聚甲醛/CaCO_3晶须复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究
摘要
聚甲醛(POM)是五大工程塑料之一,具有良好的抗蠕变性、自润滑性、耐磨性及优良的力学性能,广泛应用于机械、汽车、仪器仪表、电子电器等领域作为减摩耐磨零部件。但纯POM材料存在干摩擦时摩擦系数较高,易产生严重的粘着磨损等缺点,尤其不适合高载、高速的工况条件。目前,有关采用碳酸钙晶须(W-CaCO_3)增强POM复合材料在不同载荷、不同润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能以及W-CaCO_3与聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)协同复合对POM复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响还鲜见报道。
本论文利用W-CaCO_3、超细PTFE微粉填充POM,采用挤出-注塑方法制备W-CaCO_3/POM和W-CaCO_3/PTFE/POM复合材料试样。在MM-200摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦磨损实验,研究复合材料在不同晶须含量、不同载荷下的干摩擦和水润滑摩擦磨损性能:通过对极限PV值得测定,分析特殊载荷下复合材料的承载能力:利用SEM观察复合材料磨损表面形貌,并分析其摩擦磨损机理。
CaCO_3晶须可明显改善复合材料摩擦磨损性能,随着CaCO_3晶须含量增加,干摩擦时,复合材料摩擦系数持续降低,磨损率先降低后逐渐升高:水润滑时,摩擦系数与干摩擦时相比有一定程度的降低,但磨损率较高。随载荷增加,干摩擦和水润滑条件下,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均呈上升趋势,但上升趋势缓慢,且均低于纯POM材料。CaCO_3晶须能够提高复合材料的极限PV值,12%W-CaCO_3/POM极限PV值最高,承载能力最好。
利用偏光显微镜和DSC分析W-CaCO_3/POM复合材料的结晶性能及其与力学性能、摩擦磨损性能的关系。研究发现:CaCO_3晶须使POM的结晶温度降低,结晶速率变慢,结晶度增大,但高含量的CaCO_3晶须对POM成核有阻碍或无任何实际作用,随复合材料结晶度的增大,复合材料的力学性能下降,摩擦系数持续降低,但磨损率却在高结晶度下有所升高。
进一步考察了W-CaCO_3与PTFE复合对POM复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,结果表明,PTFE可进一步降低复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率;在于摩擦和水润滑条件下,随着PTFE含量的增加以及粒径的减小,其摩擦系数和磨损率均有不同程度的下降,磨损机理由磨粒磨损转变为微切削和微犁沟作用。
Polyoxymethylene(POM) is one of the five major engineering plastics. Because of highlighted creep resistance,self-lubricating,wear-resistance and excellent mechanical properties,POM is widely used in machinery,automotive, instrumentation,electronics and other fields as anti-friction and wear-resistant components.However,under dry friction pure POM has higher friction coefficient which can bring serious abrasive wear,so it can not be applied to high-speed and high-load harsh working conditions.At present,No paper is available on the friction and wear behaviors of CaCO_3 whisker(W-CaCO_3) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ultra-fine powders filled POM composites under different loads and different lubrication conditions.
This paper researched on the friction and wear behaviors of W-CaCO_3 and PTFE filled POM composites prepared by injection molding.The tribological behaviors of filled POM composites were evaluated on MM200 block-on-ring apparatus.The friction and wear behaviors under dry friction and water lubrication influence of different contents of CaCO_3 whisker and different loads to the composites were researched.By measuring limiting PV value,the carrying capacity of the composites on special loads were researched.The morphologies of the wear traces were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).
It was found that CaCO_3 whisker can be significantly improved friction and wear properties.Under dry friction condition,along with content of CaCO_3 whisker increased,the friction coefficient of the composites is continuously decreased,and the wear rate increased after the first lower;under water lubrication,the friction coefficient reduced,and the wear rate increased compared to dry friction.With the load increased,under dry friction and water lubrication conditions,the friction coefficient and the wear rate showed slow upward trend,and were lower than pure POM.CaCO_3 whisker can improve limiting PV values,and 12%W-CaCO_3/POM composites have the best value and carrying capacity.
At the same time,the crystallization of W-CaCO_3/POM composites were investigated by polarizing microscopy and DSC,and the effects of crystallization on mechanical properties,tribological properties were researched.It found that,CaCO_3 whisker can make crystallization temperature,crystallization rate decreased,and crystallinity increased,but high content of CaCO_3 whisker have little effect on POM nucleation or obstruct the nucleation.With crystallinity increased,the mechanical properties,friction coefficient significantly decreased,but the wear rate increased in the high crystallinity.
The paper also studied on the tribological behaviors of PTFE/W-CaCO_3/POM composites and showed that PTFE can further reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites,under dry friction and water lubrication conditions, with the content of PTFE increased and the particle size decreased,the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased in varying degrees,and the tribological behaviors transformed abrasive wear into micro-cutting and micro-furrows.
本论文利用W-CaCO_3、超细PTFE微粉填充POM,采用挤出-注塑方法制备W-CaCO_3/POM和W-CaCO_3/PTFE/POM复合材料试样。在MM-200摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦磨损实验,研究复合材料在不同晶须含量、不同载荷下的干摩擦和水润滑摩擦磨损性能:通过对极限PV值得测定,分析特殊载荷下复合材料的承载能力:利用SEM观察复合材料磨损表面形貌,并分析其摩擦磨损机理。
CaCO_3晶须可明显改善复合材料摩擦磨损性能,随着CaCO_3晶须含量增加,干摩擦时,复合材料摩擦系数持续降低,磨损率先降低后逐渐升高:水润滑时,摩擦系数与干摩擦时相比有一定程度的降低,但磨损率较高。随载荷增加,干摩擦和水润滑条件下,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均呈上升趋势,但上升趋势缓慢,且均低于纯POM材料。CaCO_3晶须能够提高复合材料的极限PV值,12%W-CaCO_3/POM极限PV值最高,承载能力最好。
利用偏光显微镜和DSC分析W-CaCO_3/POM复合材料的结晶性能及其与力学性能、摩擦磨损性能的关系。研究发现:CaCO_3晶须使POM的结晶温度降低,结晶速率变慢,结晶度增大,但高含量的CaCO_3晶须对POM成核有阻碍或无任何实际作用,随复合材料结晶度的增大,复合材料的力学性能下降,摩擦系数持续降低,但磨损率却在高结晶度下有所升高。
进一步考察了W-CaCO_3与PTFE复合对POM复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,结果表明,PTFE可进一步降低复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率;在于摩擦和水润滑条件下,随着PTFE含量的增加以及粒径的减小,其摩擦系数和磨损率均有不同程度的下降,磨损机理由磨粒磨损转变为微切削和微犁沟作用。
Polyoxymethylene(POM) is one of the five major engineering plastics. Because of highlighted creep resistance,self-lubricating,wear-resistance and excellent mechanical properties,POM is widely used in machinery,automotive, instrumentation,electronics and other fields as anti-friction and wear-resistant components.However,under dry friction pure POM has higher friction coefficient which can bring serious abrasive wear,so it can not be applied to high-speed and high-load harsh working conditions.At present,No paper is available on the friction and wear behaviors of CaCO_3 whisker(W-CaCO_3) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ultra-fine powders filled POM composites under different loads and different lubrication conditions.
This paper researched on the friction and wear behaviors of W-CaCO_3 and PTFE filled POM composites prepared by injection molding.The tribological behaviors of filled POM composites were evaluated on MM200 block-on-ring apparatus.The friction and wear behaviors under dry friction and water lubrication influence of different contents of CaCO_3 whisker and different loads to the composites were researched.By measuring limiting PV value,the carrying capacity of the composites on special loads were researched.The morphologies of the wear traces were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).
It was found that CaCO_3 whisker can be significantly improved friction and wear properties.Under dry friction condition,along with content of CaCO_3 whisker increased,the friction coefficient of the composites is continuously decreased,and the wear rate increased after the first lower;under water lubrication,the friction coefficient reduced,and the wear rate increased compared to dry friction.With the load increased,under dry friction and water lubrication conditions,the friction coefficient and the wear rate showed slow upward trend,and were lower than pure POM.CaCO_3 whisker can improve limiting PV values,and 12%W-CaCO_3/POM composites have the best value and carrying capacity.
At the same time,the crystallization of W-CaCO_3/POM composites were investigated by polarizing microscopy and DSC,and the effects of crystallization on mechanical properties,tribological properties were researched.It found that,CaCO_3 whisker can make crystallization temperature,crystallization rate decreased,and crystallinity increased,but high content of CaCO_3 whisker have little effect on POM nucleation or obstruct the nucleation.With crystallinity increased,the mechanical properties,friction coefficient significantly decreased,but the wear rate increased in the high crystallinity.
The paper also studied on the tribological behaviors of PTFE/W-CaCO_3/POM composites and showed that PTFE can further reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites,under dry friction and water lubrication conditions, with the content of PTFE increased and the particle size decreased,the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased in varying degrees,and the tribological behaviors transformed abrasive wear into micro-cutting and micro-furrows.
引文
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[9]H.Benabdallah.Friction and Wear of Blended Polyoxymethylene Sliding Against Coated Steel Plates[J].Wear,2003,254(8):1239-1246.
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