长江三峡库区木鱼包滑坡地表变形规律分析
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摘要
三峡库区木鱼包滑坡自2006年实施专业监测以来,一直持续变形,对三峡大坝工程和长江航道造成巨大威胁。通过多次野外地质调查资料、长期现场巡查、人工GPS位移监测数据、近1年的全自动监测数据等,深入分析该滑坡在库水涨落及降雨条件下的变形特征、演化规律及变形机制。结果表明,滑坡坡体结构、岩性及地质构造等地质因素控制了木鱼包滑坡的变形,库水位是主要的驱动因素。库水位上升过程中,库水位由145 m升到155 m左右,月位移量为最小值;动水压力向坡内,滑坡变形最小;库水位155 m上升至175 m期间,库水入渗前部坡体,对滑坡前部抗滑段形成浮托减重效应,变形有所增加。库水位由175 m下降到170 m左右,累积位移形成阶跃,坡受向坡外动水压力和浮托减重效应作用,月位移达最大值。库水位由170 m降到145 m期间,浮托减重效应作用减小,月位移量降低。目前,木鱼包滑坡变形趋势减小,产生大规模滑动的可能性较小,但须进一步加强监测和机制研究。
The results of professional monitoring implemented in 2006 shows the Muyubao landslide in Three Gorges reservoir area has been continuously deformed, which brings a huge threat to the Three Gorges Dam Project and the Yangtze River Channel.Qualitative analysis indicates that the reservoir water level plays a key role in the surface deformation of the landslide. Through many field geological survey data, long-term on-site inspection, artificial GPS displacement monitoring data, and automatic monitoring data for nearly one year, the deformation characteristics, evolution law and deformation mechanism of the landslide under reservoir water fluctuation and rainfall conditions are analysed in depth. The results show that the geological factors such as landslide slope structure,lithology and geological structure control the deformation of Muyubao landslide, and the reservoir water level is the main driving factor. During the rise of the reservoir water level, when the reservoir water level rises from 145 m to 155 m, the monthly displacement is the minimum; when the hydrodynamic pressure is towards inside slope, the landslide deformation is the smallest;when the reservoir water level rises from 155 m to 175 m, the reservoir water infiltrates the front slope, which leads to form a floating weight-reducing effect on the anti-sliding section in front of the landslide and increases the deformation. When the reservoir water level reduces from 175 m to 170 m, the monthly displacement reaches the maximum value and the cumulative displacement forms a step, which is affected by the dynamic water pressure and the floating weight loss effect of the slope. When the reservoir water level decreases from 170 m to 145 m, the floating weight loss effect is reduced and the monthly displacement is reduced. At present, the deformation trend of the Muyubao landslide is less, and the possibility of large-scale sliding is smaller, but the monitoring and mechanism research must be further strengthened.
The results of professional monitoring implemented in 2006 shows the Muyubao landslide in Three Gorges reservoir area has been continuously deformed, which brings a huge threat to the Three Gorges Dam Project and the Yangtze River Channel.Qualitative analysis indicates that the reservoir water level plays a key role in the surface deformation of the landslide. Through many field geological survey data, long-term on-site inspection, artificial GPS displacement monitoring data, and automatic monitoring data for nearly one year, the deformation characteristics, evolution law and deformation mechanism of the landslide under reservoir water fluctuation and rainfall conditions are analysed in depth. The results show that the geological factors such as landslide slope structure,lithology and geological structure control the deformation of Muyubao landslide, and the reservoir water level is the main driving factor. During the rise of the reservoir water level, when the reservoir water level rises from 145 m to 155 m, the monthly displacement is the minimum; when the hydrodynamic pressure is towards inside slope, the landslide deformation is the smallest;when the reservoir water level rises from 155 m to 175 m, the reservoir water infiltrates the front slope, which leads to form a floating weight-reducing effect on the anti-sliding section in front of the landslide and increases the deformation. When the reservoir water level reduces from 175 m to 170 m, the monthly displacement reaches the maximum value and the cumulative displacement forms a step, which is affected by the dynamic water pressure and the floating weight loss effect of the slope. When the reservoir water level decreases from 170 m to 145 m, the floating weight loss effect is reduced and the monthly displacement is reduced. At present, the deformation trend of the Muyubao landslide is less, and the possibility of large-scale sliding is smaller, but the monitoring and mechanism research must be further strengthened.
引文
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[14]地质矿产部编写组.长江三峡工程库岸稳定性研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.Research Group of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources.Study on the stability of the bank of the Three Gorges Project[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988.
[15]时卫民,郑颖人.库水位下降情况下滑坡的稳定性分析[J].水利学报,2004,3(3):76-80.SHI Wei-min,ZHENG Ying-ren.Analysis on stability of landslide during reservoir drawdown[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,3(3):76-80.
[2]肖诗荣,卢树胜,管宏飞,等.三峡库区凉水井滑坡地质力学模型研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(12):3534-3542.XIAO Shi-rong,LU Shu-sheng,GUAN Hong-fei,et al.Study of geomechanical model of Liangshuijing landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(12):3534-3542.
[3]卢书强,易庆林,易武,等.库水下降作用下滑坡动态变形机制分析:以三峡库区白水河滑坡为例[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(5):869-875.LU Shu-qiang,YI Qing-lin,YI Wu,et al.Analysis of dynamic deformation mechanism of sliding slope with reservoir water decline:taking baishuihe landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir Area as an example[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(5):869-875.
[4]贺可强,王荣鲁,李新志,等.堆积层滑坡的地下水加卸载动力作用规律及其位移动力学预测--以三峡库区八字门滑坡分析为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1644-1651.HE Ke-qiang,WANG Rong-lu,LI Xin-zhi,et al.Load-unload dynamic law of groundwater level and dynamic displacement prediction of debris landslide-a case study of bazimen landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1644-1651.
[5]WANG F W,ZHANG Y M,HUOZ T,et al.The July 14,2003 Qianjiangping landslide,Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Landslides,2004,1(2):157-162.
[6]肖诗荣,刘德富,胡志宇.三峡库区千将坪滑坡地质力学模型研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1459-1464.XIAO Shi-rong,LIU De-fu,HU Zhi-yu.Study on geomechanical model of Qianjiangping landslide,Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(7):1459-1464.
[7]范景辉,邱阔天,夏耶,等.三峡库区范家坪滑坡地表形变In SAR监测与综合分析[J].地质通报,2017,36(9):1665-1673.FAN Jing-hui,QIU Kuo-tian,XIA Ye,et al.In SARmonitoring and synthetic analysis of the surface deformation of Fanjiaping landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2017,36(9):1665-1673.
[8]许霄霄.三峡库区秭归-巴东段顺层滑坡变形规律研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2013.XU Xiao-xiao.The deformation rule study of bedding landslide in the area from zigui to badong segment of the three gorges reservoir area[D].Wuhan:China University of Geoscience,2013.
[9]张倬元,王士天,王兰生,等.工程地质分析原理[M].3版.北京:地质出版社,2009:367-380.ZHANG Zhuo-yuan,WANG Shi-tian,WANG Lan-sheng,et al.Principles of engineering geology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009:367-380.
[10]许强,汤明高,徐开祥,等.滑坡时空演化规律及预警预报研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1104-1112.XU Qiang,TANG Ming-gao,XU Kai-xiang,et al.Research on space-time evolution laws and early warning-prediction of landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1104-1112.
[11]朱朋,卢书强,薛聪聪,等.库水位升降与降雨条件下滑坡的渗流及稳定性分析[J].长江科学院院报,2015,32(11):87-92.ZHU Peng,LU Shu-qiang,XUE Cong-cong,et al.Seepage flow and stability analysis of a landslide under the conditions of water level fluctuation of reservoir and rainfall[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2015,32(11):87-92.
[12]黄润秋.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):433-454.HUANG Run-qiu.Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):433-454.
[13]许强.滑坡的变形破坏行为与内在机制[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(2):145-152.XU Qiang.Theoretical studies of prediction of landslides using slope deformation process data[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(2):145-151.
[14]地质矿产部编写组.长江三峡工程库岸稳定性研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.Research Group of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources.Study on the stability of the bank of the Three Gorges Project[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988.
[15]时卫民,郑颖人.库水位下降情况下滑坡的稳定性分析[J].水利学报,2004,3(3):76-80.SHI Wei-min,ZHENG Ying-ren.Analysis on stability of landslide during reservoir drawdown[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,3(3):76-80.
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