海表温度异常对东亚夏季风年代际变化影响的数值模拟研究
|
摘要
本文采用1950～2000年观测的不同海域(全球、热带外、热带、热带印度洋—太平洋、热带印度洋及热带太平洋)海表温度分别驱动NCAR Cam3全球大气环流模式,进行了多组长时间积分试验,对比ERA-40再分析资料,讨论了这些海域海表温度异常(SSTA)对东亚夏季风及其环流系统主要成员年代际变化的影响。主要结论如下:
(1)气候海表温度驱动全球大气环流模式模拟的大气内部变化中,东亚夏季风及其环流系统主要成员的自然变率主要表现为年际变率;东亚夏季风及南亚高压具有较明显的年代际变化特征,而西北太平洋副热带高压和东半球越赤道气流的年代际变化特征不明显;东亚夏季风与大气内部的EU型遥相关波列关系较密切。
(2)全球、热带、热带印度洋—太平洋和热带太平洋海表温度变化对东亚夏季风的年代际变化均具有重要作用,热带太平洋是关键海区。利用观测的全球、热带、热带印度洋—太平洋及热带太平洋海表温度分别驱动全球大气环流模式均能模拟出东亚夏季风在20世纪70年代中后期发生的年代际减弱现象,与观测结果较一致;利用热带外海表温度驱动全球大气环流模式的数值试验结果表明,热带外海表温度异常对东亚夏季风年代际变化的影响小;利用观测的热带印度洋海表温度驱动全球大气环流模式的数值试验结果表明,当热带印度洋海表温度年代际偏暖(冷)时,东亚夏季风年代际增强(减弱),与热带太平洋海表温度变化对东亚夏季风年代际变化的影响相反。
(3)数值试验结果表明,全球、热带、热带印度洋—太平洋和热带印度洋海表温度变化均对夏季西北太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化有重要作用,即在这些海域的海表温度变化影响下,西北太平洋副热带高压均在20世纪70年代中后期发生年代际变化,其后副高面积增大、强度增强、位置偏西、偏南,这与观测结果较一致;热带太平洋海表温度变化对夏季西北太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化也有重要作用,在其作用下,夏季西北太平洋副热带高压的强度、面积在20世纪60年代后期发生年代际变化,西伸脊点在60年代初发生年代际变化,南界在70年代中后期发生年代际变化,这些时段以后副高强度增强、面积增大、偏西、偏南;热带外海表温度变化对西北太平洋副热带高压年代际变化作用较小。
(4)数值试验结果表明,热带太平洋海表温度变化对南亚高压的年代际变化有重要影响。热带太平洋海表温度的EOF第三模态,即“三明治”海温分布型(赤道东太平洋海表温度与其西北、西南海表温度呈反位相变化)具有明显的年代际变化特征,与南亚高压年代际变化的关系密切。
(5)全球、热带、热带印度洋—太平洋及热带太平洋海表温度变化均对越赤道气流在20世纪70年代中后期的年代际变化具有重要作用,热带太平洋是关键海区。利用观测的全球、热带、热带太平洋—印度洋和热带太平洋海表温度分别驱动全球大气环流模式均能模拟出索马里、120°E和150°E越赤道气流在20世纪70年代中后期由弱变强的年代际变化特征,其中模拟的索马里越赤道气流年代际变化特征与观测结果较一致,而热带外及热带印度洋海表温度分别驱动全球大气环流模式均未能模拟出此年代际变化现象。
(6)热带太平洋海表温度的年代际背景变化对东亚夏季风、西北太平洋副热带高压、南亚高压及东半球越赤道气流的年代际变化具有重要作用;热带印度洋海表温度的年代际背景变化也对西北太平洋副热带高压年代际变化具有重要作用。这些作用主要表现在:当热带太平洋海表温度处于暖背景年代(1981～1998年)时,东亚夏季风减弱,西北太平洋副热带高压面积增大、位置偏南、偏西南亚高压强度增强、面积增大、位置东伸、西扩、南压,夏季索马里、120°E、150°E越赤道气流强度均增强;当热带太平洋海表温度处于冷背景年代(1958～1975年)时,东亚夏季风及其环流系统主要成员的年代际变化情形基本与之相反。西北太平洋副高在热带印度洋暖背景年代比热带印度洋冷背景年代面积大、位置偏西。
Used are the 1950-2000 observational SSTs from global, extratropical, tropical oceans, Indian Ocean-Pacific at tropics, tropical Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific, with each of them to conduct experiments by means of the NCAR Cam3 as the global atmospheric model, with the results compared to ERA-40 reanalysis in order to address the SSTA impact on inter-decadal change of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the principal members of its circulation systems. The following are of note.
1) The Cam3-simulated natural variability is dominantly the interannual variation in the main members of the summer monsoon and its circulations, with the monsoon and the south Asian high (western Pacific subtropical high and eastern hemispheric cross-equatorial flow) marked by more distinct (unremarkable) interdecadal variation and a close relation exists of the monsoon to atmospheric EU teleconnection wavetrain.
2) The simulated EASM by means of observational SSTs of global/tropical oceans, Indian Ocean-Pacific at tropics and tropical Pacific shows an interdecadal weakening process to be in the mid-late 1970s, in better agreement with observations, thereby demonstrating that SSTA in these ocean regions play an active role in the interdecadal variability of the summer monsoon. The tropical Pacific is the key basin. The numerical experiment with extratropical SSTs indicates that the SSTA there has lower impact upon the interdecadal change of the monsoon. The modelings using tropical Indian Ocean SSTs demonstrates that the monsoon interdecadal variability is strengthened (weakened) when these SSTA are warmer (colder) than mean on an interdecadal basis with its variability opposite to that related to the tropical Pacific SSTs.
3) Modelings show that variations in SSTs of global/tropical oceans, Indian Ocean -Pacific at tropics and tropical Indian Ocean exert pronounced impacts upon the interdecadal variability of western Pacific subtropical highs in summer, i.e., an interdecadal change happening to the highs'in the mid-late 1970s, after which the high's area is enlarged, its vigor is intensified and position is west- and/or southward of mean, all in better harmony with in situ observations. Also, change in tropic Pacific SST is innegligible to the interdecadal variation of the western Pacific subtropical high in summer, whose strength and area experience interdecadal variability in the late 1960s, with its westward extending point (southern boundary) undergoing an interdecadal variation early in the 1960s (mid-late 1970s), after which its intensity is amplified, its area is enlarged and position west- and/or southward compared to mean. In comparison, change in extratropical SSTs has little effect on the interdecadal variability of the subtropical high.
4) Simulations show that change in tropical Pacific SSTs plays an important role the interdecadal variation of the south Asian high. The related EOF3 mode is the "sandwich" looking SST pattern, implying the change in equatorial eastern Pacific SST contrary to those in SSTs to the north and south of the eastern equatorial Pacific, which is marked by distinct interdecadal variation, in close association with that of the south Asian high.
5) In the context of SSTs from global/tropical oceans, tropical Indian Ocean-Pacific and tropical Pacific the Cam3-reproduces the interdecadal variation of the cross-equatorial flows over Somali, 120°E and 150°E that change toward a strong phase in the middle - late 1970s, with the emulated Somalian airflow closer to observations, failing to simulate the interdecadal variation by using SSTs of extratropical and tropical Indian Ocean, thereby illustrating the prominent impacts on the interdecadal variability of the cross-equatorial air exerted by the change in SSTs over global/tropical oceans, tropical Pacific - Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific, the tropical Pacific acting as the key region.
6) As a background, the interdecadal variation of tropical Pacific SST has important effects upon the equivalent scale change in east Asian summer monsoon, western Pacific subtropical high, south Asian high and cross-equatorial air of the eastern hemisphere The tropical Indian SST as the interdecadal background has prominent influence upon the interdecadal variation of the western Pacific subtropical high in the following aspects. When tropical Pacific SSTs are in a warm background (1981-1998), East Asian summer monsoon reduces in vigor, the subtropical high increases in area, and is positioned south- and/or westward, the south Asian high is intensified, expanding its size with its position extending eastward, expanding westward and moved southward, in conjunction with reinforcement of summer cross-equatorial air at Somali, 120°E and 150°E, and v.v. to great extent when tropical Pacific SST is in a cold background (1958-1975). On the other hand, the western Pacific subtropical high is larger in size and positioned westward of mean when tropical Indian SST is in a warm background compared to tropical Indian SST in a cold background.
(1)气候海表温度驱动全球大气环流模式模拟的大气内部变化中,东亚夏季风及其环流系统主要成员的自然变率主要表现为年际变率;东亚夏季风及南亚高压具有较明显的年代际变化特征,而西北太平洋副热带高压和东半球越赤道气流的年代际变化特征不明显;东亚夏季风与大气内部的EU型遥相关波列关系较密切。
(2)全球、热带、热带印度洋—太平洋和热带太平洋海表温度变化对东亚夏季风的年代际变化均具有重要作用,热带太平洋是关键海区。利用观测的全球、热带、热带印度洋—太平洋及热带太平洋海表温度分别驱动全球大气环流模式均能模拟出东亚夏季风在20世纪70年代中后期发生的年代际减弱现象,与观测结果较一致;利用热带外海表温度驱动全球大气环流模式的数值试验结果表明,热带外海表温度异常对东亚夏季风年代际变化的影响小;利用观测的热带印度洋海表温度驱动全球大气环流模式的数值试验结果表明,当热带印度洋海表温度年代际偏暖(冷)时,东亚夏季风年代际增强(减弱),与热带太平洋海表温度变化对东亚夏季风年代际变化的影响相反。
(3)数值试验结果表明,全球、热带、热带印度洋—太平洋和热带印度洋海表温度变化均对夏季西北太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化有重要作用,即在这些海域的海表温度变化影响下,西北太平洋副热带高压均在20世纪70年代中后期发生年代际变化,其后副高面积增大、强度增强、位置偏西、偏南,这与观测结果较一致;热带太平洋海表温度变化对夏季西北太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化也有重要作用,在其作用下,夏季西北太平洋副热带高压的强度、面积在20世纪60年代后期发生年代际变化,西伸脊点在60年代初发生年代际变化,南界在70年代中后期发生年代际变化,这些时段以后副高强度增强、面积增大、偏西、偏南;热带外海表温度变化对西北太平洋副热带高压年代际变化作用较小。
(4)数值试验结果表明,热带太平洋海表温度变化对南亚高压的年代际变化有重要影响。热带太平洋海表温度的EOF第三模态,即“三明治”海温分布型(赤道东太平洋海表温度与其西北、西南海表温度呈反位相变化)具有明显的年代际变化特征,与南亚高压年代际变化的关系密切。
(5)全球、热带、热带印度洋—太平洋及热带太平洋海表温度变化均对越赤道气流在20世纪70年代中后期的年代际变化具有重要作用,热带太平洋是关键海区。利用观测的全球、热带、热带太平洋—印度洋和热带太平洋海表温度分别驱动全球大气环流模式均能模拟出索马里、120°E和150°E越赤道气流在20世纪70年代中后期由弱变强的年代际变化特征,其中模拟的索马里越赤道气流年代际变化特征与观测结果较一致,而热带外及热带印度洋海表温度分别驱动全球大气环流模式均未能模拟出此年代际变化现象。
(6)热带太平洋海表温度的年代际背景变化对东亚夏季风、西北太平洋副热带高压、南亚高压及东半球越赤道气流的年代际变化具有重要作用;热带印度洋海表温度的年代际背景变化也对西北太平洋副热带高压年代际变化具有重要作用。这些作用主要表现在:当热带太平洋海表温度处于暖背景年代(1981～1998年)时,东亚夏季风减弱,西北太平洋副热带高压面积增大、位置偏南、偏西南亚高压强度增强、面积增大、位置东伸、西扩、南压,夏季索马里、120°E、150°E越赤道气流强度均增强;当热带太平洋海表温度处于冷背景年代(1958～1975年)时,东亚夏季风及其环流系统主要成员的年代际变化情形基本与之相反。西北太平洋副高在热带印度洋暖背景年代比热带印度洋冷背景年代面积大、位置偏西。
Used are the 1950-2000 observational SSTs from global, extratropical, tropical oceans, Indian Ocean-Pacific at tropics, tropical Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific, with each of them to conduct experiments by means of the NCAR Cam3 as the global atmospheric model, with the results compared to ERA-40 reanalysis in order to address the SSTA impact on inter-decadal change of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the principal members of its circulation systems. The following are of note.
1) The Cam3-simulated natural variability is dominantly the interannual variation in the main members of the summer monsoon and its circulations, with the monsoon and the south Asian high (western Pacific subtropical high and eastern hemispheric cross-equatorial flow) marked by more distinct (unremarkable) interdecadal variation and a close relation exists of the monsoon to atmospheric EU teleconnection wavetrain.
2) The simulated EASM by means of observational SSTs of global/tropical oceans, Indian Ocean-Pacific at tropics and tropical Pacific shows an interdecadal weakening process to be in the mid-late 1970s, in better agreement with observations, thereby demonstrating that SSTA in these ocean regions play an active role in the interdecadal variability of the summer monsoon. The tropical Pacific is the key basin. The numerical experiment with extratropical SSTs indicates that the SSTA there has lower impact upon the interdecadal change of the monsoon. The modelings using tropical Indian Ocean SSTs demonstrates that the monsoon interdecadal variability is strengthened (weakened) when these SSTA are warmer (colder) than mean on an interdecadal basis with its variability opposite to that related to the tropical Pacific SSTs.
3) Modelings show that variations in SSTs of global/tropical oceans, Indian Ocean -Pacific at tropics and tropical Indian Ocean exert pronounced impacts upon the interdecadal variability of western Pacific subtropical highs in summer, i.e., an interdecadal change happening to the highs'in the mid-late 1970s, after which the high's area is enlarged, its vigor is intensified and position is west- and/or southward of mean, all in better harmony with in situ observations. Also, change in tropic Pacific SST is innegligible to the interdecadal variation of the western Pacific subtropical high in summer, whose strength and area experience interdecadal variability in the late 1960s, with its westward extending point (southern boundary) undergoing an interdecadal variation early in the 1960s (mid-late 1970s), after which its intensity is amplified, its area is enlarged and position west- and/or southward compared to mean. In comparison, change in extratropical SSTs has little effect on the interdecadal variability of the subtropical high.
4) Simulations show that change in tropical Pacific SSTs plays an important role the interdecadal variation of the south Asian high. The related EOF3 mode is the "sandwich" looking SST pattern, implying the change in equatorial eastern Pacific SST contrary to those in SSTs to the north and south of the eastern equatorial Pacific, which is marked by distinct interdecadal variation, in close association with that of the south Asian high.
5) In the context of SSTs from global/tropical oceans, tropical Indian Ocean-Pacific and tropical Pacific the Cam3-reproduces the interdecadal variation of the cross-equatorial flows over Somali, 120°E and 150°E that change toward a strong phase in the middle - late 1970s, with the emulated Somalian airflow closer to observations, failing to simulate the interdecadal variation by using SSTs of extratropical and tropical Indian Ocean, thereby illustrating the prominent impacts on the interdecadal variability of the cross-equatorial air exerted by the change in SSTs over global/tropical oceans, tropical Pacific - Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific, the tropical Pacific acting as the key region.
6) As a background, the interdecadal variation of tropical Pacific SST has important effects upon the equivalent scale change in east Asian summer monsoon, western Pacific subtropical high, south Asian high and cross-equatorial air of the eastern hemisphere The tropical Indian SST as the interdecadal background has prominent influence upon the interdecadal variation of the western Pacific subtropical high in the following aspects. When tropical Pacific SSTs are in a warm background (1981-1998), East Asian summer monsoon reduces in vigor, the subtropical high increases in area, and is positioned south- and/or westward, the south Asian high is intensified, expanding its size with its position extending eastward, expanding westward and moved southward, in conjunction with reinforcement of summer cross-equatorial air at Somali, 120°E and 150°E, and v.v. to great extent when tropical Pacific SST is in a cold background (1958-1975). On the other hand, the western Pacific subtropical high is larger in size and positioned westward of mean when tropical Indian SST is in a warm background compared to tropical Indian SST in a cold background.
引文
[1]王绍武,朱锦红.国外关于年代际气候变率的研究.气象学报,1999,57(3):376-383.
[2]李崇银,朱锦红,孙照渤.年代际气候研究.气候与环境研究,2002,7(2):209-219.
[3]孙照渤,陈海山.年代际气候变化的研究进展.山东气象,2004,24(1):5-9.
[4]杨修群,朱益民,谢倩,任雪娟,徐桂玉.太平洋年代际振荡的研究进展.大气科学,2004,28(6):979-992.
[5]Fye,F.K.,Stahle,D.W.,Cook,E.R.Paleoclimatic analogs to twentieth-century moisture regimes across the United States.Bull.Amen Meteo.Soc.,2003,84:901-909.
[6]Woodhouse,C.A.,Overpeck,J.T.2000 years of drought variability in the central United States.Bull.Amer.Meteo.Soc.,1998,79:2693-2714.
[7]马宗晋,高庆华.中国第四纪气候变化和未来北方干旱灾害分析.第四纪研究,2004,24(3):245-251.
[8]Wang,T.,Yang,B.A.Braeuning et al.,Decadal-scale precipitation variations in arid and semiarid zones of northern China during the last 500 years.Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49:842-848.
[9]黄荣辉.我国气候灾害的特征、成因和预测研究进展.中国科学院院刊,1999,(3):188-191.
[10]黄荣辉,陈际龙,周连童,张庆云.关于中国重大气候灾害与东亚气候系统之间关系的研究,大气科学,2003,27(4):770-787.
[11]张先恭,李小泉.本世纪我国气温变化的特征.气象学报,1982,40(2):198-208.
[12]屠其璞.近百年来我国气温变化的趋势和周期.南京气象学院学报,1984,2(3):151-161.
[13]王绍武.近百年来气候变化与变率的诊断研究.气象学报,1994,52(3):261-273.
[14]施能,陈家其,屠其璞.中国近100年来4个年代际的气候变化特征.气象学报,1995,53(4):431-439.
[15]王绍武,龚道溢,叶瑾琳,陈振华.1880年以来中国东部四季降水量序列及其变率.地理学报,2000,55(3):281-293.
[16]于淑秋,林学椿,徐祥德.中国气温的年代际振荡及其未来趋势.气象科技,2003,31(3): 136-139.
[17]王琼,张铭.中国及周边地区气温年代际变化的研究.气候与环境研究,2003,8(4):451-456.
[18]江志红,丁裕国,屠其璞.中国近50年冬夏季极端气温场的年代际空间型态及其演变特征研究.应用气象学报,1999,10(增刊):97-103.
[19]周连童,黄荣辉.关于我国夏季气候年代际变化特征及其可能成因的研究.气候与环境研究,2003,8(3):274-290.
[20]王绍武,赵宗慈.我国旱涝36年周期及其产生机制.气象学报,1979,37(1):64-73.
[21]Zhu,J.H.,Wang,S.W.80a-Oscillation of Summer Rainfall over the East Part of China and East-Asian Summer Monsoon.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2001,18(5):1045-1051.
[22]朱锦红,王绍武,慕巧珍.华北夏季降水80年振荡及其与东亚夏季风的关系.自然科学进展,2003,13(11):1205-1209.
[23]严中伟,季劲钧,叶笃正.60年代北半球夏季气候跃变Ⅰ.降水和温度变化.中国科学,B辑,1990,(1):97-103.
[24]严中伟,季劲钧,叶笃正.60年代北半球夏季气候跃变Ⅱ.海平面气压和500 hPa高度变化.中国科学,B辑,1990,(8):879-885.
[25]符淙斌,王强.南亚夏季风气候的突变现象及其与全球迅速增暖的同步性.中国科学,B辑,1991,(6):666-672.
[26]符淙斌.气候突变现象的研究.大气科学,1994,18(3):373-384
[27]黄荣辉,徐予红,周连童.我国夏季降水的年代际变化及华北干旱化趋势.高原气象,1999,18(4):465-476.
[28]陈烈庭.华北各区夏季降水年际和年代际变化的地域性特征.高原气象,1999,18(4):477-485.
[29]张庆云.1880年以来华北降水及水资源的变化.高原气象,1999,18(4):486-495.
[30]陆日宇.华北汛期降水量变化中年代际和年际尺度的分离.大气科学,2002,26(5):611-624.
[31]Ren,B.H.,Lu,R.Y.,Xiao,Z.N.A possible linkage in the interdecadal variability of rainfall over North China and the Sahel.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2004,21(5):699-707.
[32]侯依玲,李栋梁,施雅风,沈永平.50a来我国东北及邻近地区年降水量的年代际异常变化.冰川冻土.2005,27(6):838-845.
[33]Gong,D.Y.,Ho,C.H.Shift in the summer rainfall over the Yangtze River valley in the late 1970s,Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(10),10.1029/2001GL014523.
[34]Zhang,Q.,Wu,G..Q.The large area flood and drought over Yangtze River valley and its relation to the South Asia High.Chinese Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2001,59(5):569-577.
[35]Tao,S.Y.,Chen,L.X.A review of recent research on the East Asian summer monsoon in China.In:Change C P,Krishnamuti T N,Eds.Monsoon Meteorology,Oxford Univ.Press,1987:60-92.
[36]薛峰,王会军,何金海.马斯克林高压和澳大利亚高压的年际变化及其对东亚夏季风降水的影响.科学通报,2003,48(3):287-291.
[37]郭其蕴,蔡静宁,邵雪梅,沙万英.1873～2000年东亚夏季风变化的研究.大气科学,2004,28(2):206-215.
[38]Wang,H.J.The weakening of the Asian monsoon circulation after the end of 1970's.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2001,18(3):376-386.
[39]Chang,C.P.,Zhang,Y.S.,Li,T.Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs.Part Ⅰ:Roles of the subtropical ridge.J.Climate,2000,13:4310-4325.
[40]吕俊梅,任菊章,琚建华.东亚夏季风的年代际变化对中国降水的影响.高原气象,2004,20(1):73-80.
[41]Tao Shiyan,Chen Longxun.The East Asian summer monsoon.Proceedings of International Conference on Monsoon in the Far East,Tokyo,Nov.5-8,1985:1-11.
[42]黄士松.有关副热带高压活动及其预报问题的研究.大气科学,1978,2(2):159-167.
[43]彭加毅,孙照渤,朱伟军.70年代末大气环流及中国旱涝分布的突变.南京气象学院学报,1999,22(3):300-304.
[44]龚道溢,何学兆.西太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化及其气候影响.地理学报,2002, 57(2):185-193.
[45]李春,孙照渤.中纬度阻塞高压指数与华北夏季降水的联系.南京气象学院学报,2003,26(4):458-464.
[46]张琼,钱永甫,张学洪.南亚高压的年际和年代际变化.大气科学,2000,24(1):67-78.
[47]Huang,R.H.Decadal variability of the summer monsoon in East Asia and its association with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific.CLIVAR Exchange,2001,2(1):7-8.
[48]Zeng,G.,Sun,Z.B.,Wang,W-C.,Min,J.Z.Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon and associated atmospheric circulation.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2007,24(5):915-926.
[49]李峰,何金海.北太平洋海温异常与东亚夏季风相互作用的年代际变化.热带气象学报,2000,16(3):260-271.
[50]柳艳香,郭裕福.中高纬度气压系统异常对东亚夏季风年代际变化的影响.高原气象,2005,24(2):129-135.
[51]艾丽坤.对20世纪70年代中后期Walker环流异常减弱的分析.气候与环境研究,2004,9(2):303-315.
[52]Zhang,Y.,Li,T.,Wang,B.Decadal change of the spring snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau:The Associated circulation and influence on the East Asian summer monsoon.J.Climate,2004,17(1):2780-2793.
[53]刘华强,孙照渤,朱伟军.青藏高原积雪与亚洲季风环流年代际变化的关系.南京气象学院学报,2003,26(6):733-739.
[54]朱玉祥,丁一汇,徐怀刚.青藏高原大气热源和冬春积雪玉中国东部降水的年代际变化关系.气象学报,2007,65(6):946-957.
[55]魏凤英.长江中下游夏季降水异常变化与若干强迫因子的关系.大气科学,2006,30(2):202-211.
[56]Menon,S.,Hansen,J.,Nazarenko,L.,Luo,Y.Climate effects of black carbon aerosols In China and India,Science,2002,297:2250-2253.
[57]Graham,N.E.,Barnett,T.P.,Chervin,R.M.,et al.Comparison of GCM and Observed surface wind fields over tropical Indian and Pacific Ocean,J.Atmos.Sci.,1998,46:760-788.
[58]李发明,吴爱明.模式大气中的年代际变化.热带气象学报,2000,16(4):327-335.
[59]李崇银,穆明权,毕训强.大气环流的年代际变化Ⅱ.GCM数值模拟研究,大气科学,2000,24(6):739-748.
[60]曾刚,孙照渤,王维强,等.东亚夏季风年代际变化—基于全球观测海表温度驱动NCAR Cam3的模拟分析,气候与环境研究,2007,12(2):221-224.
[61]Han,J.P.,Wang,H.J.Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon in an AGCM,Adv.Atmos.Sci..,2007,24(5):808-818.
[1]Collins,W.D.,and Coauthors.Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3).Tech.Rep.NCAR/TN-464 STR,National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder,CO,2004,226 pp.
[2]Collins,W.D.and coauthors.The formulation and atmospheric simulation of the Community Atmosphere Model Version 3(CAM3).J.Climate,2006,19(11):2144-2161.
[3]Washington,W.M.Documentation for the Community Climate Model CCM),Version(?).Tech.Rep.,National Centerfor Atmospheric Research,Boulder,CO,1982,222 pp
[4]Williamson,D.L.Description of NCAR Community Climate Model(CCMOB).Tech.Rep.NCAR/TN-210+STR,National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder,CO,1983,88pp.
[5]Williamson,D.L.,Kiehl,J.T.,Ramanathan,V.,Dickinson,R.E.,Hack,J.J.Description of NCAR Community Climate Model(CCMI).Tech.Rep.NCAR/TN-285_STR,National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder,CO,1987,112 pp.
[6]Hack,J.J.,Boville,B.A.,Briegleb,B.P.,Kiehl,J.T.,Rasch,P.J.,Williamson,D.L.Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model(CCM2).Tech.Rep.NCAR/TN-382_STR,National Center for Atmospheric Research,1993,120pp.
[7]Kiehl,J.T.,Hack,Bonan,J.G.,Boville,B.,Briegleb,B.,Williamson,D.,Rasch,P.Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model(CCM3).Tech.Rep.NCAR/TN-420_STR,National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder,CO,1996,152 pp.
[8]Kiehl,J.T.,Gent,P.R.The Community Climate System Model,Version Two.J.Climate,2004,17:3666-3682.
[9]Hurrell,J.W.,Hack,J.J.,Phillips,A.S.,Caron,J.,Yin,J.The Dynamical Simulation of the Community Atmosphere Model Version 3(CAM3).J.Climate,2006,19(11):2162-2183.
[10]魏东,王亚非,董敏.日本东部附近海域海温异常对鄂霍次克海高压的影响.气象学报,2006,64(4):518-526.
[11]魏东,王亚非,董敏.NCAR Cam3模式大气环流对日本东部附近海域海温异常的响应.热带气象学报,2007,23(5):435-443.
[12]Wei,D.,Wang,Y.F.,Dong,M.Effects of sea surface temperature anomalies of the East Coast of Japan on Development of the Okhotsk High,Acta Meteo.Sinica.2007,21(2):234-244.
[13]曾刚,孙照渤,王维强,等.东亚夏季风年代际变化—基于全球观测海表温度驱动NCAR Cam3的模拟分析,气候与环境研究,2007,12(2):221-224.
[14]吴国雄,刘还珠.降水对热带海表温度异常的邻域响应Ⅰ.数值模拟,大气科学,1995,19(4):422-434.
[15]Smith,T.M.,Reynolds,R.W.Improved Extended Reconstruction of SST(1854-1997).J.Climate,2004,17(12):2466-2477.
[16]Krishnamurti,T.N.Tropical east-west circulations during the northern summer,J.Atmos.Sci.,1971,28:1342-1347.
[17]Krishnamurti,T.N.,Kanamitsu,M.,Koss,W.J.,Lee,J.D.Tropical east-west circulations during the northern winter,J.Atmos.Sci.,1973,30:780-787.
[1]江志红,屠其璞,施能.年代际气候低频变率诊断研究进展.地球科学进展,2000,15(3):342-347.
[2]王绍武,朱锦红.国外关于年代际气候变率的研究.气象学报,1999,57(3):378-383.
[3]IPCC.Climate Change.The Scientific Basis.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[4]IPCC.Climate Change.The Physical Science Basis—Summary for policymaker,2007.
[5]王绍武,赵宗慈,龚道溢,周天军.现代气候学概论.北京:气象出版社,2005.
[6]Huang Gang.An index measuring the interannual variation of the East Asian summer monsoon-The EAP index.Advances in Atmospheric Science,2004,21(1):41-52.
[7]黄刚,严中伟.东亚夏季风环流异常指数及其年际变化.科学通报,1999,44(2):421-424
[8]郭其蕴.东亚夏季风强度指数及其变化的分析.地理学报,1983,38(3):207-217.
[9]乔云亭,陈烈庭,张庆云.东亚季风指数的定义及其与中国气候的关系.大气科学,2002,26(1):69-82.
[10]王亚非,张雁,陈菊英.一个能反映梅雨现象的东亚夏季风指数.气候与环境研究,2001,6(2):146-152
[11]Li Jianping,Zeng Qingcun.A new monsoon index and geographical distribution of the global monsoon.Advances in Atmospheric Science,2003,20(2):299-302.
[12]Tao Shiyan,Chen Longxun.The East Asian summer monsoon.Proceedings of International Conference on Monsoon in the Far East,Tokyo,Nov.5-8,1985:1-11.
[13]黄士松.有关副热带高压活动及其预报问题的研究.大气科学,1978,2(2):159-167.
[14]赵振国.中国夏季旱涝及环境场.北京:气象出版社,1999:297.
[15]陶诗言,朱福康.夏季亚洲南部100hPa流型的变化及其与太平洋副热带高压进退的关系.气象学报,1964,34(4):385-395.
[16]罗四维,钱正安,王谦谦.夏季100毫巴青藏高压与我国东部旱涝关系的天气气候研究.高原气象,1982,1(2):1-10.
[17]张琼,钱永甫,张学洪.南亚高压的年际和年代际变化.大气科学,2000,24(1):67-78.
[18]Tao,S.,and L.Chen.A review of recent on the East Asian summer monsoon in China.Monsoon Meteorology.C.-P.Chang and T.N.Krishnamurti,Eds.,Oxford University Press,1987:60-92
[19]曾庆存,李建平.南北两半球大气的相互作用和季风的本质.大气科学,2002,26:433-448.
[20]薛峰.南半球环流变化对东亚夏季风的影响.气候与环境研究,2005,10:401-408.
[21]范可,王会军.有关南半球大气环流与东亚气候的关系研究的若干新进展.大气科学,2006,30:402-412.
[22]陶诗言,何诗秀,杨祖辉.1979年季风试验期间东亚地区夏季风爆发时期的观测研究.大气科学,1983,7:347-355
[23]陈隆勋,金祖辉.夏季东亚季风环流系统内中期变化的南北半球相互作用.全国热带季风学术会议文集.昆明:云南出版社,1982:218-231.
[24]王继志,李麦村.源于澳洲过赤道气流与中国夏季环流和降水.大气科学,1982,6:1-10.
[1]竺可桢.东南季风与中国之雨量.地理学报,1934,1:1-27.
[2]Chang,C.P.,Zhang,Y.S.,Li,T.Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs.Part Ⅰ:Roles of the subtropical ridge.Journal of Climate,2000,13:4310-4325.
[3]Ho,C.H.,Lee,J.Y.,Ahn,M.H.,et al.A sudden change in summer rainfall characteristics in Korea during the late 1970s.Inter..J.Climatology,2003,23:117-128.
[4]郭其蕴,蔡静宁,邵雪梅,等.1873～2000年东亚夏季风变化的研究.大气科学,2004,28(2):206-215.
[5]陆日宇.华北汛期降水量变化中年代际和年际尺度的分离.大气科学,2002,26(5):611-624.
[6]Wang,H.J.The weakening of the Asian monsoon circulation after the end of 1970's.Adv.Atmos.Sci,2001,18(3):376-386.
[7]柳艳香,郭裕福.中高纬度气压系统异常对东亚夏季风年代际变化的影响.高原气象,2005,24(2):129-135.
[8]周连童,黄荣辉.华北地区降水、蒸发和降水蒸发差的时空变化特征.气候与环境研究,2006,11(3):280-295.
[9]周连童,黄荣辉.关于我国夏季气候年代际变化特征及其可能成因的研究.气候与环境研究,2003,8(3):274-290.
[10]张人禾,李强.热带海洋变异对东亚季风的影响.气象2004,30(12):22-26.
[11]臧增亮,包军,赵建宇,张铭.ENSO对东亚夏季风和我国夏季降水的影响研究进展,解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,6(4):394-398.
[12]Huang,R.H.Decadal variability of the summer monsoon in East asia and its associated with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific.CLIVAR Exchange,2001,2(1):7-8.
[13]朱益民,杨修群.太平洋年代际振荡与中国气候变率的联系,气象学报,2003,61(6):641-654.
[14]黄荣辉,蔡榕硕,陈际龙等.我国旱涝气候灾害的年代际变化与东亚气候系统变化的关系.大气科学,2006,30(5):730-743.
[15]Rajendran,K.,Kitoh,A.,Yukimoto,S.South and East Asian summer monsoon climate and variation in the MRI coupled model(MRI-CGCM2).J.Climate,2004,17(4):763-782
[16]Kang,I.S.,Jin,K.,Wang,B.,et al.Intercomparison of the climatological variations of Asian summer monsoon precipitation simulated by 10 GCMs.Climate Dynamics,2002,19:383-395
[17]袁佳双,郑庆林.热带海表温度持续异常对东亚初夏大气环流的影响.气象,2005,31(12):10-17.
[18]李忠贤,孙照渤.冬季黑潮SSTA影响东亚夏季风的数值试验,南京气象学院学报,2006,29(1):62-67.
[19]曾刚,孙照渤,王维强,等.东亚夏季风年代际变化—基于全球观测海表温度驱动NCAR Cam3的模拟分析,气候与环境研究,2007,12(2):221-224.
[20]Han,J.P.,Wang,H.J.Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon in an AGCM,Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2007,24(5):808-818
[21]Huang,G.An index measuring the interannual variation of the East Asian summer monsoon-The EAP index.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2004,21(1):41-52
[22]Zhang,Y.,Wallace,J.M.,Battisti,D.S.ENSO-like interdecadal variability:1900-93.J.Climate,10:1004-1020.
[23]Zeng,G.Sun,Z.B.,Wang,W-C.,Min,J.Z.Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon and associated atmospheric circulation.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2007,24(5):915-926.
[24]Zhang,Y.,Li,T.,Wang,B.Decadal change of the spring snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau:The associated circulation and influence on the East Asian summer monsoon.J.Climate,2004,17(1):2780-2793.
[25]Menon,S.,Hansen,Nazarenko,L.,Luo,Y.Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India,Science,2002,297:2250-2253.
[1]Tao,T.Y.,Chen,L.X.A review of recent research on the East Asia Summer Monsoon in China.Monsoon Meteorology.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1987:60-92.
[2]陶诗言,卫捷.再论夏季西太平洋副热带高压的西伸北跳,应用气象学报,2006,17(5):513-525.
[3]黄先香,炎利军,施能.华南前汛期旱涝影响因子和预报方法.热带气象学报,2006,22(5):431-438.
[4]黄士松,汤明敏.副热带高压位置一年中南北变动的一些特征及其意义.南京大学学报(自然科学),1962,2:41-56.
[5]刘屹岷,吴国雄.副热带高压研究回顾及几个基本问题的再认识.气象学报,2000,58(4):500-512.
[6]吴国雄,丑纪范,刘屹岷,等.副热带高压形成和变异的动力学问题.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[7]方之芳,高玉庄,代民.极地海冰对北太平洋副热带高压影响的可能途径,海洋学报,1986,8(5):558-565.
[8]陈明萱.海面温度对西北太平洋副热带高压的影响,海洋学报,1986,8(3):307-313.
[9]Angell,J.K.Comparison of variation in atmospheric quantities with sea surface temperature variations in the equatorial eastern Pacific.Mon.Wea.Rev.,1981,109:230-243.
[10]Zhang,R.,Sumi,A.,Kimoto,M.Impact of El Nino on the East Asian monsoon:A diagnostic study of the '86/87 and '91/92 events.J.Meteor Soc Japan,1996,74:49-62.
[11]Zhang,R.,Sumi,A.,Kimoto,M.A diagnostic study of the impact of El Nino on the precipitation in China.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,1999,16:229-241.
[12]龚道溢,王绍武.南北半球副热带高压对赤道东太平洋海温变化的响应.海洋学报,1998,20(5):44-54.
[13]彭加毅.ENSO对西太平洋副高的影响与东亚季风的相互作用研究.南京气象学院博士学位论文,1999.
[14]王成林,邹力.西太平洋副热带高压的年际变率及其与ENSO的相关性.热带气象学报,2004,20(2):137-144.
[15]Sun,S.Q.,Ying,M.Subtropical anomalies over the western Pacific and its relations to Asia monsoon and SST anomaly,Adv.Atmos.Sci.,1999,16(4):559-568.
[16]陈烈庭.北太平洋副热带高压与赤道东部海温的相互作用.大气科学,1982,6(2):148-156.
[17]罗绍华,金祖辉.北印度洋和南海海温异常对夏季环流及长江中下游梅雨期旱涝关系的探讨.气象科学技术集刑(季风论文专集).北京:气象出版社,1987:41-50.
[18]蒋国荣,沙文钰,蔡剑平.印度洋和北太平洋海温与夏季西太平洋副热带高压长期变动的关系.海洋预报,1991,8(1):16-24.
[19]吴国雄,刘还珠.降水对热带海表温度异常的邻域响应Ⅰ.数值模拟.大气科学,1995,19(4):422-434.
[20]吴国雄,刘平,刘屹岷,李伟平.印度洋海温异常对西太平副热带高压的影响—大气中的两级热力适应.气象学报,2000,58(5):513-522.
[21]李丽平,王盘兴,李弘,等.北太平洋区域浅层海温与海平面气压场年代际异常关系的分析.热带气象学报,2003,19(4):357-366.
[22]彭加毅,孙照渤,朱伟军.70年代末大气环流及中国旱涝分布的突变.南京气象学院学报,1999,22(3):300-304.
[23]龚道溢,何学兆.西太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化及其气候影响.地理学报,2002,57(2),185-193.
[24]Chang,C.R,Zhang,Y.S.,Li,T.Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs.Part Ⅰ:Roles of the subtropical ridge.J.Climate,2000,13:4310-4325.
[25]谭桂容,孙照渤.西太平洋副高与华北旱涝的关系,热带气象学报,2004,20(2):206-211.
[26]Huang,R.H.Decadal variability of the summer monsoon in East asia and its associated with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific.CLIVAR Exchange,2001,2(1):7-8.
[27]Zhang,Y.,Wallace,J.M.,Battisti,D.S.ENSO-iike interdecadal variability:1900-93.J.Climate,10:1004-1020.
[28]Zeng,G.,Sun,Z.B.,Wang,W-C.,Min,J.Z.Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon and associated atmospheric circulation.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2007,24(5):915-926.
[29]杨明珠,丁一汇,李维京,毛恒青.印度洋海表温度主模态及其与亚洲夏季季风的关系.气象学报,2007,65(4):527-536.
[30]曾刚,孙照渤,王维强,等.东亚夏季风年代际变化—基于全球观测海表温度驱动NCAR Cam3的模拟分析.气候与环境研究,2007,12(2):221-224.
[1]朱福康,陆龙骅,陈咸吉,等.南亚高压:北京:科学出版社,1980.
[2]Tao,S.,Chen,L.A review of recent on the East Asian summer monsoon in China.Monsoon Meteorology,C.-P.Chang and T.N.Krishnamurti,Eds.,Oxford University Press,1987:60-92.
[3]Mason.R.B.,Anderson,C.E.The development and decay of the 100mb summertime anticyclone over Southern Asia.Mon.Wea.Rev.1958,91:3-12
[4]陶诗言,朱福康.夏季亚洲南部100 hPa流型的变化及其与太平洋副热带高压进退的关系,气象学报,1964,34(4):385-395.
[5]陈桂英,廖荃荪.100 hPa南亚高压和我国夏季降水.气象科学技术集刊.北京:气象出版社,1983,6:41-51.
[6]罗四维,钱正安,王谦谦.夏季100毫巴青藏高压与我国东部旱涝关系的天气气候研究.高原气象,1982,1(2):1-10.
[7]邹坚峰.南亚高压脊线南北活动规律数值试验.气象学报,1991,49(1):96-99.
[8]张琼.南亚高压的演变规律、机制及其对区域气候的影响.南京大学博士学位论文,1999.
[9]马振锋.高原季风强弱对南亚高压活动的影响.高原气象,2003,22(2):143-146.
[10]黄樱,钱永甫.南亚高压与华北夏季降水的关系.高原气象,2003,22(6):602-607.
[11]张琼,钱永甫,张学洪.南亚高压的年际和年代际变化.大气科学,2000,24(1):67-78.
[12]钱永甫,张琼,张学洪.南亚高压与我国盛夏气候异常.南京大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(3):295-307.
[13]徐忠峰,钱永甫.100 hPa高压环流和东风气流的季节、年际和年代际变化.热带气象学报,2003,19(3):225-233.
[14]谭晶.夏季南亚高压的东西振荡特征.南京气象学院硕士学位论文,2004.
[15]杨辉,李崇银.热带太平洋—印度洋海温异常综合模对南亚高压的影响,大气科学,2005,29(1):99-110.
[16]刘还珠,赵声蓉,赵翠光,等.2003年夏季异常天气与西太副高和南亚高压演变特征的分析.高原气象,2006,25(2):169-178.
[17]Zhou,N.F.,Yu,Y.Q.,Qian,Y.F.Simulations of the 100-hPa South Asian High and Precipitation over East Asia with IPCC Coupled GCMs.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2006,23(3):3875-390.
[18]李崇银,穆明权.赤道印度洋海温偶极子型振荡及其气候影响,大气科学,2001,25(4):433-443.
[19]曾刚,孙照渤,王维强,等.东亚夏季风年代际变化—基于全球观测海表温度驱动NCAR Cam3的模拟分析,气候与环境研究,2007,12(2):221-224.
[20]朱娜.印度洋季风环流年代际变化及其与大气环流的关系.中国海洋大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[21]Huang,R.H.Decadal variability of the summer monsoon in East asia and its associated with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific. CLIVAR Exchange, 2001, 2(1): 7-8.
[22] Zhang, Y., Wallace, J.M., Battisti, D. S. ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1900-93. J. Climate, 10: 1004-1020.-
[23] Zeng, G, Sun, Z. B., Wang, W-C., Min, J. Z. Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon and associated atmospheric circulation. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 2007,24(5): 915-926.
[1]Tao,S.,Chen,L.A review of recent on the East Asian summer monsoon in China.Monsoon Meteorology,C.-P.Chang and T.N.Krishnamurti,Eds.,Oxford University Press,1987:60-92。
[2]陈隆勋,金祖辉.夏季东亚季风环流系统内中期变化的南北半球相互作用.全国热带季风学术会议文集.昆明:云南出版社,1982:218-231;
[3]Simpson,G.The Southwest Monsoon.Q.J.R.Met.Soc,1921,47(199):151-172.
[4]Findlater,J.A major low-level air near the Indian Ocean during the northern summer.Quart.J.Roy.Met.Soc.,1969,95:91-103.
[5]Krishnamurti,T.N.Numerical simulation of the Somali Jet.J.Atmos.Sci.,1976,33:2350-2362.
[6]Bannon,P.R.On the dynamics of the East African jet,Ⅰ:Simulation of mean condition for July.J.Atmos.Sci.,1979,36:2139-2152.
[7]Bannon,P.R.On the dynamics of the East African jet,Ⅱ:Jet transient.J.Atmos.Sci.,1979,36:2153-2168.
[8]陈于湘.夏季西太平洋越赤道气流的谱分析.大气科学,1980,4(4):363-368.
[9]王兴东,陶诗言.西太平洋越赤道气流的初步研究.海洋学报,1984,6(2):160-173.
[10]李曾中,楼光平.北半球夏季风时期东半球越赤道气流通道的研究.大气科学,1987,11(3):313-319.
[11]陈兵,郭品文,向渝川.夏季低空越赤道气流与ENSO关系.南京气象学院学报,2005,28(1):36-43.
[12]施能,封国林,顾骏强,谷德军.1948～2004年全球越赤道气候变化.热带气象学报,2007,23(4):326-332.
[13]彭维耿,蒋尚城.越赤道气流特征及其年际变化特征初探.热带气象学报,2003,19(1):87-93.
[14]陶诗言,何诗秀,杨祖辉.1979年季风试验期间东亚地区夏季风爆发时期的观测研究.大气科学,1983,7:347-355。
[15]王继志,李麦村.源于澳洲过赤道气流与中国夏季环流和降水.大气科学,1982,6:1-10。
[16]丛菁,管兆勇,王黎娟.夏季亚澳季风区两支越赤道气流年(代)际变化及其与夏季风活动的联系.南京气象学院学报,2007,30(6):779-785.
[17]王会军,薛峰.索马里急流的年际变化及其对半球间水汽输送和东亚夏季降水的影响.地球物理学报,2003,46:18-25
[18]Zhang,Y.,Wallace,J.M.,Battisti,D.S.ENSO-like interdecadal variability:1900-93.J.Climate,10:1004-1020.
[19]周连童,黄荣辉.关于我国夏季气候年代际变化特征及其可能成因的研究.气候与环境 研究,2003,8(3):274-290.
[20]黄荣辉,徐予红,周连童.我国夏季降水的年代际变化及华北干旱化趋势.高原气象,1999,18(4):465-476。
[21]Huang,R.H.Decadal variability of the summer monsoon in East Asia and its association with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific,CLIVAR Exchange,2001,2(1):7-8.
[22]Wang,B.Interdecadal changes in El Nino onset in the last four decades.J.Climate,1995,8:267-285.
[23]徐建军,朱乾根.印度与东亚夏季风环流对ENSO及其年代际异常响应的数值研究.大气科学,1999,23(2):214-226.
[2]李崇银,朱锦红,孙照渤.年代际气候研究.气候与环境研究,2002,7(2):209-219.
[3]孙照渤,陈海山.年代际气候变化的研究进展.山东气象,2004,24(1):5-9.
[4]杨修群,朱益民,谢倩,任雪娟,徐桂玉.太平洋年代际振荡的研究进展.大气科学,2004,28(6):979-992.
[5]Fye,F.K.,Stahle,D.W.,Cook,E.R.Paleoclimatic analogs to twentieth-century moisture regimes across the United States.Bull.Amen Meteo.Soc.,2003,84:901-909.
[6]Woodhouse,C.A.,Overpeck,J.T.2000 years of drought variability in the central United States.Bull.Amer.Meteo.Soc.,1998,79:2693-2714.
[7]马宗晋,高庆华.中国第四纪气候变化和未来北方干旱灾害分析.第四纪研究,2004,24(3):245-251.
[8]Wang,T.,Yang,B.A.Braeuning et al.,Decadal-scale precipitation variations in arid and semiarid zones of northern China during the last 500 years.Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49:842-848.
[9]黄荣辉.我国气候灾害的特征、成因和预测研究进展.中国科学院院刊,1999,(3):188-191.
[10]黄荣辉,陈际龙,周连童,张庆云.关于中国重大气候灾害与东亚气候系统之间关系的研究,大气科学,2003,27(4):770-787.
[11]张先恭,李小泉.本世纪我国气温变化的特征.气象学报,1982,40(2):198-208.
[12]屠其璞.近百年来我国气温变化的趋势和周期.南京气象学院学报,1984,2(3):151-161.
[13]王绍武.近百年来气候变化与变率的诊断研究.气象学报,1994,52(3):261-273.
[14]施能,陈家其,屠其璞.中国近100年来4个年代际的气候变化特征.气象学报,1995,53(4):431-439.
[15]王绍武,龚道溢,叶瑾琳,陈振华.1880年以来中国东部四季降水量序列及其变率.地理学报,2000,55(3):281-293.
[16]于淑秋,林学椿,徐祥德.中国气温的年代际振荡及其未来趋势.气象科技,2003,31(3): 136-139.
[17]王琼,张铭.中国及周边地区气温年代际变化的研究.气候与环境研究,2003,8(4):451-456.
[18]江志红,丁裕国,屠其璞.中国近50年冬夏季极端气温场的年代际空间型态及其演变特征研究.应用气象学报,1999,10(增刊):97-103.
[19]周连童,黄荣辉.关于我国夏季气候年代际变化特征及其可能成因的研究.气候与环境研究,2003,8(3):274-290.
[20]王绍武,赵宗慈.我国旱涝36年周期及其产生机制.气象学报,1979,37(1):64-73.
[21]Zhu,J.H.,Wang,S.W.80a-Oscillation of Summer Rainfall over the East Part of China and East-Asian Summer Monsoon.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2001,18(5):1045-1051.
[22]朱锦红,王绍武,慕巧珍.华北夏季降水80年振荡及其与东亚夏季风的关系.自然科学进展,2003,13(11):1205-1209.
[23]严中伟,季劲钧,叶笃正.60年代北半球夏季气候跃变Ⅰ.降水和温度变化.中国科学,B辑,1990,(1):97-103.
[24]严中伟,季劲钧,叶笃正.60年代北半球夏季气候跃变Ⅱ.海平面气压和500 hPa高度变化.中国科学,B辑,1990,(8):879-885.
[25]符淙斌,王强.南亚夏季风气候的突变现象及其与全球迅速增暖的同步性.中国科学,B辑,1991,(6):666-672.
[26]符淙斌.气候突变现象的研究.大气科学,1994,18(3):373-384
[27]黄荣辉,徐予红,周连童.我国夏季降水的年代际变化及华北干旱化趋势.高原气象,1999,18(4):465-476.
[28]陈烈庭.华北各区夏季降水年际和年代际变化的地域性特征.高原气象,1999,18(4):477-485.
[29]张庆云.1880年以来华北降水及水资源的变化.高原气象,1999,18(4):486-495.
[30]陆日宇.华北汛期降水量变化中年代际和年际尺度的分离.大气科学,2002,26(5):611-624.
[31]Ren,B.H.,Lu,R.Y.,Xiao,Z.N.A possible linkage in the interdecadal variability of rainfall over North China and the Sahel.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2004,21(5):699-707.
[32]侯依玲,李栋梁,施雅风,沈永平.50a来我国东北及邻近地区年降水量的年代际异常变化.冰川冻土.2005,27(6):838-845.
[33]Gong,D.Y.,Ho,C.H.Shift in the summer rainfall over the Yangtze River valley in the late 1970s,Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(10),10.1029/2001GL014523.
[34]Zhang,Q.,Wu,G..Q.The large area flood and drought over Yangtze River valley and its relation to the South Asia High.Chinese Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2001,59(5):569-577.
[35]Tao,S.Y.,Chen,L.X.A review of recent research on the East Asian summer monsoon in China.In:Change C P,Krishnamuti T N,Eds.Monsoon Meteorology,Oxford Univ.Press,1987:60-92.
[36]薛峰,王会军,何金海.马斯克林高压和澳大利亚高压的年际变化及其对东亚夏季风降水的影响.科学通报,2003,48(3):287-291.
[37]郭其蕴,蔡静宁,邵雪梅,沙万英.1873～2000年东亚夏季风变化的研究.大气科学,2004,28(2):206-215.
[38]Wang,H.J.The weakening of the Asian monsoon circulation after the end of 1970's.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2001,18(3):376-386.
[39]Chang,C.P.,Zhang,Y.S.,Li,T.Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs.Part Ⅰ:Roles of the subtropical ridge.J.Climate,2000,13:4310-4325.
[40]吕俊梅,任菊章,琚建华.东亚夏季风的年代际变化对中国降水的影响.高原气象,2004,20(1):73-80.
[41]Tao Shiyan,Chen Longxun.The East Asian summer monsoon.Proceedings of International Conference on Monsoon in the Far East,Tokyo,Nov.5-8,1985:1-11.
[42]黄士松.有关副热带高压活动及其预报问题的研究.大气科学,1978,2(2):159-167.
[43]彭加毅,孙照渤,朱伟军.70年代末大气环流及中国旱涝分布的突变.南京气象学院学报,1999,22(3):300-304.
[44]龚道溢,何学兆.西太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化及其气候影响.地理学报,2002, 57(2):185-193.
[45]李春,孙照渤.中纬度阻塞高压指数与华北夏季降水的联系.南京气象学院学报,2003,26(4):458-464.
[46]张琼,钱永甫,张学洪.南亚高压的年际和年代际变化.大气科学,2000,24(1):67-78.
[47]Huang,R.H.Decadal variability of the summer monsoon in East Asia and its association with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific.CLIVAR Exchange,2001,2(1):7-8.
[48]Zeng,G.,Sun,Z.B.,Wang,W-C.,Min,J.Z.Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon and associated atmospheric circulation.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2007,24(5):915-926.
[49]李峰,何金海.北太平洋海温异常与东亚夏季风相互作用的年代际变化.热带气象学报,2000,16(3):260-271.
[50]柳艳香,郭裕福.中高纬度气压系统异常对东亚夏季风年代际变化的影响.高原气象,2005,24(2):129-135.
[51]艾丽坤.对20世纪70年代中后期Walker环流异常减弱的分析.气候与环境研究,2004,9(2):303-315.
[52]Zhang,Y.,Li,T.,Wang,B.Decadal change of the spring snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau:The Associated circulation and influence on the East Asian summer monsoon.J.Climate,2004,17(1):2780-2793.
[53]刘华强,孙照渤,朱伟军.青藏高原积雪与亚洲季风环流年代际变化的关系.南京气象学院学报,2003,26(6):733-739.
[54]朱玉祥,丁一汇,徐怀刚.青藏高原大气热源和冬春积雪玉中国东部降水的年代际变化关系.气象学报,2007,65(6):946-957.
[55]魏凤英.长江中下游夏季降水异常变化与若干强迫因子的关系.大气科学,2006,30(2):202-211.
[56]Menon,S.,Hansen,J.,Nazarenko,L.,Luo,Y.Climate effects of black carbon aerosols In China and India,Science,2002,297:2250-2253.
[57]Graham,N.E.,Barnett,T.P.,Chervin,R.M.,et al.Comparison of GCM and Observed surface wind fields over tropical Indian and Pacific Ocean,J.Atmos.Sci.,1998,46:760-788.
[58]李发明,吴爱明.模式大气中的年代际变化.热带气象学报,2000,16(4):327-335.
[59]李崇银,穆明权,毕训强.大气环流的年代际变化Ⅱ.GCM数值模拟研究,大气科学,2000,24(6):739-748.
[60]曾刚,孙照渤,王维强,等.东亚夏季风年代际变化—基于全球观测海表温度驱动NCAR Cam3的模拟分析,气候与环境研究,2007,12(2):221-224.
[61]Han,J.P.,Wang,H.J.Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon in an AGCM,Adv.Atmos.Sci..,2007,24(5):808-818.
[1]Collins,W.D.,and Coauthors.Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3).Tech.Rep.NCAR/TN-464 STR,National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder,CO,2004,226 pp.
[2]Collins,W.D.and coauthors.The formulation and atmospheric simulation of the Community Atmosphere Model Version 3(CAM3).J.Climate,2006,19(11):2144-2161.
[3]Washington,W.M.Documentation for the Community Climate Model CCM),Version(?).Tech.Rep.,National Centerfor Atmospheric Research,Boulder,CO,1982,222 pp
[4]Williamson,D.L.Description of NCAR Community Climate Model(CCMOB).Tech.Rep.NCAR/TN-210+STR,National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder,CO,1983,88pp.
[5]Williamson,D.L.,Kiehl,J.T.,Ramanathan,V.,Dickinson,R.E.,Hack,J.J.Description of NCAR Community Climate Model(CCMI).Tech.Rep.NCAR/TN-285_STR,National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder,CO,1987,112 pp.
[6]Hack,J.J.,Boville,B.A.,Briegleb,B.P.,Kiehl,J.T.,Rasch,P.J.,Williamson,D.L.Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model(CCM2).Tech.Rep.NCAR/TN-382_STR,National Center for Atmospheric Research,1993,120pp.
[7]Kiehl,J.T.,Hack,Bonan,J.G.,Boville,B.,Briegleb,B.,Williamson,D.,Rasch,P.Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model(CCM3).Tech.Rep.NCAR/TN-420_STR,National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder,CO,1996,152 pp.
[8]Kiehl,J.T.,Gent,P.R.The Community Climate System Model,Version Two.J.Climate,2004,17:3666-3682.
[9]Hurrell,J.W.,Hack,J.J.,Phillips,A.S.,Caron,J.,Yin,J.The Dynamical Simulation of the Community Atmosphere Model Version 3(CAM3).J.Climate,2006,19(11):2162-2183.
[10]魏东,王亚非,董敏.日本东部附近海域海温异常对鄂霍次克海高压的影响.气象学报,2006,64(4):518-526.
[11]魏东,王亚非,董敏.NCAR Cam3模式大气环流对日本东部附近海域海温异常的响应.热带气象学报,2007,23(5):435-443.
[12]Wei,D.,Wang,Y.F.,Dong,M.Effects of sea surface temperature anomalies of the East Coast of Japan on Development of the Okhotsk High,Acta Meteo.Sinica.2007,21(2):234-244.
[13]曾刚,孙照渤,王维强,等.东亚夏季风年代际变化—基于全球观测海表温度驱动NCAR Cam3的模拟分析,气候与环境研究,2007,12(2):221-224.
[14]吴国雄,刘还珠.降水对热带海表温度异常的邻域响应Ⅰ.数值模拟,大气科学,1995,19(4):422-434.
[15]Smith,T.M.,Reynolds,R.W.Improved Extended Reconstruction of SST(1854-1997).J.Climate,2004,17(12):2466-2477.
[16]Krishnamurti,T.N.Tropical east-west circulations during the northern summer,J.Atmos.Sci.,1971,28:1342-1347.
[17]Krishnamurti,T.N.,Kanamitsu,M.,Koss,W.J.,Lee,J.D.Tropical east-west circulations during the northern winter,J.Atmos.Sci.,1973,30:780-787.
[1]江志红,屠其璞,施能.年代际气候低频变率诊断研究进展.地球科学进展,2000,15(3):342-347.
[2]王绍武,朱锦红.国外关于年代际气候变率的研究.气象学报,1999,57(3):378-383.
[3]IPCC.Climate Change.The Scientific Basis.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[4]IPCC.Climate Change.The Physical Science Basis—Summary for policymaker,2007.
[5]王绍武,赵宗慈,龚道溢,周天军.现代气候学概论.北京:气象出版社,2005.
[6]Huang Gang.An index measuring the interannual variation of the East Asian summer monsoon-The EAP index.Advances in Atmospheric Science,2004,21(1):41-52.
[7]黄刚,严中伟.东亚夏季风环流异常指数及其年际变化.科学通报,1999,44(2):421-424
[8]郭其蕴.东亚夏季风强度指数及其变化的分析.地理学报,1983,38(3):207-217.
[9]乔云亭,陈烈庭,张庆云.东亚季风指数的定义及其与中国气候的关系.大气科学,2002,26(1):69-82.
[10]王亚非,张雁,陈菊英.一个能反映梅雨现象的东亚夏季风指数.气候与环境研究,2001,6(2):146-152
[11]Li Jianping,Zeng Qingcun.A new monsoon index and geographical distribution of the global monsoon.Advances in Atmospheric Science,2003,20(2):299-302.
[12]Tao Shiyan,Chen Longxun.The East Asian summer monsoon.Proceedings of International Conference on Monsoon in the Far East,Tokyo,Nov.5-8,1985:1-11.
[13]黄士松.有关副热带高压活动及其预报问题的研究.大气科学,1978,2(2):159-167.
[14]赵振国.中国夏季旱涝及环境场.北京:气象出版社,1999:297.
[15]陶诗言,朱福康.夏季亚洲南部100hPa流型的变化及其与太平洋副热带高压进退的关系.气象学报,1964,34(4):385-395.
[16]罗四维,钱正安,王谦谦.夏季100毫巴青藏高压与我国东部旱涝关系的天气气候研究.高原气象,1982,1(2):1-10.
[17]张琼,钱永甫,张学洪.南亚高压的年际和年代际变化.大气科学,2000,24(1):67-78.
[18]Tao,S.,and L.Chen.A review of recent on the East Asian summer monsoon in China.Monsoon Meteorology.C.-P.Chang and T.N.Krishnamurti,Eds.,Oxford University Press,1987:60-92
[19]曾庆存,李建平.南北两半球大气的相互作用和季风的本质.大气科学,2002,26:433-448.
[20]薛峰.南半球环流变化对东亚夏季风的影响.气候与环境研究,2005,10:401-408.
[21]范可,王会军.有关南半球大气环流与东亚气候的关系研究的若干新进展.大气科学,2006,30:402-412.
[22]陶诗言,何诗秀,杨祖辉.1979年季风试验期间东亚地区夏季风爆发时期的观测研究.大气科学,1983,7:347-355
[23]陈隆勋,金祖辉.夏季东亚季风环流系统内中期变化的南北半球相互作用.全国热带季风学术会议文集.昆明:云南出版社,1982:218-231.
[24]王继志,李麦村.源于澳洲过赤道气流与中国夏季环流和降水.大气科学,1982,6:1-10.
[1]竺可桢.东南季风与中国之雨量.地理学报,1934,1:1-27.
[2]Chang,C.P.,Zhang,Y.S.,Li,T.Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs.Part Ⅰ:Roles of the subtropical ridge.Journal of Climate,2000,13:4310-4325.
[3]Ho,C.H.,Lee,J.Y.,Ahn,M.H.,et al.A sudden change in summer rainfall characteristics in Korea during the late 1970s.Inter..J.Climatology,2003,23:117-128.
[4]郭其蕴,蔡静宁,邵雪梅,等.1873～2000年东亚夏季风变化的研究.大气科学,2004,28(2):206-215.
[5]陆日宇.华北汛期降水量变化中年代际和年际尺度的分离.大气科学,2002,26(5):611-624.
[6]Wang,H.J.The weakening of the Asian monsoon circulation after the end of 1970's.Adv.Atmos.Sci,2001,18(3):376-386.
[7]柳艳香,郭裕福.中高纬度气压系统异常对东亚夏季风年代际变化的影响.高原气象,2005,24(2):129-135.
[8]周连童,黄荣辉.华北地区降水、蒸发和降水蒸发差的时空变化特征.气候与环境研究,2006,11(3):280-295.
[9]周连童,黄荣辉.关于我国夏季气候年代际变化特征及其可能成因的研究.气候与环境研究,2003,8(3):274-290.
[10]张人禾,李强.热带海洋变异对东亚季风的影响.气象2004,30(12):22-26.
[11]臧增亮,包军,赵建宇,张铭.ENSO对东亚夏季风和我国夏季降水的影响研究进展,解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,6(4):394-398.
[12]Huang,R.H.Decadal variability of the summer monsoon in East asia and its associated with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific.CLIVAR Exchange,2001,2(1):7-8.
[13]朱益民,杨修群.太平洋年代际振荡与中国气候变率的联系,气象学报,2003,61(6):641-654.
[14]黄荣辉,蔡榕硕,陈际龙等.我国旱涝气候灾害的年代际变化与东亚气候系统变化的关系.大气科学,2006,30(5):730-743.
[15]Rajendran,K.,Kitoh,A.,Yukimoto,S.South and East Asian summer monsoon climate and variation in the MRI coupled model(MRI-CGCM2).J.Climate,2004,17(4):763-782
[16]Kang,I.S.,Jin,K.,Wang,B.,et al.Intercomparison of the climatological variations of Asian summer monsoon precipitation simulated by 10 GCMs.Climate Dynamics,2002,19:383-395
[17]袁佳双,郑庆林.热带海表温度持续异常对东亚初夏大气环流的影响.气象,2005,31(12):10-17.
[18]李忠贤,孙照渤.冬季黑潮SSTA影响东亚夏季风的数值试验,南京气象学院学报,2006,29(1):62-67.
[19]曾刚,孙照渤,王维强,等.东亚夏季风年代际变化—基于全球观测海表温度驱动NCAR Cam3的模拟分析,气候与环境研究,2007,12(2):221-224.
[20]Han,J.P.,Wang,H.J.Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon in an AGCM,Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2007,24(5):808-818
[21]Huang,G.An index measuring the interannual variation of the East Asian summer monsoon-The EAP index.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2004,21(1):41-52
[22]Zhang,Y.,Wallace,J.M.,Battisti,D.S.ENSO-like interdecadal variability:1900-93.J.Climate,10:1004-1020.
[23]Zeng,G.Sun,Z.B.,Wang,W-C.,Min,J.Z.Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon and associated atmospheric circulation.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2007,24(5):915-926.
[24]Zhang,Y.,Li,T.,Wang,B.Decadal change of the spring snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau:The associated circulation and influence on the East Asian summer monsoon.J.Climate,2004,17(1):2780-2793.
[25]Menon,S.,Hansen,Nazarenko,L.,Luo,Y.Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India,Science,2002,297:2250-2253.
[1]Tao,T.Y.,Chen,L.X.A review of recent research on the East Asia Summer Monsoon in China.Monsoon Meteorology.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1987:60-92.
[2]陶诗言,卫捷.再论夏季西太平洋副热带高压的西伸北跳,应用气象学报,2006,17(5):513-525.
[3]黄先香,炎利军,施能.华南前汛期旱涝影响因子和预报方法.热带气象学报,2006,22(5):431-438.
[4]黄士松,汤明敏.副热带高压位置一年中南北变动的一些特征及其意义.南京大学学报(自然科学),1962,2:41-56.
[5]刘屹岷,吴国雄.副热带高压研究回顾及几个基本问题的再认识.气象学报,2000,58(4):500-512.
[6]吴国雄,丑纪范,刘屹岷,等.副热带高压形成和变异的动力学问题.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[7]方之芳,高玉庄,代民.极地海冰对北太平洋副热带高压影响的可能途径,海洋学报,1986,8(5):558-565.
[8]陈明萱.海面温度对西北太平洋副热带高压的影响,海洋学报,1986,8(3):307-313.
[9]Angell,J.K.Comparison of variation in atmospheric quantities with sea surface temperature variations in the equatorial eastern Pacific.Mon.Wea.Rev.,1981,109:230-243.
[10]Zhang,R.,Sumi,A.,Kimoto,M.Impact of El Nino on the East Asian monsoon:A diagnostic study of the '86/87 and '91/92 events.J.Meteor Soc Japan,1996,74:49-62.
[11]Zhang,R.,Sumi,A.,Kimoto,M.A diagnostic study of the impact of El Nino on the precipitation in China.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,1999,16:229-241.
[12]龚道溢,王绍武.南北半球副热带高压对赤道东太平洋海温变化的响应.海洋学报,1998,20(5):44-54.
[13]彭加毅.ENSO对西太平洋副高的影响与东亚季风的相互作用研究.南京气象学院博士学位论文,1999.
[14]王成林,邹力.西太平洋副热带高压的年际变率及其与ENSO的相关性.热带气象学报,2004,20(2):137-144.
[15]Sun,S.Q.,Ying,M.Subtropical anomalies over the western Pacific and its relations to Asia monsoon and SST anomaly,Adv.Atmos.Sci.,1999,16(4):559-568.
[16]陈烈庭.北太平洋副热带高压与赤道东部海温的相互作用.大气科学,1982,6(2):148-156.
[17]罗绍华,金祖辉.北印度洋和南海海温异常对夏季环流及长江中下游梅雨期旱涝关系的探讨.气象科学技术集刑(季风论文专集).北京:气象出版社,1987:41-50.
[18]蒋国荣,沙文钰,蔡剑平.印度洋和北太平洋海温与夏季西太平洋副热带高压长期变动的关系.海洋预报,1991,8(1):16-24.
[19]吴国雄,刘还珠.降水对热带海表温度异常的邻域响应Ⅰ.数值模拟.大气科学,1995,19(4):422-434.
[20]吴国雄,刘平,刘屹岷,李伟平.印度洋海温异常对西太平副热带高压的影响—大气中的两级热力适应.气象学报,2000,58(5):513-522.
[21]李丽平,王盘兴,李弘,等.北太平洋区域浅层海温与海平面气压场年代际异常关系的分析.热带气象学报,2003,19(4):357-366.
[22]彭加毅,孙照渤,朱伟军.70年代末大气环流及中国旱涝分布的突变.南京气象学院学报,1999,22(3):300-304.
[23]龚道溢,何学兆.西太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化及其气候影响.地理学报,2002,57(2),185-193.
[24]Chang,C.R,Zhang,Y.S.,Li,T.Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs.Part Ⅰ:Roles of the subtropical ridge.J.Climate,2000,13:4310-4325.
[25]谭桂容,孙照渤.西太平洋副高与华北旱涝的关系,热带气象学报,2004,20(2):206-211.
[26]Huang,R.H.Decadal variability of the summer monsoon in East asia and its associated with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific.CLIVAR Exchange,2001,2(1):7-8.
[27]Zhang,Y.,Wallace,J.M.,Battisti,D.S.ENSO-iike interdecadal variability:1900-93.J.Climate,10:1004-1020.
[28]Zeng,G.,Sun,Z.B.,Wang,W-C.,Min,J.Z.Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon and associated atmospheric circulation.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2007,24(5):915-926.
[29]杨明珠,丁一汇,李维京,毛恒青.印度洋海表温度主模态及其与亚洲夏季季风的关系.气象学报,2007,65(4):527-536.
[30]曾刚,孙照渤,王维强,等.东亚夏季风年代际变化—基于全球观测海表温度驱动NCAR Cam3的模拟分析.气候与环境研究,2007,12(2):221-224.
[1]朱福康,陆龙骅,陈咸吉,等.南亚高压:北京:科学出版社,1980.
[2]Tao,S.,Chen,L.A review of recent on the East Asian summer monsoon in China.Monsoon Meteorology,C.-P.Chang and T.N.Krishnamurti,Eds.,Oxford University Press,1987:60-92.
[3]Mason.R.B.,Anderson,C.E.The development and decay of the 100mb summertime anticyclone over Southern Asia.Mon.Wea.Rev.1958,91:3-12
[4]陶诗言,朱福康.夏季亚洲南部100 hPa流型的变化及其与太平洋副热带高压进退的关系,气象学报,1964,34(4):385-395.
[5]陈桂英,廖荃荪.100 hPa南亚高压和我国夏季降水.气象科学技术集刊.北京:气象出版社,1983,6:41-51.
[6]罗四维,钱正安,王谦谦.夏季100毫巴青藏高压与我国东部旱涝关系的天气气候研究.高原气象,1982,1(2):1-10.
[7]邹坚峰.南亚高压脊线南北活动规律数值试验.气象学报,1991,49(1):96-99.
[8]张琼.南亚高压的演变规律、机制及其对区域气候的影响.南京大学博士学位论文,1999.
[9]马振锋.高原季风强弱对南亚高压活动的影响.高原气象,2003,22(2):143-146.
[10]黄樱,钱永甫.南亚高压与华北夏季降水的关系.高原气象,2003,22(6):602-607.
[11]张琼,钱永甫,张学洪.南亚高压的年际和年代际变化.大气科学,2000,24(1):67-78.
[12]钱永甫,张琼,张学洪.南亚高压与我国盛夏气候异常.南京大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(3):295-307.
[13]徐忠峰,钱永甫.100 hPa高压环流和东风气流的季节、年际和年代际变化.热带气象学报,2003,19(3):225-233.
[14]谭晶.夏季南亚高压的东西振荡特征.南京气象学院硕士学位论文,2004.
[15]杨辉,李崇银.热带太平洋—印度洋海温异常综合模对南亚高压的影响,大气科学,2005,29(1):99-110.
[16]刘还珠,赵声蓉,赵翠光,等.2003年夏季异常天气与西太副高和南亚高压演变特征的分析.高原气象,2006,25(2):169-178.
[17]Zhou,N.F.,Yu,Y.Q.,Qian,Y.F.Simulations of the 100-hPa South Asian High and Precipitation over East Asia with IPCC Coupled GCMs.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2006,23(3):3875-390.
[18]李崇银,穆明权.赤道印度洋海温偶极子型振荡及其气候影响,大气科学,2001,25(4):433-443.
[19]曾刚,孙照渤,王维强,等.东亚夏季风年代际变化—基于全球观测海表温度驱动NCAR Cam3的模拟分析,气候与环境研究,2007,12(2):221-224.
[20]朱娜.印度洋季风环流年代际变化及其与大气环流的关系.中国海洋大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[21]Huang,R.H.Decadal variability of the summer monsoon in East asia and its associated with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific. CLIVAR Exchange, 2001, 2(1): 7-8.
[22] Zhang, Y., Wallace, J.M., Battisti, D. S. ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1900-93. J. Climate, 10: 1004-1020.-
[23] Zeng, G, Sun, Z. B., Wang, W-C., Min, J. Z. Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon and associated atmospheric circulation. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 2007,24(5): 915-926.
[1]Tao,S.,Chen,L.A review of recent on the East Asian summer monsoon in China.Monsoon Meteorology,C.-P.Chang and T.N.Krishnamurti,Eds.,Oxford University Press,1987:60-92。
[2]陈隆勋,金祖辉.夏季东亚季风环流系统内中期变化的南北半球相互作用.全国热带季风学术会议文集.昆明:云南出版社,1982:218-231;
[3]Simpson,G.The Southwest Monsoon.Q.J.R.Met.Soc,1921,47(199):151-172.
[4]Findlater,J.A major low-level air near the Indian Ocean during the northern summer.Quart.J.Roy.Met.Soc.,1969,95:91-103.
[5]Krishnamurti,T.N.Numerical simulation of the Somali Jet.J.Atmos.Sci.,1976,33:2350-2362.
[6]Bannon,P.R.On the dynamics of the East African jet,Ⅰ:Simulation of mean condition for July.J.Atmos.Sci.,1979,36:2139-2152.
[7]Bannon,P.R.On the dynamics of the East African jet,Ⅱ:Jet transient.J.Atmos.Sci.,1979,36:2153-2168.
[8]陈于湘.夏季西太平洋越赤道气流的谱分析.大气科学,1980,4(4):363-368.
[9]王兴东,陶诗言.西太平洋越赤道气流的初步研究.海洋学报,1984,6(2):160-173.
[10]李曾中,楼光平.北半球夏季风时期东半球越赤道气流通道的研究.大气科学,1987,11(3):313-319.
[11]陈兵,郭品文,向渝川.夏季低空越赤道气流与ENSO关系.南京气象学院学报,2005,28(1):36-43.
[12]施能,封国林,顾骏强,谷德军.1948～2004年全球越赤道气候变化.热带气象学报,2007,23(4):326-332.
[13]彭维耿,蒋尚城.越赤道气流特征及其年际变化特征初探.热带气象学报,2003,19(1):87-93.
[14]陶诗言,何诗秀,杨祖辉.1979年季风试验期间东亚地区夏季风爆发时期的观测研究.大气科学,1983,7:347-355。
[15]王继志,李麦村.源于澳洲过赤道气流与中国夏季环流和降水.大气科学,1982,6:1-10。
[16]丛菁,管兆勇,王黎娟.夏季亚澳季风区两支越赤道气流年(代)际变化及其与夏季风活动的联系.南京气象学院学报,2007,30(6):779-785.
[17]王会军,薛峰.索马里急流的年际变化及其对半球间水汽输送和东亚夏季降水的影响.地球物理学报,2003,46:18-25
[18]Zhang,Y.,Wallace,J.M.,Battisti,D.S.ENSO-like interdecadal variability:1900-93.J.Climate,10:1004-1020.
[19]周连童,黄荣辉.关于我国夏季气候年代际变化特征及其可能成因的研究.气候与环境 研究,2003,8(3):274-290.
[20]黄荣辉,徐予红,周连童.我国夏季降水的年代际变化及华北干旱化趋势.高原气象,1999,18(4):465-476。
[21]Huang,R.H.Decadal variability of the summer monsoon in East Asia and its association with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific,CLIVAR Exchange,2001,2(1):7-8.
[22]Wang,B.Interdecadal changes in El Nino onset in the last four decades.J.Climate,1995,8:267-285.
[23]徐建军,朱乾根.印度与东亚夏季风环流对ENSO及其年代际异常响应的数值研究.大气科学,1999,23(2):214-226.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |