电力电子系统集成——运动控制模块与系统集成
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摘要
电力电子系统集成是一个以电力电子技术为基础的新学科增长点,代表着本世纪电力电子技术发展的方向,具有促进电力、能源、工业生产自动化产生革命性变革的良好前景。而运动控制系统是电力电子技术在电气传动领域的具体应用,它和其它的电力电子应用系统相比,既有很多共同之处,又有独特的地方。在这样一个趋势和机遇下,本文对电力电子系统级集成的分布式控制体系、通讯模型、软件集成设计技术进行了研究,并将系统集成的概念扩展到运动控制领域,对基于运动控制模块和系统集成概念的变频器并联运行和多相电机运动控制系统进行了研究,得出了一些有意义的研究成果。
按照电力电子系统集成的要求,分析了其分布式分层控制体系,提出了基于OSI模型的通信模型,分析了通信模型和分布式控制体系之间的映射关系。通过对照通信模型,控制体系的各层之间保持相对独立、概念清晰,有利于系统扩展或升级。归纳总结了分布式控制体系的基本结构形式,比较分析了它们的特点、存在的问题和使用目的。
结合分布式电力电子系统对软件体系的要求,研究指出数据流体系和面向对象数据流体系适合作为分布式电力电子软件的软件体系。总结归纳了数据流体系的DSP算法的编程规范。阐述了面向对象数据流体系的理论、及其在分布式运动控制系统软件设计中的应用,提出了面向对象数据流体系的增量设计方法,以三相感应电机的压频比控制为例来论述增量设计方法的应用和优点。遵循共同的设计规范,采用面向对象数据流体系的软件设计方法来编写控制软件,对于电力电子系统的软件集成设计具有指导意义。
提出了基于系统集成概念的变频器并联运行方案,初步探讨了变频器并联运行的相关问题。对三相不控整流标准模块的并联运行进行了研究,提出了均流方案对环流进行抑制。对三相逆变标准模块的并联运行进行研究,分析了环流问题,提出了“同调制”的概念,指出只有当各模块的输出电流达到了同频率、同相位、同幅值、同调制的要求,逆变模块并联以后才没有环流;分别讨论了无功环流和有功环流的抑制方法,提出了自动主从同步方案,更好地处理并联逆变模块的同步运行。基于系统集成概念,通过多个小功率变频器分布式并联运行来构建中大功率变频器,很具有现实意义。
在电力电子系统集成概念的指导下,通过运动控制模块的系统集成来构建六相异步电机的分布式变频调速系统。分别讨论了六相异步电机分布式SPWM变频调速和分布式SVPWM变频调速的实现,并进行了仿真验证。扩展开来,采用同样的思路也可以实现其它多相(3的倍数相)电机的分布式SPWM和SVPWM控制。
通过对基于系统集成概念的变频器并联运行和多相电机运动控制系统的研究说明,在某些场合运动控制系统集成十分有用。在电力电子系统集成的背景下,对电机运动控制系统的系统集成理论和方法开展研究,具有重要的学术价值和实用意义。
Power electronics system integration, which promotes the development of power and industry automation, is a new direction in future power electronics. Motion control system is a particular branch of power electronic systems, although it is similar to other power electronic systems, it has its own specialties. Under such a background, this dissertation proposes distributed control architecture, communication model and software integration for power electronics system integration, and it presents parallel converters system and multi-phase motor motion control system based on building blocks and system integration. Some meaningful conclusions have been obtained.
According to the requirement of power electronic integrated system, distributed and hierarchical control architecture was discussed, and its communication model was put forward based on OSI model, as well as the mapping relationship between control architecture and communication model was analyzed. With mapping to communication model, layers of architecture are clearly defined, which aren't closely related to each other, and easy to upgrade and expand. Basic structures of control architecture were concluded by comparing their characteristics, disadvantages and application fields.
By comparative analysis, it was indicated that dataflow style and object-oriented dataflow style are proper software architectures for distributed power conversion systems. Programming criterions of dataflow style, based on DSP, were concluded. The theory of object-oriented dataflow style and its application in software programming of distributed motion control system were introduced. A method named incremental design process was presented for object-oriented dataflow style. A typical V/f control for induction motor was used to verify advantages and application of the presented method. It is of great significance for power conversion software integration design designed or programmed with the method of object-oriented dataflow style by common programming criterions.
Parallel operation of multi-converters built with system integration concept, was preliminarily studied. Parallel diode rectifier blocks were investigated, and current sharing strategy was presented to restrain circulating current. Parallel inverter blocks were investigated too, and the concept of "uniform modulation" was proposed while analyzing the circulating current problem. It has been concluded that there is no circulating current among parallel inverter blocks when their unattached output currents have the same frequency, phase, amplitude and uniform modulation. Active and reactive circulating current restrain were discussed respectively, and auto-master-slave synchronization control strategy for parallel operation of inverter blocks was presented. It is of great use that medium/high power converter is built by parallel low power converters with system integration concept.
A distributed VVVF control system for six-phase induction motor was based on power drive building blocks and system integration. SPWM control and SVPWM control for distributed control system were discussed respectively; simulation results verified their feasibility. With the same idea, the distributed SPWM/SVPWM control for other multi-phase motor could be realized.
The study on parallel converters system and multi-phase motor motion control system shows that motion control system integration is very meaningful in many cases. It is significant and worthwhile to investigate the theory of motion control system integration under the background of power electronics system integration.
按照电力电子系统集成的要求,分析了其分布式分层控制体系,提出了基于OSI模型的通信模型,分析了通信模型和分布式控制体系之间的映射关系。通过对照通信模型,控制体系的各层之间保持相对独立、概念清晰,有利于系统扩展或升级。归纳总结了分布式控制体系的基本结构形式,比较分析了它们的特点、存在的问题和使用目的。
结合分布式电力电子系统对软件体系的要求,研究指出数据流体系和面向对象数据流体系适合作为分布式电力电子软件的软件体系。总结归纳了数据流体系的DSP算法的编程规范。阐述了面向对象数据流体系的理论、及其在分布式运动控制系统软件设计中的应用,提出了面向对象数据流体系的增量设计方法,以三相感应电机的压频比控制为例来论述增量设计方法的应用和优点。遵循共同的设计规范,采用面向对象数据流体系的软件设计方法来编写控制软件,对于电力电子系统的软件集成设计具有指导意义。
提出了基于系统集成概念的变频器并联运行方案,初步探讨了变频器并联运行的相关问题。对三相不控整流标准模块的并联运行进行了研究,提出了均流方案对环流进行抑制。对三相逆变标准模块的并联运行进行研究,分析了环流问题,提出了“同调制”的概念,指出只有当各模块的输出电流达到了同频率、同相位、同幅值、同调制的要求,逆变模块并联以后才没有环流;分别讨论了无功环流和有功环流的抑制方法,提出了自动主从同步方案,更好地处理并联逆变模块的同步运行。基于系统集成概念,通过多个小功率变频器分布式并联运行来构建中大功率变频器,很具有现实意义。
在电力电子系统集成概念的指导下,通过运动控制模块的系统集成来构建六相异步电机的分布式变频调速系统。分别讨论了六相异步电机分布式SPWM变频调速和分布式SVPWM变频调速的实现,并进行了仿真验证。扩展开来,采用同样的思路也可以实现其它多相(3的倍数相)电机的分布式SPWM和SVPWM控制。
通过对基于系统集成概念的变频器并联运行和多相电机运动控制系统的研究说明,在某些场合运动控制系统集成十分有用。在电力电子系统集成的背景下,对电机运动控制系统的系统集成理论和方法开展研究,具有重要的学术价值和实用意义。
Power electronics system integration, which promotes the development of power and industry automation, is a new direction in future power electronics. Motion control system is a particular branch of power electronic systems, although it is similar to other power electronic systems, it has its own specialties. Under such a background, this dissertation proposes distributed control architecture, communication model and software integration for power electronics system integration, and it presents parallel converters system and multi-phase motor motion control system based on building blocks and system integration. Some meaningful conclusions have been obtained.
According to the requirement of power electronic integrated system, distributed and hierarchical control architecture was discussed, and its communication model was put forward based on OSI model, as well as the mapping relationship between control architecture and communication model was analyzed. With mapping to communication model, layers of architecture are clearly defined, which aren't closely related to each other, and easy to upgrade and expand. Basic structures of control architecture were concluded by comparing their characteristics, disadvantages and application fields.
By comparative analysis, it was indicated that dataflow style and object-oriented dataflow style are proper software architectures for distributed power conversion systems. Programming criterions of dataflow style, based on DSP, were concluded. The theory of object-oriented dataflow style and its application in software programming of distributed motion control system were introduced. A method named incremental design process was presented for object-oriented dataflow style. A typical V/f control for induction motor was used to verify advantages and application of the presented method. It is of great significance for power conversion software integration design designed or programmed with the method of object-oriented dataflow style by common programming criterions.
Parallel operation of multi-converters built with system integration concept, was preliminarily studied. Parallel diode rectifier blocks were investigated, and current sharing strategy was presented to restrain circulating current. Parallel inverter blocks were investigated too, and the concept of "uniform modulation" was proposed while analyzing the circulating current problem. It has been concluded that there is no circulating current among parallel inverter blocks when their unattached output currents have the same frequency, phase, amplitude and uniform modulation. Active and reactive circulating current restrain were discussed respectively, and auto-master-slave synchronization control strategy for parallel operation of inverter blocks was presented. It is of great use that medium/high power converter is built by parallel low power converters with system integration concept.
A distributed VVVF control system for six-phase induction motor was based on power drive building blocks and system integration. SPWM control and SVPWM control for distributed control system were discussed respectively; simulation results verified their feasibility. With the same idea, the distributed SPWM/SVPWM control for other multi-phase motor could be realized.
The study on parallel converters system and multi-phase motor motion control system shows that motion control system integration is very meaningful in many cases. It is significant and worthwhile to investigate the theory of motion control system integration under the background of power electronics system integration.
引文
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