城市区域降雨径流季节性初期冲刷效应研究
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摘要
探究降雨径流的季节性初期冲刷现象对城市水环境治理和水污染防治具有重要意义。以无量纲化后的雨水径流污染物输送量与有效降雨量为基础,通过建立径流污染物的季节性初期冲刷效应定量评价模型,对建筑屋顶和校园区域雨水径流季节性初期冲刷现象进行了研究。结果表明:建筑屋顶和校园区域年雨水径流水质具有相似的变化规律,径流污染物浓度总体上呈现出雨季始末两期高于中期的现象;研究区域中呈现了不同的冲刷性质,SS和TN显示出较强的季节性初期冲刷效应,以春季控制为主,而COD和TP的季节性初期冲刷效应较弱,以春季和深秋双季控制为主。
It is of great significance to explore the seasonal first flush phenomenon of rainfall runoff for urban water environment management and water pollution control. Based on the dimensionless handled rainwater runoff pollutants and effective rainfall,the mathematical model for quantitative evaluation the seasonal first flush effect of rainwater runoff pollutants was established. The established mathematical model was applied to investigate the seasonal first flush effect on building roof and on campus. Results showed that the relationship between the average concentration of runoff pollutants and effective rainfall is similar in the building roof and on campus. The concentration of runoff pollutants in the early and late stages of rainy season was higher than that in the middle stages of rainy season. The strength of seasonal first flush was different in the study area,and the seasonal first flush phenomenon was found significantly for SS and TN while the strength of seasonal first flush( SFF) was relatively lower for COD and TP. SS and TN are mainly controlled in spring while COD and TP are mainly controlled in spring and late autumn.
It is of great significance to explore the seasonal first flush phenomenon of rainfall runoff for urban water environment management and water pollution control. Based on the dimensionless handled rainwater runoff pollutants and effective rainfall,the mathematical model for quantitative evaluation the seasonal first flush effect of rainwater runoff pollutants was established. The established mathematical model was applied to investigate the seasonal first flush effect on building roof and on campus. Results showed that the relationship between the average concentration of runoff pollutants and effective rainfall is similar in the building roof and on campus. The concentration of runoff pollutants in the early and late stages of rainy season was higher than that in the middle stages of rainy season. The strength of seasonal first flush was different in the study area,and the seasonal first flush phenomenon was found significantly for SS and TN while the strength of seasonal first flush( SFF) was relatively lower for COD and TP. SS and TN are mainly controlled in spring while COD and TP are mainly controlled in spring and late autumn.
引文
[1]张千千.重庆市渝北区暴雨径流污染特征及河流水质动态研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.
[2]贺涛,管伟,杨乐亮,等.快速城市化地区典型城市路面径流污染试验及特征分析[J].水电能源科学,2014,32(10):30-33.
[3]曹宏宇,黄申斌,李娟英,等.上海临港新城初期地表径流污染特性与初期效应研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(6):66-71.
[4]李春林,刘淼,胡远满,等.沈阳市降雨径流初期冲刷效应[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5952-5961.
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[9]张琼华,王倩,王晓昌,等.典型城市道路雨水径流污染解析和利用标准探讨[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(7):3451-3456.
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[11]SOLLER J,STEPHENSON J,OLIVIERI K,et al. Evaluation of seasonal scale first flush pollutant loading and implications for urban runoff management[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2005,76(4):309-318.
[12]高正,黄介生,曾文治,等.基于SWAT模型的清江长阳段非点源污染及其控制方案研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):174-177.
[13]刘萍.深圳湾红树林湿地面源污染研究[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2011.
[14]刘勇华,高超,王登峰,等.城市降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应对BMPs选择的启示[J].水资源保护,2009,25(6):29-32.
[15]汪楚乔,陈柔君,吴磊,等.宜兴典型村落不同下垫面降雨径流污染物排放特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(4):632-638.
[16]张凡,董志龙,王宝山.建筑屋顶雨水径流初期冲刷效应研究[J].环境污染与防治,2011,33(6):32-35.
[17]王书敏,郭树刚,何强,等.城市流域降雨径流水质特性及初期冲刷现象[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(4):532-539.
[18]陆怡诚,纪桂霞,吕天恒,等.城市屋面雨水初期径流污染特征与规律研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(4):85-88.
[19]马英.城市降雨径流面源污染输移规律模拟及初始冲刷效应研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.
[2]贺涛,管伟,杨乐亮,等.快速城市化地区典型城市路面径流污染试验及特征分析[J].水电能源科学,2014,32(10):30-33.
[3]曹宏宇,黄申斌,李娟英,等.上海临港新城初期地表径流污染特性与初期效应研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(6):66-71.
[4]李春林,刘淼,胡远满,等.沈阳市降雨径流初期冲刷效应[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5952-5961.
[5]LEE H,LAU S L,KAYHANIAN M,et al. Seasonal first flush phenomenon of urban stormwater discharges[J]. Water Research,2004,38(19):4153-4163.
[6]何俊超,许萍,张雅君,等.深圳市道路降雨径流初期冲刷效应及初期弃流量分析[J].市政技术,2015,33(4):81-86.
[7]何康茂.城市化流域降雨径流污染冲刷特征及模拟研究[D].北京:北京大学,2014.
[8]朱彤,赵杨,车伍,等.杭州市雨水径流污染分析及控制对策[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(17):119-123.
[9]张琼华,王倩,王晓昌,等.典型城市道路雨水径流污染解析和利用标准探讨[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(7):3451-3456.
[10]王宝山.城市雨水径流污染物输移规律研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2011.
[11]SOLLER J,STEPHENSON J,OLIVIERI K,et al. Evaluation of seasonal scale first flush pollutant loading and implications for urban runoff management[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2005,76(4):309-318.
[12]高正,黄介生,曾文治,等.基于SWAT模型的清江长阳段非点源污染及其控制方案研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):174-177.
[13]刘萍.深圳湾红树林湿地面源污染研究[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2011.
[14]刘勇华,高超,王登峰,等.城市降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应对BMPs选择的启示[J].水资源保护,2009,25(6):29-32.
[15]汪楚乔,陈柔君,吴磊,等.宜兴典型村落不同下垫面降雨径流污染物排放特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(4):632-638.
[16]张凡,董志龙,王宝山.建筑屋顶雨水径流初期冲刷效应研究[J].环境污染与防治,2011,33(6):32-35.
[17]王书敏,郭树刚,何强,等.城市流域降雨径流水质特性及初期冲刷现象[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(4):532-539.
[18]陆怡诚,纪桂霞,吕天恒,等.城市屋面雨水初期径流污染特征与规律研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(4):85-88.
[19]马英.城市降雨径流面源污染输移规律模拟及初始冲刷效应研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.