鄱阳湖南矶山湿地土壤对氮的吸附与释放特性初步研究
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摘要
湿地是地球上重要的生存环境和生态系统。湿地土壤对氮等营养物质具有一定的吸附截留和释放作用,影响富营养化水平。本研究以鄱阳湖南矶山湿地自然保护区湿地土壤作为研究对象,采用现场采样与实验室模拟研究相结合的方法,测定了湿地土壤的理化性质、氮素的赋存状态和含量,为本区域进行氮的生物地球化学循环研究奠定基础。探讨了湿地土壤对氮的吸附与释放及其影响因素,确定了湿地接受和净化氮的最大能力和阈限,为湖泊水质的保持及鄱阳湖富营养化的控制提供基本的科学依据,为实现鄱阳湖湿地的可持续发展提供理论基础。
主要研究结果如下:
(1)土壤样品呈微酸性,pH变化范围和平均值分别为5.18～6.04和5.71,有机质含量的分布范围和平均值分别为:0.81%～3.83%和1.32%。湿地土壤表层总磷、总硫、总碳及碳氮比的平均值分别为477.36 mg/kg、1909.29 mg/kg、6690mg/kg、1.35。土壤表层全氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、碱解氮(K-N)、有机氮(OR-N)平均含量分别为4591 mg/kg、12.66 mg/kg、1.8 mg/kg、26.25 mg/kg、4598 mg/kg,土壤表层各形态氮素的含量在剖面中的分布特征是从表层到底层呈下降趋势。采用SPSS统计软件分析可知,土壤中各形态氮素之间有良好的相关性。
(2)土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附是一个复合动力学过程,本文以鄱阳湖南矶山湿地土壤为材料,进行了土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附特性及其影响因素的试验研究。结果表明,土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附在7h达到稳态,之后基本处于一种动态平衡,土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附速率最大值达到14.04 mg/kg·h。通过模型拟合得出,等温吸附曲线与常用的Langmuir和Freundlich吸附方程都有很好的相关性,其中以Langmuir方程式的拟合效果最佳。应用Langmuir方程拟合,计算得出土壤对NH_4~+-N平均最大物理吸附量、平衡常数和最大缓冲容量分别为:X_m=196.08mg/kg;k=0.45;MBC=88.27 mg/kg。环境因素对土壤NH_4~+-N的吸附有很大的影响,结果显示,pH对土壤吸附NH_4~+-N的影响显著,随着pH的上升,土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附量增加;水土比越大,吸附量越多;离子强度和温度对NH_4~+-N的吸附均有抑制作用。
(3)土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附—释放的过程是可逆的,亦即吸附的NH_4~+-N可以再次释放出来,吸附量越多,释放量越大。湿地土壤对NH_4~+-N释放特性的试验研究结果表明:土壤对NH_4~+-N的释放在12 h后基本达到平衡,最大释放速率为3.47 mg/kg·h。土样中NH_4~+-N的释放过程进行得较为缓慢,这对土壤氮的流失的研究提供了一定的理论依据和研究方向。
Wetland is important ecosystem and environment in globe.Its purification for nutrient from the water flow can relieve the water eutrophication,which are the results of the excess of nitrogen and phosphorus.Analyses were carried out by using the methods which connect real sampling sampling with Laboratory simulation to measure the physical and chemical characteristics,the speciation and the contents of nitrogen in Nanjishan wetland nature reserve.It provided a scientific basis for biogeochemical circulation of this area.The adsorption and desorption of nitrogen and the environmental factors had been also discussed in this paper.The results of the research ascertained the maximum adsorption of nitrogen by soil.The results provided a scientific basis for eutrophication controlling in Poyang Lake and it has important theoretical value for the sustainable development of the Poyang Lake wetland.The results were summarized as follows:
(1) The samples of soil in Nanjishan nature reserve were of light acidity.The distributed range and average value of the content of pH value in soil samples were 5.18～6.04 and 5.71 respectively.The distributed range and average value of the content of the organic in soil samples were 0.81%～3.83%and 1.32%respectively. The average value of the total phosphorus,total sulfur,total carbon and the carbon and nitrogen ratio were 477.36 mg/kg,1909.29 mg/kg,6690 mg/kg and 1.35 respectively.The average value of the total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available nitrogen and organic nitrogen were 4591 mg/kg,12.66 mg/kg,1.8 mg/kg,26.25 mg/kg and 4598 mg/kg respectively.The forms of nitrogen that we concerned were decreased from plow layer to subsoil in five paddy soil profile. Relevant analysis taken by SPSS showed that the forms of nitrogen had significantly correlated each other in plow layer.
(2) The adsorption of NH_4~+-N for the soil of Nanjishan was a complex dynamics process.In this paper,adsorptive characteristic of NH_4~+-N on soil in Nanjishan were analyzed in laboratory.The results indicated that process of sorption of NH_4~+-N on soil mainly occurred within 0～7 hours,and then reached a dynamic equilibrium.The maximum value of adsorption rate of NH_4~+-N reached 14.04 mg/kg.h.The research of isothermal adsorption indicated that the NH_4~+-N in the soil in Nanjishan had a good correlation with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations,especially,there was a significant correlation between the latter equation and the soil.According to the Langmuir adsorption equation,the maximum adsorption amount was 196.08 mg/kg soil,the adsorption constant was 0.45;MBC was 88.27 mg/kg soil.The adsorption was greatly influenced by environmental factors.The result indicated that,pH values had great influence on the sorption of NH_4~+-N,with the sorption ability increasing gradually as the increasing pH values and as the increasing of the water and soil ratio. High concentration of ion and temperature restrained NH_4~+-N.
(3) The adsorption and desorption were reciprocal processes.NH_4~+-N that adsorbed could release inversely.The desorption amount of NH_4~+-N in soil increased with the adsorbed amount.In this paper,desorption characteristic of NH_4~+-N on soil in Nanjishan were also analyzed in laboratory.The result indicated that it reached equilibrium after 12 hours,the maximum value of desorption rate of NH_4~+-N reached 3.47 mg/kg.h.The desorption amount of NH_4~+-N in the soil were mainly from the beginning of the process,and the process of desorption was very slow.The results provide a scientific basis for the in-depth study of nitrogen loss in soil.
主要研究结果如下:
(1)土壤样品呈微酸性,pH变化范围和平均值分别为5.18～6.04和5.71,有机质含量的分布范围和平均值分别为:0.81%～3.83%和1.32%。湿地土壤表层总磷、总硫、总碳及碳氮比的平均值分别为477.36 mg/kg、1909.29 mg/kg、6690mg/kg、1.35。土壤表层全氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、碱解氮(K-N)、有机氮(OR-N)平均含量分别为4591 mg/kg、12.66 mg/kg、1.8 mg/kg、26.25 mg/kg、4598 mg/kg,土壤表层各形态氮素的含量在剖面中的分布特征是从表层到底层呈下降趋势。采用SPSS统计软件分析可知,土壤中各形态氮素之间有良好的相关性。
(2)土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附是一个复合动力学过程,本文以鄱阳湖南矶山湿地土壤为材料,进行了土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附特性及其影响因素的试验研究。结果表明,土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附在7h达到稳态,之后基本处于一种动态平衡,土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附速率最大值达到14.04 mg/kg·h。通过模型拟合得出,等温吸附曲线与常用的Langmuir和Freundlich吸附方程都有很好的相关性,其中以Langmuir方程式的拟合效果最佳。应用Langmuir方程拟合,计算得出土壤对NH_4~+-N平均最大物理吸附量、平衡常数和最大缓冲容量分别为:X_m=196.08mg/kg;k=0.45;MBC=88.27 mg/kg。环境因素对土壤NH_4~+-N的吸附有很大的影响,结果显示,pH对土壤吸附NH_4~+-N的影响显著,随着pH的上升,土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附量增加;水土比越大,吸附量越多;离子强度和温度对NH_4~+-N的吸附均有抑制作用。
(3)土壤对NH_4~+-N的吸附—释放的过程是可逆的,亦即吸附的NH_4~+-N可以再次释放出来,吸附量越多,释放量越大。湿地土壤对NH_4~+-N释放特性的试验研究结果表明:土壤对NH_4~+-N的释放在12 h后基本达到平衡,最大释放速率为3.47 mg/kg·h。土样中NH_4~+-N的释放过程进行得较为缓慢,这对土壤氮的流失的研究提供了一定的理论依据和研究方向。
Wetland is important ecosystem and environment in globe.Its purification for nutrient from the water flow can relieve the water eutrophication,which are the results of the excess of nitrogen and phosphorus.Analyses were carried out by using the methods which connect real sampling sampling with Laboratory simulation to measure the physical and chemical characteristics,the speciation and the contents of nitrogen in Nanjishan wetland nature reserve.It provided a scientific basis for biogeochemical circulation of this area.The adsorption and desorption of nitrogen and the environmental factors had been also discussed in this paper.The results of the research ascertained the maximum adsorption of nitrogen by soil.The results provided a scientific basis for eutrophication controlling in Poyang Lake and it has important theoretical value for the sustainable development of the Poyang Lake wetland.The results were summarized as follows:
(1) The samples of soil in Nanjishan nature reserve were of light acidity.The distributed range and average value of the content of pH value in soil samples were 5.18～6.04 and 5.71 respectively.The distributed range and average value of the content of the organic in soil samples were 0.81%～3.83%and 1.32%respectively. The average value of the total phosphorus,total sulfur,total carbon and the carbon and nitrogen ratio were 477.36 mg/kg,1909.29 mg/kg,6690 mg/kg and 1.35 respectively.The average value of the total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available nitrogen and organic nitrogen were 4591 mg/kg,12.66 mg/kg,1.8 mg/kg,26.25 mg/kg and 4598 mg/kg respectively.The forms of nitrogen that we concerned were decreased from plow layer to subsoil in five paddy soil profile. Relevant analysis taken by SPSS showed that the forms of nitrogen had significantly correlated each other in plow layer.
(2) The adsorption of NH_4~+-N for the soil of Nanjishan was a complex dynamics process.In this paper,adsorptive characteristic of NH_4~+-N on soil in Nanjishan were analyzed in laboratory.The results indicated that process of sorption of NH_4~+-N on soil mainly occurred within 0～7 hours,and then reached a dynamic equilibrium.The maximum value of adsorption rate of NH_4~+-N reached 14.04 mg/kg.h.The research of isothermal adsorption indicated that the NH_4~+-N in the soil in Nanjishan had a good correlation with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations,especially,there was a significant correlation between the latter equation and the soil.According to the Langmuir adsorption equation,the maximum adsorption amount was 196.08 mg/kg soil,the adsorption constant was 0.45;MBC was 88.27 mg/kg soil.The adsorption was greatly influenced by environmental factors.The result indicated that,pH values had great influence on the sorption of NH_4~+-N,with the sorption ability increasing gradually as the increasing pH values and as the increasing of the water and soil ratio. High concentration of ion and temperature restrained NH_4~+-N.
(3) The adsorption and desorption were reciprocal processes.NH_4~+-N that adsorbed could release inversely.The desorption amount of NH_4~+-N in soil increased with the adsorbed amount.In this paper,desorption characteristic of NH_4~+-N on soil in Nanjishan were also analyzed in laboratory.The result indicated that it reached equilibrium after 12 hours,the maximum value of desorption rate of NH_4~+-N reached 3.47 mg/kg.h.The desorption amount of NH_4~+-N in the soil were mainly from the beginning of the process,and the process of desorption was very slow.The results provide a scientific basis for the in-depth study of nitrogen loss in soil.
引文
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