磨矿对黄铁矿和黄铜矿浮选行为的影响研究
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摘要
磨矿是矿物加工中一个重要的环节。磨矿过程中,硫化矿物表面会发生氧化还原反应,其表面性质发生改变,因此对磨矿过程进行研究并考察它对浮选的影响具有重要意义。
本论文研究了不同磨矿气氛和磨矿介质条件下,磨矿时间、矿浆pH值、捕收剂用量对黄铁矿和黄铜矿浮选行为的影响,并利用电化学测试方法对矿物与磨矿介质之间的电化学作用进行了研究。
浮选试验结果表明：磨矿介质和磨矿气氛对硫化矿物浮选行为的影响较大。在黄体矿浮选中,空气环境下,黄铁矿在瓷球磨矿后的浮选回收率最高,铁球磨矿后的回收率最低,不锈钢球介于两者之间；而在氮气环境下,黄铁矿在铁球磨矿后的回收率明显高于空气铁球体系的回收率,不锈钢球磨矿后回收率也有所上升,而瓷球磨矿后回收率变化较小；不同介质磨矿后回收率大小次序和空气环境下一致。在黄铜矿浮选中,空气体系下,黄铜矿在瓷球磨矿后的浮选总体回收率最高,铁球磨矿后的总体回收率最低,不锈钢球介于两者之间；而在氮气体系下,碱性条件下铁球磨矿后的回收率明显高于空气铁球体系的回收率,不锈钢球磨矿后回收率也有所上升,而瓷球磨矿后回收率变化较小；其总体规律与空气环境下相同,在酸性条件下,黄铜矿受不同介质和气氛的影响较小。
热力学计算表明：在酸性条件下,当黄铁矿和黄铜矿矿物表面发生适度氧化时,硫化矿物表面生成S0；氧化气氛增强时,电位升高时,硫化矿物表面的S0或被氧化成SO42-。在高电位或碱性条件下,黄铁矿和黄铜矿浮选体系容易产生铁的羟基络合物。
在机械力作用下电化学研究表明：无论空气和氮气环境下,黄铁矿和黄铜矿在铁介质和不锈钢介质中,矿物电极产生阴极电流,磨矿介质发生氧化反应,生成了铁的羟基络合物,覆盖于硫化矿物表面,削弱了体系中药剂与矿物之间的吸附作用,抑制了黄铁矿和黄铜矿浮选。而黄铁矿和黄铜矿在瓷介质中,矿物电极作为阳极,表面产生阳极电流,使矿物电极表面的发生适度氧化,改善了药剂与矿物的吸附作用,从而提高黄铁矿和黄铜矿的可浮性。机械力越强,电流越大,体系的反应越剧烈,氧化程度加深,浮选效果越差。在氮气环境下,外电路电流低于空气环境下的电流,氧化反应速度降低,对浮选有利。
此外,腐蚀电化学研究表明：相对空气环境,氮气环境下铁介质的腐蚀电位上升幅度最大,而陶瓷介质的腐蚀电位上升幅度最小,不同气氛环境对铁介质磨矿后浮选行为的影响最大,其浮选回收率变化最明显,而对陶瓷介质磨矿后浮选行为影响最小。
Grinding is an important necessary section in minerals process. The surface of sulphide minerals would occur redox reactions and the surface properties would be changed. Therefore, it is significative to study the grinding process and its effect on the flotation.
In this paper, the effect of grinding time, pH value of the pulp, dosage of the collectors on the flotation of pyrite and chalcopyrite which were ground with different grinding medium and different grinding atmosphere are studied, the paper also uses electrochemical testing method to study interactions between grinding media and minerals as well as the effect of electrochemical on those interactions.
The results of flotation test show that grinding media and atmosphere has a great effect on the flotation of sulphide minerals. In flotation of pyrite, The flotation recoveries of pyrite grinding with ceramic balls are highest. The flotation recoveries grinding with fericc balls is lowest, The flotation recoveries grinding with stainless steel balls is intervenient. In nitrogen atmosphere, the flotation recoveries of pyrite grinding with ceramic balls are much higher than that in air atmosphere. The flotation recoveries grinding with stainless steel balls is rise in nitrogen atmosphere. There is litter change grinding with ceramics balls in nitrogen atmosphere. The method of pyrite recoveries in nitrogen atmosphere is same as that in air atmosphere. In flotation of chalcopyrite, The flotation recoveries of chalcopyrite grinding with ceramic balls are highest. The flotation recoveries grinding with fericc balls is lowest, The flotation recoveries grinding with stainless steel balls is intervenient. In nitrogen atmosphere, the flotation recoveries of chalcopyrite grinding with ceramic balls are much higher than that in air atmosphere under vacuum condition. The flotation recoveries of pyrite grinding with stainless steel balls in nitrogen atmosphere is rise too. There is litter change grinding with ceramics balls in nitrogen atmosphere. But the influence of atmosphere and grinding medium on the flotation of chalcopyrite is under acidic conditions.
The calculations of thermodynamics show that, S0 would be created in the surface of pyrite and chalcopyrite when the surface of pyrite and chalcopyrite are oxidized appropriately. When oxidative atmosphere strengthen, S0 or polysulfide would be oxidized to SO42-. In high Eh or under under vacuum condition, the product is hydroxo complex of ferric in flotation system. The hydroxo complex of ferric would be producted in flotation systems.
The results of mechanism electrochemical testing show that, the pyrite and chalcopyrite electrode act as cathode when using the ferric medium or stainless steel medium as abrading agent and anode current generates on the grinding medium surface. The surfaces of grinding medium occur oxidation reactions. The product is hydroxo complex of ferric, which would covering on the surfaces of mineral, This substance can weaken the sorption of mineral and collector. The mineral flotation is prevented. However, the pyrite and chalcopyrite electrode act as anode and oxidation reaction occurs on the mineral surface and anodic current generates on the mineral surface when using ceramic medium as abrading agent, which will improve the sorption of the mineral and collector and promote the flotation of the mineral. The larger the abrading force between themediums and mineral electrode is, the larger current are in the system. The minerals or grinding medium woule be oxidized completely, and the flotability of the mineral will be decrease in the flotation system.In nitrogen atmosphere, the current is lower than that in air atmosphere.
The corrosion electrochemistry tests show that, compare with in air atmosphere, corrosion potential of iron medium is much higher in nitrogen atmosphere, and corrosion potential of iron medium is rise a litter. The influence of atmosphere is obviously on flotation with fericc medium grinding. But the influence is minor with ceramics medium grinding.
本论文研究了不同磨矿气氛和磨矿介质条件下,磨矿时间、矿浆pH值、捕收剂用量对黄铁矿和黄铜矿浮选行为的影响,并利用电化学测试方法对矿物与磨矿介质之间的电化学作用进行了研究。
浮选试验结果表明：磨矿介质和磨矿气氛对硫化矿物浮选行为的影响较大。在黄体矿浮选中,空气环境下,黄铁矿在瓷球磨矿后的浮选回收率最高,铁球磨矿后的回收率最低,不锈钢球介于两者之间；而在氮气环境下,黄铁矿在铁球磨矿后的回收率明显高于空气铁球体系的回收率,不锈钢球磨矿后回收率也有所上升,而瓷球磨矿后回收率变化较小；不同介质磨矿后回收率大小次序和空气环境下一致。在黄铜矿浮选中,空气体系下,黄铜矿在瓷球磨矿后的浮选总体回收率最高,铁球磨矿后的总体回收率最低,不锈钢球介于两者之间；而在氮气体系下,碱性条件下铁球磨矿后的回收率明显高于空气铁球体系的回收率,不锈钢球磨矿后回收率也有所上升,而瓷球磨矿后回收率变化较小；其总体规律与空气环境下相同,在酸性条件下,黄铜矿受不同介质和气氛的影响较小。
热力学计算表明：在酸性条件下,当黄铁矿和黄铜矿矿物表面发生适度氧化时,硫化矿物表面生成S0；氧化气氛增强时,电位升高时,硫化矿物表面的S0或被氧化成SO42-。在高电位或碱性条件下,黄铁矿和黄铜矿浮选体系容易产生铁的羟基络合物。
在机械力作用下电化学研究表明：无论空气和氮气环境下,黄铁矿和黄铜矿在铁介质和不锈钢介质中,矿物电极产生阴极电流,磨矿介质发生氧化反应,生成了铁的羟基络合物,覆盖于硫化矿物表面,削弱了体系中药剂与矿物之间的吸附作用,抑制了黄铁矿和黄铜矿浮选。而黄铁矿和黄铜矿在瓷介质中,矿物电极作为阳极,表面产生阳极电流,使矿物电极表面的发生适度氧化,改善了药剂与矿物的吸附作用,从而提高黄铁矿和黄铜矿的可浮性。机械力越强,电流越大,体系的反应越剧烈,氧化程度加深,浮选效果越差。在氮气环境下,外电路电流低于空气环境下的电流,氧化反应速度降低,对浮选有利。
此外,腐蚀电化学研究表明：相对空气环境,氮气环境下铁介质的腐蚀电位上升幅度最大,而陶瓷介质的腐蚀电位上升幅度最小,不同气氛环境对铁介质磨矿后浮选行为的影响最大,其浮选回收率变化最明显,而对陶瓷介质磨矿后浮选行为影响最小。
Grinding is an important necessary section in minerals process. The surface of sulphide minerals would occur redox reactions and the surface properties would be changed. Therefore, it is significative to study the grinding process and its effect on the flotation.
In this paper, the effect of grinding time, pH value of the pulp, dosage of the collectors on the flotation of pyrite and chalcopyrite which were ground with different grinding medium and different grinding atmosphere are studied, the paper also uses electrochemical testing method to study interactions between grinding media and minerals as well as the effect of electrochemical on those interactions.
The results of flotation test show that grinding media and atmosphere has a great effect on the flotation of sulphide minerals. In flotation of pyrite, The flotation recoveries of pyrite grinding with ceramic balls are highest. The flotation recoveries grinding with fericc balls is lowest, The flotation recoveries grinding with stainless steel balls is intervenient. In nitrogen atmosphere, the flotation recoveries of pyrite grinding with ceramic balls are much higher than that in air atmosphere. The flotation recoveries grinding with stainless steel balls is rise in nitrogen atmosphere. There is litter change grinding with ceramics balls in nitrogen atmosphere. The method of pyrite recoveries in nitrogen atmosphere is same as that in air atmosphere. In flotation of chalcopyrite, The flotation recoveries of chalcopyrite grinding with ceramic balls are highest. The flotation recoveries grinding with fericc balls is lowest, The flotation recoveries grinding with stainless steel balls is intervenient. In nitrogen atmosphere, the flotation recoveries of chalcopyrite grinding with ceramic balls are much higher than that in air atmosphere under vacuum condition. The flotation recoveries of pyrite grinding with stainless steel balls in nitrogen atmosphere is rise too. There is litter change grinding with ceramics balls in nitrogen atmosphere. But the influence of atmosphere and grinding medium on the flotation of chalcopyrite is under acidic conditions.
The calculations of thermodynamics show that, S0 would be created in the surface of pyrite and chalcopyrite when the surface of pyrite and chalcopyrite are oxidized appropriately. When oxidative atmosphere strengthen, S0 or polysulfide would be oxidized to SO42-. In high Eh or under under vacuum condition, the product is hydroxo complex of ferric in flotation system. The hydroxo complex of ferric would be producted in flotation systems.
The results of mechanism electrochemical testing show that, the pyrite and chalcopyrite electrode act as cathode when using the ferric medium or stainless steel medium as abrading agent and anode current generates on the grinding medium surface. The surfaces of grinding medium occur oxidation reactions. The product is hydroxo complex of ferric, which would covering on the surfaces of mineral, This substance can weaken the sorption of mineral and collector. The mineral flotation is prevented. However, the pyrite and chalcopyrite electrode act as anode and oxidation reaction occurs on the mineral surface and anodic current generates on the mineral surface when using ceramic medium as abrading agent, which will improve the sorption of the mineral and collector and promote the flotation of the mineral. The larger the abrading force between themediums and mineral electrode is, the larger current are in the system. The minerals or grinding medium woule be oxidized completely, and the flotability of the mineral will be decrease in the flotation system.In nitrogen atmosphere, the current is lower than that in air atmosphere.
The corrosion electrochemistry tests show that, compare with in air atmosphere, corrosion potential of iron medium is much higher in nitrogen atmosphere, and corrosion potential of iron medium is rise a litter. The influence of atmosphere is obviously on flotation with fericc medium grinding. But the influence is minor with ceramics medium grinding.
引文
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