基于空间分析的黑龙江稻瘟病重点发生区域识别
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摘要
黑龙江是北方重要稻作区,稻瘟病是影响水稻产量的主要病害之一。依据稻瘟病测报调查规范,基于近5年黑龙江稻瘟病乡村监测点调查数据,利用空间分析技术的方法,分析黑龙江稻瘟病重点发生区县和核心发生区域,提取稻瘟病重点发生乡村监测点。结果表明,近5年黑龙江稻瘟病发病面积占调查面积的7.3%,发病等级以1级为主,整体发生较轻,稻瘟病重点发生区域主要分布在松花江上游地区哈尔滨市的阿城、尚志、方正、延寿、通河、依兰沿线和松花江下游三江平原地区佳木斯市的富锦、同江一带,以及嫩江流域大庆市的肇源县和齐齐哈尔市的讷河市以及呼兰河流域绥化市北林区,并提取了98个叶瘟和47个穗颈瘟重点监测点。上述结果为黑龙江稻瘟病调查监测区域和监测点的布局优化提供了重要依据,为稻瘟病测报防控工作提供重要的支撑。
Heilongjiang Province is an important rice-growing area in northern China. Rice blast is one of the major diseases affecting rice production. According to the rules of investigation and forecast of the rice blast,this paper analyzed the key occurrence counties and core occurrence areas of rice blast,and extracted key rural monitoring points of rice blast in Heilongjiang Province based on the survey data of the rice blast disease rural monitoring point during the past 5 years in Heilongjiang Province using spatial analysis. The results showed that in the past 5 years the incidence area of rice blast in Heilongjiang Province accounted for 7.3 % of the surveyed area,the onset grade was mainly level 1 and overall occurrence was lighter. The occurrence areas of rice blast were mainly distributed in Acheng,Shangzhi,Fangzheng,Yanshou,Tonghe,Yilan of Harbin City in the upper reaches of the Songhua River,the area of Fujin and Tongjiang in Jiamusi City in the lower reaches of Songhua River,the area of Zhaoyuan County of Daqing City,Nehe of Qiqihar City in Nenjiang River Basin and Beilin District of Suihua City in Hulan River basin.This paper selected several key monitoring points,including 98 leaf blast and 47 spike neck blast key monitoring points. These results provided important basis for distribution optimization of rice blast monitoring area and monitoring points in Heilongjiang Province,and also provided important support for monitoring,prevention and control of rice blast.
Heilongjiang Province is an important rice-growing area in northern China. Rice blast is one of the major diseases affecting rice production. According to the rules of investigation and forecast of the rice blast,this paper analyzed the key occurrence counties and core occurrence areas of rice blast,and extracted key rural monitoring points of rice blast in Heilongjiang Province based on the survey data of the rice blast disease rural monitoring point during the past 5 years in Heilongjiang Province using spatial analysis. The results showed that in the past 5 years the incidence area of rice blast in Heilongjiang Province accounted for 7.3 % of the surveyed area,the onset grade was mainly level 1 and overall occurrence was lighter. The occurrence areas of rice blast were mainly distributed in Acheng,Shangzhi,Fangzheng,Yanshou,Tonghe,Yilan of Harbin City in the upper reaches of the Songhua River,the area of Fujin and Tongjiang in Jiamusi City in the lower reaches of Songhua River,the area of Zhaoyuan County of Daqing City,Nehe of Qiqihar City in Nenjiang River Basin and Beilin District of Suihua City in Hulan River basin.This paper selected several key monitoring points,including 98 leaf blast and 47 spike neck blast key monitoring points. These results provided important basis for distribution optimization of rice blast monitoring area and monitoring points in Heilongjiang Province,and also provided important support for monitoring,prevention and control of rice blast.
引文
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[2]李彬,邓元宝,颜学海,等.一个粳稻来源抗稻瘟病基因的鉴定、遗传分析和基因定位[J].作物学报,2014,40(1):54-62.Li B,Deng Y B,Yan X H,et al.. Identification,genetic analysis and gene mapping of a rice blast resistance gene in Japonica rice[J]. Acta Agron. Sin.,2014,40(1):54-62.
[3]黑龙江省发展和改革委员会.2016年粮食生产有关情况[EB/OL]. http://www. hljdpc. gov. cn/art/2017/5/27/art_283_18743.html,2017-05-27.
[4]辛明远,王险峰,关成宏.2005年黑龙江省稻瘟病大发生与防治调查分析[J].现代化农业,2006(9):7-8.
[5]靳学慧,郭永霞,郑雯,等.黑龙江省稻瘟病发生特点及2007年发生趋势的分析[J].北方水稻,2007(2):57-61.Jin X H, Guo Y X, Zheng W, et al.. The occurrence characteristic and analysis of the trends in rice blast disease in2007 in Heilongjiang province[J]. North Rice,2007(2):57-61.
[6]马成云,申宏波,马淑梅,等.黑龙江省水稻稻瘟病发生危害情况调查及防治建议[J].植物保护,2006,32(5):95-97.
[7]方修琦,盛静芬.从黑龙江省水稻种植面积的时空变化看人类对气候变化影响的适应[J].自然资源学报,2000,15(3):213-217.
[8]李志鹏.近30年黑龙江水稻种植区域遥感提取及其时空变化分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,硕士学位论文,2014.Li Z P. Landsat image-based analysis on spatial-temporal changes of rice area in Heilongjiang Province during the past three decades[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Master Dissertation,2014.
[9]曹萌萌.气候变暖背景下黑龙江省水稻种植适宜性区划[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,硕士学位论文,2014.Cao M M. Rice planting suitability zoning in Heilongjiang province under the background of climate warming[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2014.
[10]曾凡松,向礼波,杨立军,等.251份水稻品种(系)对稻瘟病的抗性鉴定及抗性多样性分析[J].植物病理学报,2011,41(4):399-410.Zeng F S,Xiang L B,Yang L J,et al.. Diversity analysis for resistance of 251 rice(Oryza sativa L.)varieties(lines)to rice blast disease[J]. Acta Phytopathol. Sin.,2011,41(4):399-410.
[11]时克,雷财林,程治军,等.稻瘟病抗性基因Pita和Pib在我国水稻主栽品种中的分布[J].植物遗传资源学报,2009,10(1):21-26.Shi K,Lei C L,Cheng Z J,et al.. Distribution of two blast resistance genes Pita and Pib in major rice cultivars in China[J]. J. Plant Genet. Resour.,2009,10(1):21-26.
[12]任鄄胜,肖培村,陈勇,等.水稻品种稻瘟病抗性和抗病基因同源序列多态性分析[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):1-9.Ren J S, Xiao P C, Chen Y, et al.. Analysis on blast resistance phenotypes and resistance gene analog polymorphism of rice varieties[J]. Sci. Agric. Sin.,2009,42(1):1-9.
[13]刘二明,彭绍裘,黄费元.水稻品种对稻瘟病抗性聚类分析[J].中国农业科学,1994,27(3):44-49.Liu E M,Peng S Q,Huang F Y. The cluster analysis of rice varieties on resistant to rice blast[J]. Sci. Agric. Sin.,1994,27(3):44-49.
[14]马军韬,张国民,辛爱华,等.水稻品种抗稻瘟病分析及基因聚合抗性改良[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(2):177-183.Ma J T,Zhang G M,Xin A H,et al.. Resistance analysis and improvement of rice varieties by gene pyramiding[J]. J. Plant Protection,2016,43(2):177-183.
[15] Veneaultfourrey C,Barooah M,Egan M,et al.. Autophagic fungal cell death is necessary for infection by the rice blast fungus[J]. Science,2006,312(5773):580.
[16] Ebbole D J. Magnaporthe as a model for understanding hostpathogen interactions[J]. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.,2007,45(1):437-456.
[17] Galhano R,Talbot N J. The biology of blast:Understanding how Magnaporthe oryzae invades rice plants[J]. Fungal Biol.Rev.,2011,25(1):61-67.
[18]刘天华,白姣姣,吕东平.农业气象因素影响稻瘟病发生分子机制初探[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(1):1-7.Liu T H,Bai J J,Lv D P. A preliminary study on the effect of agro-meteorological factors on molecular mechanism of rice blast occurrence[J]. Chin. J. Eco-Agric.,2016,24(1):1-7.
[19]宋成艳,王桂玲,李立军,等.寒地水稻主栽品种稻瘟病流行规律[J].植物保护,2014,40(3):94-100.Song C Y,Wang G L,Li L J,et al.. Blast epidemic dynamics occurred in main rice varieties in cold regions[J]. Plant Protection,2014,40(3):94-100.
[20]周立群,谢丙炎,沈文君,等.园艺作物危险性相似穿孔线虫入侵中国适生区的GIS预测[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(S2):28-31.Zhou L Q,Xie B Y,Shen W J,et al.. Prediction of suitable establishment areas of dangerous horticultural crop nematode,Radopholus similis in China using GIS[J]. Trans. CSAE,2005,21(S2):28-31.
[21]白嫄,王耀辉,康杰芳,等.基于GIS技术的山茱萸病虫害分布预测[J].陕西师范大学学报(自科版),2016(6):64-68.Bai Y, Wang Y H, Kang J F, et al.. Prediction for the distribution of diseases and insect pets in Cornus officinalis based on GIS[J]. J. Shaanxi Norm. Univ.(Nat. Sci.),2016(6):64-68.
[22]周华康.延平区主要森林病虫害空间自相关分析[J].农业灾害研究,2017,7(z1):14-16.Zhou H K. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of main forest diseases and insect pests in Yanping district[J]. J. Agric.Catastrophol.,2017,7(Z1):14-16.
[23]洪伟,罗顺跃,陈顺立,等.油茶主要病虫害生态空间分布规律的研究[J].应用生态学报,1992,3(4):308-312.Hong W,Luo S Y,Chen S L,et al.. Eco-spatial distribution pattern of major pests and diseases of Camellia oleifera[J].Chin. J. Appl. Ecol.,1992,3(4):308-312.
[24]韦春义.油茶主要枝干病虫害空间分布规律研究[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(3):68-69.
[25]赵淼,赵闯,孙振中,等.近20年来我国农作物病虫害时空变化特征[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(5):965-975.Zhao M,Zhao C,Sun Z Z,et al.. Spatio-temporal changes of crop diseases and insect pests in China over the last two decades[J]. Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Pekinensis,2015,51(5):965-975.
[26]贺奇,杨锋,马洪文,等.1991-2010年宁夏水稻病虫害发生特征与经济损失分析[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(3):500-507.He Q,Yang F,Ma H W,et al.. Characteristics of occurrence and analysis of economic loss from diseases and insect pests in rice of Ningxia during 1991-2010[J]. J. Environ. Entomol.,2016,38(3):500-507.
[27]陈继光,宋显东,王春荣,等.黑龙江农作物病虫害在线监测管理系统开发与应用[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(8):24-30.Chen J G, Song X D, Wang C R, et al.. Research and development of on-line monitoring and management system of crop pests and its application in Heilongjiang Province[J].China Plant Protection,2017,37(8):24-30.
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