中国西南地区植物群落的可入侵性与紫茎泽兰的入侵
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摘要
生物入侵作为全球变化的一部分,已经引起广泛的关注; 而群落可入侵性是生物入侵研究的核心和热点问题之一。本文以原产墨西哥,广泛入侵我国西南地区的紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)为例:首先,对西南地区被紫茎泽兰入侵的群落和生境进行了分类; 然后,就地形、本地植物物种多样性、环境梯度等对群落可入侵性的影响进行了探讨; 最后,对紫茎泽兰的空间分布格局进行了模拟和预测。
在小尺度上,紫茎泽兰入侵与本地植物物种多样性呈负相关,表明资源的可利用性可能是调节群落可入侵性的主导因素; 本地植物物种多样性在群落演替过程中和入侵的早期抑制紫茎泽兰入侵; 在大的尺度上,物理环境的变异超过了内在生物因子的重要性,本地植物物种多样性与紫茎泽兰入侵成功呈正相关。
紫茎泽兰主要通过公路和河流在我国西南地区入侵和扩散; 资源的可利用性是影响公路和河流两侧群落可入侵性的关键因子。
紫茎泽兰分布中心主要在沧源、元江和西昌; 位于分布区边缘的乐业、重庆和泸定有可能成为新的分布中心,并对邻近地区,尤其北面和东面的区域形成繁殖体压力; 紫茎泽兰整体上有向东和向北扩散的趋势。目前主要分布在云贵高原,将来的分布区还将以云贵高原为核心。
As an important component of global change, biological invasions have evoked increasing attentions and community invasibility is one of its core and hottest issues. Croftonweed is a troublesome invasive weed native to Mexico and has spread rapidly across southwest China. First, the plant communities invaded by croftonweed in southwest China were classified. Second, we discussed the effects of topographical factors, native plant diversity and environment gradients on the resistance of plant communities to the invader. Finally, we simulated and predicted the spatial distribution pattern of this invasive plant.
At the small scale, invasion success of croftonweed was negatively correlated with native plant diversity indicating that resource availability might be the dominant factor regulating community invasibility at this scale. In addition, native plant diversity also inhibited croftonweed over the course of community succession and at the early stages of invasion. At the large scale, variations in physical environment outweighed the importance of intrinsic biotic factors and positive relationships between diversity and invader success were found.
Roads and streams were the major conduits for the spread of croftonweed in southwest China. Resources availability was the dominant factor for the invasion resistance of communities along roads and streams.
The abundance centers of croftonweed were Cangyuan, Yuanjiang and Xichang; Leye, Chongqing and Luding, which were at the edge of its range, would shape new centers, composing propagule pressure on the regions north and east to them. At present, the range of this invasive plant in China was mainly located on the Yunnan and Guizhou Plateau and the prediction indicated that this region would also be the core area of its potential distribution.
在小尺度上,紫茎泽兰入侵与本地植物物种多样性呈负相关,表明资源的可利用性可能是调节群落可入侵性的主导因素; 本地植物物种多样性在群落演替过程中和入侵的早期抑制紫茎泽兰入侵; 在大的尺度上,物理环境的变异超过了内在生物因子的重要性,本地植物物种多样性与紫茎泽兰入侵成功呈正相关。
紫茎泽兰主要通过公路和河流在我国西南地区入侵和扩散; 资源的可利用性是影响公路和河流两侧群落可入侵性的关键因子。
紫茎泽兰分布中心主要在沧源、元江和西昌; 位于分布区边缘的乐业、重庆和泸定有可能成为新的分布中心,并对邻近地区,尤其北面和东面的区域形成繁殖体压力; 紫茎泽兰整体上有向东和向北扩散的趋势。目前主要分布在云贵高原,将来的分布区还将以云贵高原为核心。
As an important component of global change, biological invasions have evoked increasing attentions and community invasibility is one of its core and hottest issues. Croftonweed is a troublesome invasive weed native to Mexico and has spread rapidly across southwest China. First, the plant communities invaded by croftonweed in southwest China were classified. Second, we discussed the effects of topographical factors, native plant diversity and environment gradients on the resistance of plant communities to the invader. Finally, we simulated and predicted the spatial distribution pattern of this invasive plant.
At the small scale, invasion success of croftonweed was negatively correlated with native plant diversity indicating that resource availability might be the dominant factor regulating community invasibility at this scale. In addition, native plant diversity also inhibited croftonweed over the course of community succession and at the early stages of invasion. At the large scale, variations in physical environment outweighed the importance of intrinsic biotic factors and positive relationships between diversity and invader success were found.
Roads and streams were the major conduits for the spread of croftonweed in southwest China. Resources availability was the dominant factor for the invasion resistance of communities along roads and streams.
The abundance centers of croftonweed were Cangyuan, Yuanjiang and Xichang; Leye, Chongqing and Luding, which were at the edge of its range, would shape new centers, composing propagule pressure on the regions north and east to them. At present, the range of this invasive plant in China was mainly located on the Yunnan and Guizhou Plateau and the prediction indicated that this region would also be the core area of its potential distribution.
引文
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