内陆平原区地下水环境质量评价
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摘要
水是人们赖以生存的不可缺少的宝贵资源。作为水资源重要组成部分的地下水,在我国半干旱与干旱的华北、西北地区,往往是主要的、甚至是唯一的生活以及工农业生产的供水水源。近些年来,随着经济的快速发展、人口的不断增加以及都市化进程的逐渐加快,内陆平原区地下水受到了严重的污染威胁。因此,防止地下水污染,保障生活以及工农业的正常用水是实现内陆平原区地下水资源的可持续利用的首要任务。
以焉耆县平原区为例,采用Piper图解法对研究区的地下水化学类型进行分析,并且分别分析了潜水和承压水中矿化度和Na~++K+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)和HCO_3~-含量的相关性。结果表明:潜水中矿化度与Na~++K+、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)呈现较好的相关性;承压水矿化度与Na~++K~+、Ca~(2+)、Cl-和SO4~(2-)呈现较好的相关性。
借助SPSS软件计算地下水环境背景值,从而得到地下水环境背景值特征数,将焉耆县研究区作为一个环境单元,选取K~++Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-、TDS等7个水质指标,指标含量分布类型分别为对数正态分布和正态分布。
采用模糊综合评价法对焉耆县平原区浅层地下水水质进行评价,结果表明:Ⅰ类水、Ⅱ类水、Ⅲ类水、Ⅳ类水、Ⅴ类水监测井分别占总监测井数的14%、3%、24%、7%、52% ;Ⅳ类水和Ⅴ类水监测井占总监测井数的59%,浅层地下水水质总体较差。
利用DRAV模型对地下水脆弱性进行评价,结果表明:高脆弱性区分布于研究区西北和东北部(占总面积的21.46%),中等脆弱区分布于西北、东北和东南部(占总面积的71.74%)。脆弱性评价结果与硝酸盐含量分布基本一致,由此说明应用DRAV模型评价焉耆县地下水水质脆弱性是可行性的。
Water is essential resource on which human beings rely for existence. As an important part of water, groundwater is the main even only source of water of life, industry and agriculture in arid North China and northwest area. With the quick economic development, increasingly population and fast urbanization in recent years, the groundwater is polluted seriously in inland plains. Therefore, we should prevent groundwater pollution so that we can realize the normal water utilization of life, industry and agriculture. This is the primary task to achieve the sustainable utilization of groundwater in inland plains.
Taking Yanqi County Plain in Xinjiang as an example, it analyses the chemical types of the groundwater in the study areas with Piper graphic method and the relevance between TDS and content of Na~++K~+, Mg~(2+), Ca~(2+), Cl~-, SO_4~(2-) and HCO_3~- of unconfined aquifer and confined aquifer.The results show that the relevance between TDS and content of Na~++ K+, Mg~(2+), Cl~-and SO_4~(2-) is better in unconfined aquifer; the relevance between TDS and content of Na++ K~+, Ca~(2+), Cl~- and SO_4~(2-)is better in confined water.
It uses SPSS software to calculate groundwater environmental background values in order to gain characteristic numbers on groundwater environmental background values. Taking Yanqi County as an environmental unit, it selects seven water quality index such as the K+ + Na+, Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), Cl~-, SO_4~(2-), HCO_3~-, TDS and so on. Index content distribution type are log-normal distribution and normal distribution.
It evaluates the shallow groundwater quality in Yanqi County plain using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the results show that the total monitoring wells ofⅠ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,ⅠandⅤtype are respectively 14% , 3%, 24%, 7%, 52%;ⅠandⅤt ype is 59%;,the overall water quality of shallow groundwater is worse.
It uses DRAV model to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater.The results show that: high vulnerability zone locates in the northwest and northeast of the study area (of the total area 21.46%), medium vulnerability areas locat in northwest, northeast and southeast (of the total area 71.74%). Vulnerability assessment results are nearly in line with the distribution of nitrate content. Thus it illustrates the application of DRAV model to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater quality in Yanji County is feasible.
以焉耆县平原区为例,采用Piper图解法对研究区的地下水化学类型进行分析,并且分别分析了潜水和承压水中矿化度和Na~++K+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)和HCO_3~-含量的相关性。结果表明:潜水中矿化度与Na~++K+、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)呈现较好的相关性;承压水矿化度与Na~++K~+、Ca~(2+)、Cl-和SO4~(2-)呈现较好的相关性。
借助SPSS软件计算地下水环境背景值,从而得到地下水环境背景值特征数,将焉耆县研究区作为一个环境单元,选取K~++Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-、TDS等7个水质指标,指标含量分布类型分别为对数正态分布和正态分布。
采用模糊综合评价法对焉耆县平原区浅层地下水水质进行评价,结果表明:Ⅰ类水、Ⅱ类水、Ⅲ类水、Ⅳ类水、Ⅴ类水监测井分别占总监测井数的14%、3%、24%、7%、52% ;Ⅳ类水和Ⅴ类水监测井占总监测井数的59%,浅层地下水水质总体较差。
利用DRAV模型对地下水脆弱性进行评价,结果表明:高脆弱性区分布于研究区西北和东北部(占总面积的21.46%),中等脆弱区分布于西北、东北和东南部(占总面积的71.74%)。脆弱性评价结果与硝酸盐含量分布基本一致,由此说明应用DRAV模型评价焉耆县地下水水质脆弱性是可行性的。
Water is essential resource on which human beings rely for existence. As an important part of water, groundwater is the main even only source of water of life, industry and agriculture in arid North China and northwest area. With the quick economic development, increasingly population and fast urbanization in recent years, the groundwater is polluted seriously in inland plains. Therefore, we should prevent groundwater pollution so that we can realize the normal water utilization of life, industry and agriculture. This is the primary task to achieve the sustainable utilization of groundwater in inland plains.
Taking Yanqi County Plain in Xinjiang as an example, it analyses the chemical types of the groundwater in the study areas with Piper graphic method and the relevance between TDS and content of Na~++K~+, Mg~(2+), Ca~(2+), Cl~-, SO_4~(2-) and HCO_3~- of unconfined aquifer and confined aquifer.The results show that the relevance between TDS and content of Na~++ K+, Mg~(2+), Cl~-and SO_4~(2-) is better in unconfined aquifer; the relevance between TDS and content of Na++ K~+, Ca~(2+), Cl~- and SO_4~(2-)is better in confined water.
It uses SPSS software to calculate groundwater environmental background values in order to gain characteristic numbers on groundwater environmental background values. Taking Yanqi County as an environmental unit, it selects seven water quality index such as the K+ + Na+, Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), Cl~-, SO_4~(2-), HCO_3~-, TDS and so on. Index content distribution type are log-normal distribution and normal distribution.
It evaluates the shallow groundwater quality in Yanqi County plain using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the results show that the total monitoring wells ofⅠ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,ⅠandⅤtype are respectively 14% , 3%, 24%, 7%, 52%;ⅠandⅤt ype is 59%;,the overall water quality of shallow groundwater is worse.
It uses DRAV model to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater.The results show that: high vulnerability zone locates in the northwest and northeast of the study area (of the total area 21.46%), medium vulnerability areas locat in northwest, northeast and southeast (of the total area 71.74%). Vulnerability assessment results are nearly in line with the distribution of nitrate content. Thus it illustrates the application of DRAV model to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater quality in Yanji County is feasible.
引文
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