宽、窄方位角三维地震勘探采集方法研究与应用
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摘要
简要介绍了全三维地震勘探的发展历史,宽窄方位角三维地震资料的采集方法,宽窄方位角地震勘探的优点及争议,然后从宽窄方位角观测属性方面对宽、窄方位角观测存在的差异进行了对比分析。重点讨论了成组加密法宽方位角三维观测系统的设计原理、主要参数及其特点。对宽方位角观测中的AVO理论基础、多种不同的Zoeppritz方程的近似公式以及AVO分析方法与处理技术进行了讨论和分析,并通过模型算例研究了AVO的响应特征。对宽方位角三维地震勘探中各向异性的动校正方法进行了探讨,在速度分析的理论基础上,对动校正的常规速度分析以及常规速度分析对动校正的影响进行了分析。
通过宽方位角采集实例,分析了观测系统设计中的主要参数、影响因素及其解决的措施,总结得到了相关的认识和结论。宽方位角观测中炮检距分布的均匀程度并不一定比窄方位角观测好。但宽方位角三维地震采集资料具有较高的信噪比和分辨率,资料中含有丰富地质信息,在解决各向异性和对研究岩性油藏、地质沉积微相等方面有一定优越性。在复杂构造、地层和岩性圈闭油气藏的勘探领域,宽方位角地震勘探已成为一种行之有效的方法。但宽方位观测需要较高的覆盖次数,总覆盖次数的增高意味着需要投入更多的设备、财力和人力。
窄方位角三维地震勘探形状简单,炮检距分布均匀,成本低、便于野外质量控制和市内处理,在方位异向性不严重,简单地质构造调查和复杂地形(山区)进行勘探时,窄方位角三维地震勘探是首选方法。
This paper introduces the history of total 3D survey, acquisition methods of wide and narrow azimuth observation and their advantages and disadvantages. And then, the differences are compared and analyzed form wide and narrow azimuth observation attributes. Based on infilling shots method, the designing principle, major parameters as well as its characters have been studied in detail. AVO theory, several different approximations of Zoeppritz equation in wide azimuth observation, the analyzing method and processing technique are discussed. AVO response is studied with model data. Anistropic NMO method of wide azimuth 3D seismic exploration is discussed. On the theory of velocity analysis, the conventional velocity analysis and its affection to NMO are analyzed.
Through the wide azimuth survey example, the major parameters, affective factors and resolvent in observation system designing have been analyzed. The offset distribution of the wide azimuth observation is not better than that of the narrow azimuth observation. But it can bring us abundant geological information. It is very useful for the research of azimuth anisotropy, lithology reservoir and sediment phase. It is the most effective method adopted in the prospecting field of complex structure, stratum and lithology trap oil/gas reservoir. But the wide azimuth needs high folds– that means more equipment, money and personnel involved.
The narrow azimuth is very simple. Its offset distribution is better than the wide azimuth and it costs little. All the attributes are good for field QC and in-door data processing. It will be your preference in the survey of slight azimuth anisotropy, simple structure and complex surface such as mountainous area.
通过宽方位角采集实例,分析了观测系统设计中的主要参数、影响因素及其解决的措施,总结得到了相关的认识和结论。宽方位角观测中炮检距分布的均匀程度并不一定比窄方位角观测好。但宽方位角三维地震采集资料具有较高的信噪比和分辨率,资料中含有丰富地质信息,在解决各向异性和对研究岩性油藏、地质沉积微相等方面有一定优越性。在复杂构造、地层和岩性圈闭油气藏的勘探领域,宽方位角地震勘探已成为一种行之有效的方法。但宽方位观测需要较高的覆盖次数,总覆盖次数的增高意味着需要投入更多的设备、财力和人力。
窄方位角三维地震勘探形状简单,炮检距分布均匀,成本低、便于野外质量控制和市内处理,在方位异向性不严重,简单地质构造调查和复杂地形(山区)进行勘探时,窄方位角三维地震勘探是首选方法。
This paper introduces the history of total 3D survey, acquisition methods of wide and narrow azimuth observation and their advantages and disadvantages. And then, the differences are compared and analyzed form wide and narrow azimuth observation attributes. Based on infilling shots method, the designing principle, major parameters as well as its characters have been studied in detail. AVO theory, several different approximations of Zoeppritz equation in wide azimuth observation, the analyzing method and processing technique are discussed. AVO response is studied with model data. Anistropic NMO method of wide azimuth 3D seismic exploration is discussed. On the theory of velocity analysis, the conventional velocity analysis and its affection to NMO are analyzed.
Through the wide azimuth survey example, the major parameters, affective factors and resolvent in observation system designing have been analyzed. The offset distribution of the wide azimuth observation is not better than that of the narrow azimuth observation. But it can bring us abundant geological information. It is very useful for the research of azimuth anisotropy, lithology reservoir and sediment phase. It is the most effective method adopted in the prospecting field of complex structure, stratum and lithology trap oil/gas reservoir. But the wide azimuth needs high folds– that means more equipment, money and personnel involved.
The narrow azimuth is very simple. Its offset distribution is better than the wide azimuth and it costs little. All the attributes are good for field QC and in-door data processing. It will be your preference in the survey of slight azimuth anisotropy, simple structure and complex surface such as mountainous area.
引文
[1] Guillaume Cambois, Shuki Ronen, and Xianhuai Zhu. Wide-azimuth acquisition: True 3D at last[J]. The Leading Edge,2002,21(8):763-769
[2] Andreas Cordsen and Mike. Narrow-versus wide-azimuth land 3Dseismic surveys[J]. The leading edge ,2002,21(8):764-770
[3] Marty Williams and Edward Jenner. Interpreting seismic data in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy or azimuthal anisotropy in the presence of the seismic interpretation[J]. The Leading Edge, 2002, 21(8):771-774
[4] Stephen A. Hall, J-Michael Kendall, and Olav I. Barkved. Fractured reservoir characterization using P-wave AVOA analysis of 3D OBC data[J]. The leading edge ,2002,21(8):777-781
[5] Edward Jenner. Azimuthal AVO: Methodology and data examples[J]. The Leading Edge, 2002,21(8):782-786
[6] Dwight V. Sukup . Wide-azimuth marine acquisition by the helix method[J]. The leading edge ,2002,21(8):791-794
[7] Craft K L, Mallick S, Meister L J, et al, Azimuthal anisotropy analysis from P wave seismic traveltime data[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 67th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1997,1214-1217
[8] Mallick S, Frazer L N, Reflection/Transmission coefficients and azimuthal anisotropy in marine seismic studies[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1991,105:241-252
[9]凌云研究小组.宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探.2003年,38(4):350-357
[10]许崇宝等.成组加密法宽方位三维观测系统设计方法及应用[J].中国煤田地质,2000年,12(4):60-65
[11]李庆忠著.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994年:31-70。
[12]杨小红,程增庆.高分辨率地震采集方法的研究[J] .中国煤田地质,2003年,15(4):49-51
[13]乐绍东.AVA裂缝检测技术在川西JM构造的应用[J] .天然气工业,2004年, 24(4):22-24
[14]李庆忠.对宽方位角三维采集不要盲从[J] .石油地球物理勘探,2001年,36(1):122-125
[15]张庆淮.渤海湾盆地宽方位地震采集浅析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998年,33(6):796-802
[16]许崇宝,孙立新.煤田三维地震勘探中横向覆盖次数的确定及宽方位数据采集的设想[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000年,28(5):56-58
[17]阎世信,谢文导.三维地震观测方式应用的几点意见[J] .石油地球物理勘探,1998年,33(6):787-795
[18]甘其刚,杨振武,彭大钧.振幅随方位角变化裂缝检测技术及其应用[J].石油物探,43(4):373-376
[19]段卫星,邸志欣,张庆淮,等.SK地区目标地震勘探采集设计技术及应用效果[J] .石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):117-121
[20]唐云,李显贵,邱华,等.宽方位地震资料采集观测系统设计初探[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):233-236
[21]程玖兵,王华忠,杨淑卿,等.窄方位数据双平方根方程偏移应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004年,24(6):50-52
[22]许崇宝,宁方助,孙立新,等.成组加密法宽方位三维观测系统设计方法及应用[J].中国煤田地质,2000年,12(4):60-65
[2] Andreas Cordsen and Mike. Narrow-versus wide-azimuth land 3Dseismic surveys[J]. The leading edge ,2002,21(8):764-770
[3] Marty Williams and Edward Jenner. Interpreting seismic data in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy or azimuthal anisotropy in the presence of the seismic interpretation[J]. The Leading Edge, 2002, 21(8):771-774
[4] Stephen A. Hall, J-Michael Kendall, and Olav I. Barkved. Fractured reservoir characterization using P-wave AVOA analysis of 3D OBC data[J]. The leading edge ,2002,21(8):777-781
[5] Edward Jenner. Azimuthal AVO: Methodology and data examples[J]. The Leading Edge, 2002,21(8):782-786
[6] Dwight V. Sukup . Wide-azimuth marine acquisition by the helix method[J]. The leading edge ,2002,21(8):791-794
[7] Craft K L, Mallick S, Meister L J, et al, Azimuthal anisotropy analysis from P wave seismic traveltime data[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 67th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1997,1214-1217
[8] Mallick S, Frazer L N, Reflection/Transmission coefficients and azimuthal anisotropy in marine seismic studies[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1991,105:241-252
[9]凌云研究小组.宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探.2003年,38(4):350-357
[10]许崇宝等.成组加密法宽方位三维观测系统设计方法及应用[J].中国煤田地质,2000年,12(4):60-65
[11]李庆忠著.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994年:31-70。
[12]杨小红,程增庆.高分辨率地震采集方法的研究[J] .中国煤田地质,2003年,15(4):49-51
[13]乐绍东.AVA裂缝检测技术在川西JM构造的应用[J] .天然气工业,2004年, 24(4):22-24
[14]李庆忠.对宽方位角三维采集不要盲从[J] .石油地球物理勘探,2001年,36(1):122-125
[15]张庆淮.渤海湾盆地宽方位地震采集浅析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998年,33(6):796-802
[16]许崇宝,孙立新.煤田三维地震勘探中横向覆盖次数的确定及宽方位数据采集的设想[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000年,28(5):56-58
[17]阎世信,谢文导.三维地震观测方式应用的几点意见[J] .石油地球物理勘探,1998年,33(6):787-795
[18]甘其刚,杨振武,彭大钧.振幅随方位角变化裂缝检测技术及其应用[J].石油物探,43(4):373-376
[19]段卫星,邸志欣,张庆淮,等.SK地区目标地震勘探采集设计技术及应用效果[J] .石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):117-121
[20]唐云,李显贵,邱华,等.宽方位地震资料采集观测系统设计初探[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):233-236
[21]程玖兵,王华忠,杨淑卿,等.窄方位数据双平方根方程偏移应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004年,24(6):50-52
[22]许崇宝,宁方助,孙立新,等.成组加密法宽方位三维观测系统设计方法及应用[J].中国煤田地质,2000年,12(4):60-65