ice-sealing period in Wuliangsuhai. Individual density of phytoplankton in the ice-freezing period was higher near the lake entrance in the northern part of the lake. According to the indications of dominant species, the water body was eutrophic before and after freezing and thawing in Wuliangsuhai; The Margalef index reflected that the overall pollution situation of the water body was light,and the Pielou index reflected the overall uniformity and stability of phytoplankton distribution. In the ice-freezing period, the population of Bacillariophyta was dominant, and the community structure was relatively simple. The RDA ranking showed that NH_4~+-N, TP, t, TDS, DO and SD were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution pattern of phytoplankton community before and after freezing and thawing in Wuliangsu. The results can provide a basis for the study on the mechanism of phytoplankton structural characteristics change in cold lakes.
引文
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郭沛涌,林育真,李玉仙,1997.东平湖浮游植物与水质评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,19(4):37-42.GUO P Y,LIN Y Z,LI Y X,1997.Study on phytoplankton and evaluation of water quality on Dongping Lake[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,19(4):37-42.
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韩博平,林旭钿,李铁,2003.广东省大中型水库富营养化现状与防治对策研究[M].北京:科学出版社:7-8.HAN B P,LIN X D,LI T,2003.Study on eutrophication status and control strategies of large and medium-sized reservoirs in Guangdong province[M].Beijing:Science Press:88-284.
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胡鸿钧,魏印心,2006.中国淡水藻类-系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社:23-903.HU H J,WEI Y X,2006.Chinese freshwater algae-systems,classification and ecology[M].Beijing:Science Press:23-903.
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况琪军,马沛明,胡征宇,等,2005.湖泊富营养化的藻类生物学评价与治理研究进展[J].安全与环境学报,5(2):87-91.KUANG Q J,MA P M,HU Z Y,et al.,2005.Study on the evaluation and treatment of lakeeutrophication by means of algae biology[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,5(2):87-91.
雷沛,张洪,单保庆,2011.丹江口水库典型入库支流氮磷动态特征研究[J].环境科学,22(6):3038-3045.LEI P,ZHANG H,SHAN B Q,2011.Dynamic characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the representative inputtributaries of Danjiangkou reservoir[J].Environmental Science,22(6):3038-3045.
李兴,李建茹,徐效清,等,2015,乌梁素海浮游植物功能群季节演替规律及影响因子[J].生态环境学报,24(10):1668-1675.LI X,LI J R,XU X Q,et al.,2015.Seasonal Succession of Phytoplankton Functional Groups and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors in Wuliangsuhai Lake[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,24(10):1668-1675.
李畅游,史小红,2014.乌梁素海沉积物环境地球化学特征研究[M].北京:科学出版社:12-13.LI C Y,SHI X H,2014.Study on Environmental Geochemical Characteristics of Sediments in Wuliangsu Lake[M].Beijing:Science Press:12-13.
李德亮,张婷,肖调义,等,2012.大通湖浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子关系[J].应用生态学报,23(8):2107-2113.LI D L,ZhANG T,XIAO D Y,et al.,2012.Phytoplankton’s community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in anaquaculture lake Datong Lake of China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,23(8):2107-2113.
李红,马燕武,祁峰,等,2014.博斯腾湖浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因子分析[J].水生生物学报,38(5):921-928.LI H,MA Y W,QI F,et al.,2014.Phytoplankton in Bosten Lake:Community characteristics and driving factors[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,38(5):921-928.
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