基于ZigBee的自动抄表系统的设计
摘要
ZigBee自动抄表系统是一种无需工作人员到现场就能完成抄录用户电表数据的自动化管理系统,采用现代通信技术和计算机技术自动读取和处理电表数据,解决了传统抄表模式功能单一、实时性差、结构简单、准确率低、费时费力等难题,并且大大降低了人力资源的消耗。这对于电力系统的经济效益、信息化水平、甚至管理决策都具有十分重要的意义。
ZigBee技术具有近距离、低功耗、低速率、低复杂度、低成本的特点,正是这些优点使ZigBee技术为自动抄表系统的发展提供了更好的选择。
本文具体工作主要包括如下:
首先,介绍课题背景,讨论国内外研究现状,明确无线抄表系统的的巨大发展空间,并概括描述了ZigBee技术的主要特点和技术指标。
其次,研究ZigBee协议栈,由浅及深的详细说明ZigBee物理层、MAC层、网络层及应用层的功能,ZigBee协议栈的分析是对后面软件设计的基础。
然后,深入研究系统设计过程中的难点问题,ZigBee网络的拓扑结构和路由选择,通过对几种路由方式的分析,结合实际当中的应用,本文选择了Cluster-Tree+Z-AODV的路由方式。
最后,给出ZigBee自动抄表系统的总体设计方案,硬件电路设计包括CC2430外围电路的设计,电能计量芯片ADE7755电路设计,电源转换电路设计,RS-232接口电路设计等,软件设计包括介绍采集节点电能表的通信规约、ZigBee协议栈关键概念以及协调器、路由器、采集终端的程序设计流程。在明确了各节点的功能并完善了节点程序之后,对ZigBee自动抄表系统进行了现场调试,在楼内最大传输距离到达了85m,收发成功率到达了99.5%,实现了对违规用电宿舍自动断电功能等,达到了预期的目标。
Automatic meter reading system is a kind of automation management system which no workers to a site can finish transcribing user’s meter data,and adopting the modern communications technology and computer technology this system can read and process meter data automatically, solved the traditional single function, metering mode, simple structure, bad real-time accuracy, low time-consuming, and other issues of human resources is greatly reduced the cost. This for power system economic benefits, informationization level and even management decisions have very important significance.
ZigBee technology has close, low power consumption, low rate, low complexity, low cost characteristic, these advantages make ZigBee technology for the development of the automatic meter reading system provides better choice.
This paper includes the specific as follows:
First, introduce topic background, discussing research status from domestic and abroad, clear the wireless meter reading system the huge development space, and summarized describes the main characteristics and ZigBee technical specifications.
Secondly ,ZigBee protocol stack, research, from shallow and deep ZigBee physical layer, detailed instructions for MAC layer, network layer and application layer function, ZigBee protocol stack of the analysis is the foundation behind the software design.
Then,we in-depth study difficult problems in the processof system design, which are ZigBee network topology and routing. Through the analysis of several routing ways, and Combined with the application of the practice ,we chose the Cluster-Tree + Z-AODV routing ways.
Finally, ZigBee meter reading system are the overall design, hardware circuit including CC2430 peripheral circuit design of ADE7755 chips, electricity measurement circuit design, switching power circuit design, RS-232 interface circuit design, software design includes introduction gathering node electric communication protocols, key concepts and ZigBee protocol stack tuner, routers, acquisition terminal program design process. In the function of each node identified and perfected the node after ZigBee program for automatic meter reading system commissioning, maximum transmission inside the building, send and receive 85m distance to the success rate reached 99.5%, realize the function of automatic power offending electricity dormitory, achieve the desired goal.
ZigBee技术具有近距离、低功耗、低速率、低复杂度、低成本的特点,正是这些优点使ZigBee技术为自动抄表系统的发展提供了更好的选择。
本文具体工作主要包括如下:
首先,介绍课题背景,讨论国内外研究现状,明确无线抄表系统的的巨大发展空间,并概括描述了ZigBee技术的主要特点和技术指标。
其次,研究ZigBee协议栈,由浅及深的详细说明ZigBee物理层、MAC层、网络层及应用层的功能,ZigBee协议栈的分析是对后面软件设计的基础。
然后,深入研究系统设计过程中的难点问题,ZigBee网络的拓扑结构和路由选择,通过对几种路由方式的分析,结合实际当中的应用,本文选择了Cluster-Tree+Z-AODV的路由方式。
最后,给出ZigBee自动抄表系统的总体设计方案,硬件电路设计包括CC2430外围电路的设计,电能计量芯片ADE7755电路设计,电源转换电路设计,RS-232接口电路设计等,软件设计包括介绍采集节点电能表的通信规约、ZigBee协议栈关键概念以及协调器、路由器、采集终端的程序设计流程。在明确了各节点的功能并完善了节点程序之后,对ZigBee自动抄表系统进行了现场调试,在楼内最大传输距离到达了85m,收发成功率到达了99.5%,实现了对违规用电宿舍自动断电功能等,达到了预期的目标。
Automatic meter reading system is a kind of automation management system which no workers to a site can finish transcribing user’s meter data,and adopting the modern communications technology and computer technology this system can read and process meter data automatically, solved the traditional single function, metering mode, simple structure, bad real-time accuracy, low time-consuming, and other issues of human resources is greatly reduced the cost. This for power system economic benefits, informationization level and even management decisions have very important significance.
ZigBee technology has close, low power consumption, low rate, low complexity, low cost characteristic, these advantages make ZigBee technology for the development of the automatic meter reading system provides better choice.
This paper includes the specific as follows:
First, introduce topic background, discussing research status from domestic and abroad, clear the wireless meter reading system the huge development space, and summarized describes the main characteristics and ZigBee technical specifications.
Secondly ,ZigBee protocol stack, research, from shallow and deep ZigBee physical layer, detailed instructions for MAC layer, network layer and application layer function, ZigBee protocol stack of the analysis is the foundation behind the software design.
Then,we in-depth study difficult problems in the processof system design, which are ZigBee network topology and routing. Through the analysis of several routing ways, and Combined with the application of the practice ,we chose the Cluster-Tree + Z-AODV routing ways.
Finally, ZigBee meter reading system are the overall design, hardware circuit including CC2430 peripheral circuit design of ADE7755 chips, electricity measurement circuit design, switching power circuit design, RS-232 interface circuit design, software design includes introduction gathering node electric communication protocols, key concepts and ZigBee protocol stack tuner, routers, acquisition terminal program design process. In the function of each node identified and perfected the node after ZigBee program for automatic meter reading system commissioning, maximum transmission inside the building, send and receive 85m distance to the success rate reached 99.5%, realize the function of automatic power offending electricity dormitory, achieve the desired goal.
引文
[1]金福根,肖民等,居民电能表集中抄表系统存在问题分析[J],电力需求侧管理. 2007. 9(5); 67~68
[2]蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用.北京:北京邮电大学出版社, 2006: 23~25
[3]项遥翔,电力载波自动抄表系统,湖北电力,2005年2月第26卷第l期
[4]张晓华.基于ZigBee的自动抄表系统研究与设计: [学位论文].青岛:青岛科技大学, 2009.
[5] JG/T 162-2004,住宅远传抄表系统第1部分,数据专线传输.北京:计量出版社, 2004.
[6]何毅,王勇,蒋鸿宇.基于ZigBee技术的无线抄表系统设计.电子设计应用, 2006. 12: 103~106
[7] IEEE, Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHV) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs), USA: New York, October 1, 2003.313~347
[8]朱洲.基于ZigBee技术的无线自动抄表系统: [学位论文].重庆:重庆大学.2005.
[9]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌. ZigBee技术及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.
[10]张喆.基于ZigBee技术的无线网络的研究与开发: [学位论文].大连:大连理工大学.2008.
[11]何岸.基于Zigbee的自动电抄表系统的实现: [学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2007.
[12] Zigbee Alliance,Zigbee Specification V1.0, USA, June 27, 2006.
[13]马海.基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的远程数据监测的设计与实现: [学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2010.
[14] Pereira R. ZigBee and ECC Secure Wireless Networks [EB/OL]. 2004. http: //www. decdesign.com.
[15]王殊,阎毓杰,胡富平.无线传感器网络的理论与应用,北京:北航大学出版社,2007
[16] Texas Instrument, ZigBee Wireless Networking Overview, USA, 2008.
[17]刘丽钧,童丽丽. ZigBee技术网络层的路由算法分析[J].计算机与信息技术, 2008, (Z1): 70-90
[18] Dr. Robert B. Reese, A ZigBee-subset/IEEE 802.15.4 Multi-platform Protocol Stack, USA, March 5, 2007.
[19]郑相全.无线自组网技术实用教程.北京:清华人学出版社, 2004, 163~172
[20] Willam Stallings(美)著何军译无线通信与网络/北京-清华大学出版社2004
[21]张启明.基于ZigBee的智能照明系统的设计: [学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2010.
[22]卢恩,张步涵,卢益民,一种新的自动抄表系统方案及其实现.电力自动化设备, 2003, 23(6):68~70
[23]许建平,黄问贵. ADE7755在电能测量中的应用.九江职业技术学院学报,2007, 01:23~24
[24] Ron Price(美)著,冉晓旻,王彬,王锋译.无线网络原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2008.
[25] Institute of Electronical and Electronics Engineers,Inc., IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2003, IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems-Local and Metro Politan Area Networks-Specification Requirements-Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) and physical Layer(PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless personal Area Networks(WPANs)[S], New York: IEEE Press,2003
[26] IAR IDE User Manual[EB/OL], http://www.iar.com
[27]季鸿德,李来伟.自动抄表系统及其应用问题的探讨,电力设备, 2008,11(11):54~56
[28] ZigBee Alliance. Frequently Asked Questions[EB/OL], http: //www.zigbee. org/en/ about/Faq.asp,2007.
[29]姚进,电能计量自动抄表技术的现状与发展,民营科技,2009,8(1):24~25
[30]刘奎, ZigBee技术与应用[J],科技资讯, 2006, 6(5): 83~84
[31] Chipcon Semiconductor, CC2430 Datasheet:A True SOC solution for 2.4GHz IEEE 802.1 5.4/ZigBee[EB/OL], Chipcon, 2005
[32]秦霆镐,豆晓强,黄文彬等.ZigBee技术在无线传感器网络中的应用.仪表技术, 2007, (1): 57-5
[33]徐爱钧,IAR EWARM嵌入式系统编程与实践[M],北京:北京航大航空人学出版社, 2006年3月
[34] Ran Peng,Sun Mao-heng,Zou You-min.ZigBee Routing Selection Strategy Based on Data Services and Energy-balanced ZigBee Routing,Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing,2006
[35] S.Singh,M.Woo,and C.S.Raghavendra.Power-aware routing in mobile ad. Hocnetworks. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on MobileComputing and Networking.1998
[36]陈鸿飞.基于ZigBee与GPRS的远程无线抄表系统智能终端设计:[学位论文].长沙:中南大学, 2009.
[37] INTANAGONWIWATC,GOVINDAN R,ESTRIN D,eta 1. Directde difusion of wireless sensor netwokring[J].IEEETransactionson Newtorking,2003:11(1):2~15.
[38] Chanddramani K S,Anurag K.Performance Evaluation of IEEE802.15.4 Sensor Network with a Star Topology[S].
[2]蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用.北京:北京邮电大学出版社, 2006: 23~25
[3]项遥翔,电力载波自动抄表系统,湖北电力,2005年2月第26卷第l期
[4]张晓华.基于ZigBee的自动抄表系统研究与设计: [学位论文].青岛:青岛科技大学, 2009.
[5] JG/T 162-2004,住宅远传抄表系统第1部分,数据专线传输.北京:计量出版社, 2004.
[6]何毅,王勇,蒋鸿宇.基于ZigBee技术的无线抄表系统设计.电子设计应用, 2006. 12: 103~106
[7] IEEE, Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHV) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs), USA: New York, October 1, 2003.313~347
[8]朱洲.基于ZigBee技术的无线自动抄表系统: [学位论文].重庆:重庆大学.2005.
[9]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌. ZigBee技术及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.
[10]张喆.基于ZigBee技术的无线网络的研究与开发: [学位论文].大连:大连理工大学.2008.
[11]何岸.基于Zigbee的自动电抄表系统的实现: [学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2007.
[12] Zigbee Alliance,Zigbee Specification V1.0, USA, June 27, 2006.
[13]马海.基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的远程数据监测的设计与实现: [学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2010.
[14] Pereira R. ZigBee and ECC Secure Wireless Networks [EB/OL]. 2004. http: //www. decdesign.com.
[15]王殊,阎毓杰,胡富平.无线传感器网络的理论与应用,北京:北航大学出版社,2007
[16] Texas Instrument, ZigBee Wireless Networking Overview, USA, 2008.
[17]刘丽钧,童丽丽. ZigBee技术网络层的路由算法分析[J].计算机与信息技术, 2008, (Z1): 70-90
[18] Dr. Robert B. Reese, A ZigBee-subset/IEEE 802.15.4 Multi-platform Protocol Stack, USA, March 5, 2007.
[19]郑相全.无线自组网技术实用教程.北京:清华人学出版社, 2004, 163~172
[20] Willam Stallings(美)著何军译无线通信与网络/北京-清华大学出版社2004
[21]张启明.基于ZigBee的智能照明系统的设计: [学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2010.
[22]卢恩,张步涵,卢益民,一种新的自动抄表系统方案及其实现.电力自动化设备, 2003, 23(6):68~70
[23]许建平,黄问贵. ADE7755在电能测量中的应用.九江职业技术学院学报,2007, 01:23~24
[24] Ron Price(美)著,冉晓旻,王彬,王锋译.无线网络原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2008.
[25] Institute of Electronical and Electronics Engineers,Inc., IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2003, IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems-Local and Metro Politan Area Networks-Specification Requirements-Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) and physical Layer(PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless personal Area Networks(WPANs)[S], New York: IEEE Press,2003
[26] IAR IDE User Manual[EB/OL], http://www.iar.com
[27]季鸿德,李来伟.自动抄表系统及其应用问题的探讨,电力设备, 2008,11(11):54~56
[28] ZigBee Alliance. Frequently Asked Questions[EB/OL], http: //www.zigbee. org/en/ about/Faq.asp,2007.
[29]姚进,电能计量自动抄表技术的现状与发展,民营科技,2009,8(1):24~25
[30]刘奎, ZigBee技术与应用[J],科技资讯, 2006, 6(5): 83~84
[31] Chipcon Semiconductor, CC2430 Datasheet:A True SOC solution for 2.4GHz IEEE 802.1 5.4/ZigBee[EB/OL], Chipcon, 2005
[32]秦霆镐,豆晓强,黄文彬等.ZigBee技术在无线传感器网络中的应用.仪表技术, 2007, (1): 57-5
[33]徐爱钧,IAR EWARM嵌入式系统编程与实践[M],北京:北京航大航空人学出版社, 2006年3月
[34] Ran Peng,Sun Mao-heng,Zou You-min.ZigBee Routing Selection Strategy Based on Data Services and Energy-balanced ZigBee Routing,Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing,2006
[35] S.Singh,M.Woo,and C.S.Raghavendra.Power-aware routing in mobile ad. Hocnetworks. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on MobileComputing and Networking.1998
[36]陈鸿飞.基于ZigBee与GPRS的远程无线抄表系统智能终端设计:[学位论文].长沙:中南大学, 2009.
[37] INTANAGONWIWATC,GOVINDAN R,ESTRIN D,eta 1. Directde difusion of wireless sensor netwokring[J].IEEETransactionson Newtorking,2003:11(1):2~15.
[38] Chanddramani K S,Anurag K.Performance Evaluation of IEEE802.15.4 Sensor Network with a Star Topology[S].