四川盆地中新生代地层区划及盆地演化分析
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摘要
四川陆相盆地发育于三叠纪克拉通盆地之上,基底为古生代-早三叠世的海相地层,盖层为晚三叠世-第四纪陆相沉积,内部油气资源丰富,勘探潜力巨大,是中国重要的含油气盆地之一。
本文通过对剖面资料、钻井资料、地震资料、地球化学资料的分析整理,以地层学、古生物学、沉积学、构造地质学等原理为指导,对四川盆地进行了多重地层划分与对比、地层区划、充填特征及盆地演化等方面的研究。首先在前人研究的基础上,根据四川盆地内地层发育特征,对盆地内岩石地层单元及其特征和分布范围进行了厘定,建立了各岩石地层单元与年代地层单元之间的对应关系,确立了盆地中新生代等时地层格架。根据等时地层格架绘制了盆地内各时期地层等厚图,对盆地中新生代充填特征进行了分析,描述了盆地内中新生代各时期的沉积特征,沉积中心、沉降中心的位置及其迁移过程。根据构造地层区划的原则,依据盆缘和盆内的不同特征及盆内的沉积差异,结合中新生代四川盆地的形成、发展和消亡的阶段性,对研究区三叠系、侏罗系和白垩系-新近系分别进行了地层分区和地层小区的划分,将三叠系划分为4个地层分区,11个地层小区;侏罗系划分为4个地层分区,9个地层小区;白垩系-新近系划分为5个地层分区,9个地层小区,并讨论了各小区地层发育特征、接触关系、油气地质特征、构造变形等。在此基础之上,通过盆地内地层标识及周缘造山带的分析认为中新生代四川盆地经历了早三叠世拉张应力控制阶段;中三叠世至晚三叠世南东向挤压应力控制阶段;早侏罗世至中侏罗世南西向挤压应力控制阶段;晚侏罗世早期构造平静阶段;晚侏罗世晚期至早白垩世双向挤压应力控制阶段;晚白垩世至现在南东向挤压应力控制阶段等六个阶段,并认为盆地的北西边界及北东边界主要形成于印支II期运动,盆地南西边界及内部近东西向构造主要形成于燕山III期运动,而盆地的南东边界及内部的北东-北北东向构造主要形成于喜山I期运动。
The Sichuan continental basin was development from the Triassic craton basin, which basement was Palaeozoic-Early Triassic marine stratum, and cover was Late Triassic-Quaternary continental stratum. It is a important oil and gas bearing basin that own abundant hydrocarbon resources and great exploratory foreground.
Based on the analysis and collation of sections, drillings, seismic and geochemical datum, this dissertation studied on the multi-stratigraphic classification and correlation, stratigraphic regionalization, filling characteristics and basin evolution of the Sichuan basin with the theories of palaeobiology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, tectonics and so on. First, on the achievement of predecessors, according to the stratic characteristics of the Sichuan basin, the lithostratigraphic unit and its characteristics with distribution range was clarified; the relationship between the lithostratigraphic unit and the chronostatigraphic unit was build; the isochronic strata framework of Mesozoic - Cenozoic was established. According to the isochronic strata framework, the thickness map of every period was drew; the filling characteristics was analyzed; the stratic sedimentary characteristics,the location of the center of depocencer and subsidence and their migration process was depicted in the Sichuan basin of Mesozoic-Cenozoic. Adoption to the principle of structural stratigraphic regionalization, according to the difference between the margin and the inner of the basin and the sedimentary difference in the basin, the stratic regions and subregions can separately regionalize in Triassic system, Jurassic system and Cretaceous- neogene system in the study area combination on the stages of the formation, the evolution, the suppression of the Sichuan basin. The Triassic system was divided into four regions and eleven subregions; the Jurassic system was divided into four regions and nine subregions; Cretaceous- neogene system was divided into five regions and nine subregions. At the same time, the stratic growing characteristics, the contact relationship, the hydrocarbon geology characteristics and the tectonic deformation was discussed in every subregion. On the basis of this, through the analysis of the stratic identities in the basin and the orogenic belt around the basin, the evolution of Sichuan basin was divided into six stages: the extensional stress control stage in the Early Triassic; the southeast compressional stress control stage in the Middle and later Triassic; the southwest compressional stress control stage in the Early and Middle Jurassic; the tectonic inactive stage in the early Late Jurassic; the two-way compressional stress control stage in the late late Jurassic and early Cretaceous; the southeast compressional stress control stage from the late Cretaceous to Quaternary. At the same time, the formation of the basin’s northwest and northeast boundary was connected with the second episode of the Indosinian movement; the formation of the basin’s southwest boundary and the latitudinal structure was connected with the third episode of the Yanshan movement; the formation of the basin’s southeast boundary and the NW-NNW structure was connected with the first episode of Himalayan movement.
本文通过对剖面资料、钻井资料、地震资料、地球化学资料的分析整理,以地层学、古生物学、沉积学、构造地质学等原理为指导,对四川盆地进行了多重地层划分与对比、地层区划、充填特征及盆地演化等方面的研究。首先在前人研究的基础上,根据四川盆地内地层发育特征,对盆地内岩石地层单元及其特征和分布范围进行了厘定,建立了各岩石地层单元与年代地层单元之间的对应关系,确立了盆地中新生代等时地层格架。根据等时地层格架绘制了盆地内各时期地层等厚图,对盆地中新生代充填特征进行了分析,描述了盆地内中新生代各时期的沉积特征,沉积中心、沉降中心的位置及其迁移过程。根据构造地层区划的原则,依据盆缘和盆内的不同特征及盆内的沉积差异,结合中新生代四川盆地的形成、发展和消亡的阶段性,对研究区三叠系、侏罗系和白垩系-新近系分别进行了地层分区和地层小区的划分,将三叠系划分为4个地层分区,11个地层小区;侏罗系划分为4个地层分区,9个地层小区;白垩系-新近系划分为5个地层分区,9个地层小区,并讨论了各小区地层发育特征、接触关系、油气地质特征、构造变形等。在此基础之上,通过盆地内地层标识及周缘造山带的分析认为中新生代四川盆地经历了早三叠世拉张应力控制阶段;中三叠世至晚三叠世南东向挤压应力控制阶段;早侏罗世至中侏罗世南西向挤压应力控制阶段;晚侏罗世早期构造平静阶段;晚侏罗世晚期至早白垩世双向挤压应力控制阶段;晚白垩世至现在南东向挤压应力控制阶段等六个阶段,并认为盆地的北西边界及北东边界主要形成于印支II期运动,盆地南西边界及内部近东西向构造主要形成于燕山III期运动,而盆地的南东边界及内部的北东-北北东向构造主要形成于喜山I期运动。
The Sichuan continental basin was development from the Triassic craton basin, which basement was Palaeozoic-Early Triassic marine stratum, and cover was Late Triassic-Quaternary continental stratum. It is a important oil and gas bearing basin that own abundant hydrocarbon resources and great exploratory foreground.
Based on the analysis and collation of sections, drillings, seismic and geochemical datum, this dissertation studied on the multi-stratigraphic classification and correlation, stratigraphic regionalization, filling characteristics and basin evolution of the Sichuan basin with the theories of palaeobiology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, tectonics and so on. First, on the achievement of predecessors, according to the stratic characteristics of the Sichuan basin, the lithostratigraphic unit and its characteristics with distribution range was clarified; the relationship between the lithostratigraphic unit and the chronostatigraphic unit was build; the isochronic strata framework of Mesozoic - Cenozoic was established. According to the isochronic strata framework, the thickness map of every period was drew; the filling characteristics was analyzed; the stratic sedimentary characteristics,the location of the center of depocencer and subsidence and their migration process was depicted in the Sichuan basin of Mesozoic-Cenozoic. Adoption to the principle of structural stratigraphic regionalization, according to the difference between the margin and the inner of the basin and the sedimentary difference in the basin, the stratic regions and subregions can separately regionalize in Triassic system, Jurassic system and Cretaceous- neogene system in the study area combination on the stages of the formation, the evolution, the suppression of the Sichuan basin. The Triassic system was divided into four regions and eleven subregions; the Jurassic system was divided into four regions and nine subregions; Cretaceous- neogene system was divided into five regions and nine subregions. At the same time, the stratic growing characteristics, the contact relationship, the hydrocarbon geology characteristics and the tectonic deformation was discussed in every subregion. On the basis of this, through the analysis of the stratic identities in the basin and the orogenic belt around the basin, the evolution of Sichuan basin was divided into six stages: the extensional stress control stage in the Early Triassic; the southeast compressional stress control stage in the Middle and later Triassic; the southwest compressional stress control stage in the Early and Middle Jurassic; the tectonic inactive stage in the early Late Jurassic; the two-way compressional stress control stage in the late late Jurassic and early Cretaceous; the southeast compressional stress control stage from the late Cretaceous to Quaternary. At the same time, the formation of the basin’s northwest and northeast boundary was connected with the second episode of the Indosinian movement; the formation of the basin’s southwest boundary and the latitudinal structure was connected with the third episode of the Yanshan movement; the formation of the basin’s southeast boundary and the NW-NNW structure was connected with the first episode of Himalayan movement.
引文
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