城市道路交通流自组织运行机理及控制研究
|
摘要
城市交通问题是制约现代城市发展的重要问题之一。城市交通问题严重影响着城市客、货运输效率，以及城市居民的出行和城市的可持续发展。现阶段我国城市交通问题严峻，交通拥堵已成常态，交通排放导致城市持续雾霾，严重的影响着交通出行的效率和城市民众的健康。自组织理论可以很好的刻画系统的发展变化，交通系统也适用于自组织理论的研究。应用自组织理论研究城市道路交通流系统运行的目的是，以自组织理论的眼光研究城市道路交通流系统的运行，掌握城市道路交通流系统运行机理，刻画城市道路交通流系统运行状态变化过程，根据采集到的交通参数，确定当前交通状态，并预测交通态势的变化走向。基于自组织理论的交通流运行规律研究，有助于交通管理者掌握交通态势和走向，并制定相应的交通管控策略，以减少城市交通拥堵，减少民众交通出行的时间消耗，提高城市交通运行速度，提高城市交通管控效率，有助于从根本上解决城市交通问题，促进城市交通的健康发展。基于上述的原因，本文致力于研究城市道路交通流自组织运行机理与控制方法。主要的研究工作包括以下几方面内容：
基于自组织理论的城市道路交通流系统运行研究。介绍自组织理论的发展，并分别介绍自组织理论的重要分支，与此同时确定自组织理论研究对象的特点，界定自组织理论的研究范围。阐述道路交通系统的结构，以及其中道路交通流系统的工作原理以及特点。根据城市道路交通流的特点以及自组织理论所研究系统的特性，讨论并确定了自组织理论在城市道路交通流系统运行研究中应用的合理性。
城市道路交通流系统自组织运行研究。以城市快速路的交通流相研究入手，根据城市快速路车辆的行使自由度，对其交通流相进行划分，将城市快速路的划分为自由相、畅通相、协同相、堵塞相四个交通流向。然后，以此为基础，研究交通流化更为复杂的城市道路路段的交通流相变化。通过城市道路交通流的二流分析，交通密度与排队长度的研究，并通过一系列数学推导和数据验证的方式，确定了城市道路路段交通流相划分，将城道路路段交通流相划分为畅通相、强制相和拥挤相三个流相。最后研究城市交通流的涨落机制，以及城市交通流的涨落对交通流相变的促进作用，并且用数学表达式描述的城市交通的涨落。
基于耗散结构的城市交通流运行模拟研究。应用耗散结构原理分析城市道路交通流系统的运行。通过单一路段的交通耗散结构模拟，进而扩展到整个路网的交通耗散结构模拟，并建立城市道路网络的交通耗散结构模拟模型。并进行仿真实验，对比路网交通VISSIM仿真和路网的交通耗散结构的模拟计算结果，结果显示，城市道路交通耗散结构模型可以很好的模拟城市交通流的运行。
基于沙堆动力学的城市交通堵扩散模拟研究。从城市道路交通网络交通拥挤发生机理入手，研究城市道路网络拥堵时交通排队过程。并根据城市道路交通拥堵的沙堆动力学特性，建立城市道路网络交通拥堵的沙堆动力学模型。并进行模型的验证，验证结果可以看出，基于沙堆动力学的交通拥堵扩散模拟模型可以较好的模拟预测交通拥堵在交通网络上的传播。
基于城市道路交通流系统自组织特性的信号控制方法研究。探讨了基于城市道路交通流系统自组织特性的交通控制策略，并制定了延误最小与密度均衡切换式信号控制方法。研究应用该方法进行具体信号控制的流程，分别建立了延误最小和密度均衡的信号控制优化函数，并设计了求解方法。最后对比只有延误最小控制和应用延误最小与密度均衡切换的交通信号控制方法的优劣。结果显示，应用最小延误和密度均衡切换的信号控制方法可以有效的延缓交通拥堵的发生。
论文中涉及到的研究内容、研究方法和研究结论是对城市道路交通流系统运行状态模拟和控制方法的一个探索。可以为制定城市道路交通状态模拟和判别提供理论依据和工程参考。
City traffic is one of the important problems restrict the development ofmodern city. City traffic problems seriously affect the city transport efficiency ofpassenger and cargo, sustainable development of city and trip of urban residents. Atthis stage, city traffic problem, which traffic congestion has become the norm andtraffic emissions cause city continuous fog haze, serious impact on the efficiency ofcity traffic and public health. Self organization theory can describe working of trafficsystem. Application of self organization theory research on city road traffic flowsystem is, grasp the operation mechanism of city traffic system, characterizationchange process of city traffic system operation state, defined the current traffic stateaccording to the collected traffic parameters and prediction to change of the trafficsituation. Study of traffic flow based on self organization theory, which help trafficmanagers master the traffic situation and trend, formulate the corresponding trafficcontrol strategy, to reduce the city traffic congestion, reduce people's travel timeconsumption, improve the speed of vehicles movement, fundamentally solve thecity traffic problem, and promote the healthy development of city traffic. Based onthat reason, this paper is devoted to the study of city road traffic flowself-organization operation mechanism and control method. The main researchwork includes the following content:
Study on traffic flow system of city based on organization theory. Introduce thedevelopment of self-organization theory and important branch of self-organizationtheory. At the same time, determine the characteristics which self-organizationtheory study to. Define the scope of self-organization theory study. Expound the structure of traffic system and working principle of traffic flow system. According tothe characteristics of city traffic flow and the system characteristics ofself-organization theory study to, discussed the rationality of self-organizationtheory study in city traffic flow system.
Study city traffic flow system self-organization working. Divide expresswaytraffic into four traffic phases, which is free phase, smoothly phase, coordinationphase and jam phase, based on degree of driving freedom. Then, research on morecomplex change of city traffic phase. Divide city road traffic into three phases basedon Analysis two driving state in city traffic and study on relationship of road trafficdensity and length of waiting queue, which is smoothly phase, coerce phase andcrowd phase. Study fluctuation mechanism of city traffic flow and promote trafficphase change by fluctuation of city traffic flow. Describe fluctuation of city trafficflow by mathematical expression.
Study city traffic flow simulation based on the dissipative structure. Analysiscity traffic flow system working by application of dissipative structure theory. Trafficdissipative structure simulate from single section to road net. Establish city trafficsimulation model based on dissipative structure. Carry on the simulationexperiment. Contrast city traffic simulation by VISSIM with dissipative structureshow that the model by dissipative structure is better.
Study on simulation of city traffic jam diffusion based on Sandpile dynamics.Study on queue process when city traffic jam happening based on analysis trafficcongestion mechanism. According to the characteristic of sandpile dynamics aboutcity traffic jam, establish model of sandpile dynamics about city traffic. From resultsof experimental Verification, the model of traffic simulation based on sandpiledynamics can forecast traffic jam disseminate on road net efficient.
Study on traffic signal control method based on self-organization characteristicsof city traffic flow. According to the disadvantages of traffic signal control system,formulate strategy of traffic signal control based on strategy and establish the traffic signal control which switch over minimum delay and density equalization. Andresearch process of this traffic signal control. Establish optimization function ofminimum delay and density equalization signal control, and design solve method.Finally, compared with minimal delay traffic signal control and switching overminimum delay and density equalization traffic signal control. Results show thattraffic jam can be postponed by switching over minimum delay and densityequalization traffic signal control.
This paper is study on simulation and control city traffic flow system. It ishelpful for city traffic management.
基于自组织理论的城市道路交通流系统运行研究。介绍自组织理论的发展，并分别介绍自组织理论的重要分支，与此同时确定自组织理论研究对象的特点，界定自组织理论的研究范围。阐述道路交通系统的结构，以及其中道路交通流系统的工作原理以及特点。根据城市道路交通流的特点以及自组织理论所研究系统的特性，讨论并确定了自组织理论在城市道路交通流系统运行研究中应用的合理性。
城市道路交通流系统自组织运行研究。以城市快速路的交通流相研究入手，根据城市快速路车辆的行使自由度，对其交通流相进行划分，将城市快速路的划分为自由相、畅通相、协同相、堵塞相四个交通流向。然后，以此为基础，研究交通流化更为复杂的城市道路路段的交通流相变化。通过城市道路交通流的二流分析，交通密度与排队长度的研究，并通过一系列数学推导和数据验证的方式，确定了城市道路路段交通流相划分，将城道路路段交通流相划分为畅通相、强制相和拥挤相三个流相。最后研究城市交通流的涨落机制，以及城市交通流的涨落对交通流相变的促进作用，并且用数学表达式描述的城市交通的涨落。
基于耗散结构的城市交通流运行模拟研究。应用耗散结构原理分析城市道路交通流系统的运行。通过单一路段的交通耗散结构模拟，进而扩展到整个路网的交通耗散结构模拟，并建立城市道路网络的交通耗散结构模拟模型。并进行仿真实验，对比路网交通VISSIM仿真和路网的交通耗散结构的模拟计算结果，结果显示，城市道路交通耗散结构模型可以很好的模拟城市交通流的运行。
基于沙堆动力学的城市交通堵扩散模拟研究。从城市道路交通网络交通拥挤发生机理入手，研究城市道路网络拥堵时交通排队过程。并根据城市道路交通拥堵的沙堆动力学特性，建立城市道路网络交通拥堵的沙堆动力学模型。并进行模型的验证，验证结果可以看出，基于沙堆动力学的交通拥堵扩散模拟模型可以较好的模拟预测交通拥堵在交通网络上的传播。
基于城市道路交通流系统自组织特性的信号控制方法研究。探讨了基于城市道路交通流系统自组织特性的交通控制策略，并制定了延误最小与密度均衡切换式信号控制方法。研究应用该方法进行具体信号控制的流程，分别建立了延误最小和密度均衡的信号控制优化函数，并设计了求解方法。最后对比只有延误最小控制和应用延误最小与密度均衡切换的交通信号控制方法的优劣。结果显示，应用最小延误和密度均衡切换的信号控制方法可以有效的延缓交通拥堵的发生。
论文中涉及到的研究内容、研究方法和研究结论是对城市道路交通流系统运行状态模拟和控制方法的一个探索。可以为制定城市道路交通状态模拟和判别提供理论依据和工程参考。
City traffic is one of the important problems restrict the development ofmodern city. City traffic problems seriously affect the city transport efficiency ofpassenger and cargo, sustainable development of city and trip of urban residents. Atthis stage, city traffic problem, which traffic congestion has become the norm andtraffic emissions cause city continuous fog haze, serious impact on the efficiency ofcity traffic and public health. Self organization theory can describe working of trafficsystem. Application of self organization theory research on city road traffic flowsystem is, grasp the operation mechanism of city traffic system, characterizationchange process of city traffic system operation state, defined the current traffic stateaccording to the collected traffic parameters and prediction to change of the trafficsituation. Study of traffic flow based on self organization theory, which help trafficmanagers master the traffic situation and trend, formulate the corresponding trafficcontrol strategy, to reduce the city traffic congestion, reduce people's travel timeconsumption, improve the speed of vehicles movement, fundamentally solve thecity traffic problem, and promote the healthy development of city traffic. Based onthat reason, this paper is devoted to the study of city road traffic flowself-organization operation mechanism and control method. The main researchwork includes the following content:
Study on traffic flow system of city based on organization theory. Introduce thedevelopment of self-organization theory and important branch of self-organizationtheory. At the same time, determine the characteristics which self-organizationtheory study to. Define the scope of self-organization theory study. Expound the structure of traffic system and working principle of traffic flow system. According tothe characteristics of city traffic flow and the system characteristics ofself-organization theory study to, discussed the rationality of self-organizationtheory study in city traffic flow system.
Study city traffic flow system self-organization working. Divide expresswaytraffic into four traffic phases, which is free phase, smoothly phase, coordinationphase and jam phase, based on degree of driving freedom. Then, research on morecomplex change of city traffic phase. Divide city road traffic into three phases basedon Analysis two driving state in city traffic and study on relationship of road trafficdensity and length of waiting queue, which is smoothly phase, coerce phase andcrowd phase. Study fluctuation mechanism of city traffic flow and promote trafficphase change by fluctuation of city traffic flow. Describe fluctuation of city trafficflow by mathematical expression.
Study city traffic flow simulation based on the dissipative structure. Analysiscity traffic flow system working by application of dissipative structure theory. Trafficdissipative structure simulate from single section to road net. Establish city trafficsimulation model based on dissipative structure. Carry on the simulationexperiment. Contrast city traffic simulation by VISSIM with dissipative structureshow that the model by dissipative structure is better.
Study on simulation of city traffic jam diffusion based on Sandpile dynamics.Study on queue process when city traffic jam happening based on analysis trafficcongestion mechanism. According to the characteristic of sandpile dynamics aboutcity traffic jam, establish model of sandpile dynamics about city traffic. From resultsof experimental Verification, the model of traffic simulation based on sandpiledynamics can forecast traffic jam disseminate on road net efficient.
Study on traffic signal control method based on self-organization characteristicsof city traffic flow. According to the disadvantages of traffic signal control system,formulate strategy of traffic signal control based on strategy and establish the traffic signal control which switch over minimum delay and density equalization. Andresearch process of this traffic signal control. Establish optimization function ofminimum delay and density equalization signal control, and design solve method.Finally, compared with minimal delay traffic signal control and switching overminimum delay and density equalization traffic signal control. Results show thattraffic jam can be postponed by switching over minimum delay and densityequalization traffic signal control.
This paper is study on simulation and control city traffic flow system. It ishelpful for city traffic management.
引文
[1]曾庆宏，沈峰.从混沌有序—人与自的新[M].海：海译文版，2005.
[2]陈中.自动研究[M].北京：科学版，1963.
[3]戴鸣钟译.协同—自成功的奥秘[M].海：海科学普版，1988.
[4]胡世华.控系统的发展[J].科学通报，1965，10：862-869.
[5]肯，任.协学[J].自杂志，1987，4：72-79.
[6]刘若庄，马本堃.非平衡系统同中的自组织现[J].物，1979，8(5)：449-455.
[7]苗升.系统科学精要[M].北京：中人民大学版，1998.
[8]吴彤.自组织方法伦研究[M].北京：清华大学版，2001.
[9]魏宏森.系统论—系统科学哲学[M].北京：清华大学版，1995.
[10]世.非线性科学与复杂性科学[M].尔：尔工业大学版，2006.
[11]邬焜.自辩证法新编[M].安：安交通大学版，2003.
[12]毕思文.地系统科学[M].北京：科学版，2002.
[13]马成.情报科学论[M].北京：科学版，2009.
[14]刘宗昌.料组织构转变[M].北京：冶金工业版，2006.
[15]BIHAM，O MIDDLETON，A LEVINE. self-organization and a dynamictransition in traffic-flow models[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW A，1992，46(10)：6124-6127.
[16]T Nagatani. Self-organization and phase transition in traffic-flowmodel of a two-lane roadway[J]. journal of physics A，1993，26(17):781-787.
[17]Kai Nagle，Hans J，Herrmannyanjiule. Deterministic models for trafficjams[J]. physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications，1993，199(2):254-269.
[18]Takashi，Nagatani. Self-Organization in2D traffic flow model withjam-avoiding drive[J]. Journal of Physical of Japan，1994，6(4):1421-1430.
[19]Shin-ichi Tadaki，Macoto Kikuchi. Self-Organization in a TwoDimensional Cellular Automaton Modle of Traffic Flow[J]. Journal ofPhysical of Japan，1995，6(4):4504-4508.
[20]T Nagatani. Self-organized criticality in1D traffic flow model withinflow or outflow[J]. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General，1995，28(4):119-124.
[21]Akinori Awazu. Dynamics of Two Equivalent Lanes Traffic FlowModel:Self-Organization of the Slow Lane and Fast Lane[J]. JOURNALOF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN，1998，67(4):1071-1074.
[22]Shi Y. Self-organization and phase transition in two-dimensionaltraffic-flow model[J]. COMMUNICATIONS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS，1999，31(1):85-90.
[23]Debashish Chowdhury，Andreas Schadschneider. Self-organization oftraffic jams in cities: Effects of stochastic dynamics and signalperiods[J]. Physical review E，1999，59(2):1311-1314.
[24]Honda Y，Horiguchi T. Self organization in four-direction trafficflow model[J]，JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN，2000，69(11):3744-3751.
[25]Lan LW，Lin FY，Wang YP. Self-organization phenomenon and the edgeof chaos in traffic flow dynamics[C]。5th Conference of the EasternAsia Society for Transportation Studies，2003，4(1):574-582.
[26]Hu JM，Song JY，ZhangY. Modeling and analysis for self-organizationof urban traffic flow[C].8th IEEE International Conference onIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC2005)，2005：409-495.
[27]Smith RD. THE DYNAMICS OF INTERNET TRAFFIC: SELF-SIMILARITY,SELF-ORGANIZATION, AND COMPLEX PHENOMENA[J]. ADVANCES IN COMPLEXSYSTEMS，2011，14(6):905-949.
[28]黄必亮.交通系统自组织、组织作的研究[J].系统工程论与实践，1997(8):67-75.
[29]冯蔚.于自组织论的交通流步研究[J].系统科学，1998，13(4):104-108.
[30]秉宏.交通流中的自组织临界性研究[J].广师范大学学报,2002，20(1):45-50.
[31]陈涛，陈森发.城市道路交通系统散构特性研究[J].土木工程学报，2004，37(1):74-77.
[32]聂伟，邵福春.散构熵变论在区域交通系统中的应探讨[J].公路交通科技，2006，23(10):95-98.
[33]Minoru Fukui，Yoshihiro Ishibashi. Eolution of Traffic Jam in TrafficFlow Model[J]. JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN，1993，62：3841-3844.
[34]B. S. Kerner, S. L. Klenov, P. Konha¨user. Asymptotic theory oftraffic jams[J]. physical review E，1997，556(4):4200-4216.
[35]Kerner B S. Experimental Features of Self-organization in TrafficFlow[J]. Physical Review Letters，1998，81(17):3797-3800.
[36]Or EM，Shir E，Solomon S. Solving traffic jams: Human interventionor self-organization?[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICSC，2003，14(8):1007-1014.
[37]Hercog LM. Co-evolutionary agent self-organization for city trafficcongestion modeling[C].6th Annual Genetic and EvolutionaryComputation Conference，2004，31(3):993-1004.
[38]陈涛，陈森发.涨后的城市道路交通拥挤蒙特卡预[J].系统工程论与实践，2004，12：123-127.
[39]陈涛.于系统科学论的城市道路交通拥挤预与控模型研究[D].南京：南大学，2005.
[40]曾红丽.复杂网络的自组织临界性[D].南京：南京航空航大学，2008.
[41]强刚.于熵散构论的道路交通状态演变[J].交通标准，2010，214：95-98.
[42].于熵流体力学的城市主干道交通状态判别方法研究[D].尔：北林业大学，2010.
[43]Sekiyama K，Nakansishi. Self-organizing control of urban trafficsignal network[J]. System，Man，andCybernrtics，2001，4(2)：2481-2486.
[44]Dirk Helbing，Stefan Lammer. Self-organized Conrtol of Irregual orPerturbed Network Traffic[J]. Advances in Computational ManagementScience，2005，7(4)：239-274.
[45]Zhai GS，Cha JZ. Study on dynamic self-organization decision of urbantraffic control system[C].10th World Multi-Conference on Systemics,Cybernetics and Informatics/12th International Conference onInformation Systems Analysis and Synthesis，2006:359-364.
[46]Stefan L¨ammer，Dirk Helbing. Self-control of traffic lights andvehicle flows in urban road networks[J]. Journal of StatisticalMechanics：Theory and Experiment，2008，2(10):1742-1756.
[47]Gershenson C，Rosenblueth DA. Adaptive self-organization vs staticoptimization A qualitative comparison in traffic lightcoordination[J]. KYBERNETES，2012，41(3)：386-340.
[48]冯蔚.交通流自组织其于自组织论的管控模式研究[J].系统工程论与实践,1999(9):2-9.
[49]张兆，庆琰.城市交通控系统自组织方法研究[J].造业自动，2002，24(3)：38-40.
[50]段青.有自组织能力的道路交通信灯控系统[J].中南民族大学学报，2004，23(3)：64-67.
[51]程阳.城市交通系统的散构研究[C].第一届中能交通年会论文，2005.
[52]魏俊华，安麟，杜念慈.于规则的城市交通信自组织控[J].海交通大学学报，2006，40(6)：973-977.
[53]陈涛.道路交通无序拥挤控模型的研究[J].公路交通科技，2006，23(11)：95-99.
[54]蒋贤.交叉口信控自组织方法与系统应研究[D].尔：尔工业大学，2007.
[55]海峰.局部拥挤条件下尘世道路交通信控方法研究[D].长春：吉林大学，2008.
[56]媛，杨兆升.于次支持的区域战略交通控策略优方法[J].吉林大学学报（工学版），2009，39(1)：38-44.
[57].自组织式交通信协调控模型[J].计算与控，2012，20(11)：2979-2982.
[58]吴彤.自组织方法论研究[M].北京：清华大学版，2001.
[59]De Meer Hermann，sterbenz james P G. Self-organising systems [M].Euron:First International Workshop，2006.
[60]沈峰.散构论[M].海：海人民版，1987.
[61]如生.非平衡态热力学散构[M].北京：清华大学版，1986.
[62]肯，凌复华.协同学[M].海：海译文版，2001.
[63]托姆，周良.突变论[M].海：海译文版，1989.
[64]Hebing D. fundamentals of traffic flow[J]. Physical Review E,1997,55(3):3735.
[65]Kemer B S. Three-phase traffic theory and highway capacity[J].Physica A:Statistical Mechanjcs and its Applications,2004,333:379-440.
[66]关伟，蜀燕.于统计特性的城市快速路交通流状态分[J].交通运输系统工程与信息，2007，7(5):43-50.
[67]殿海.交通流论[M].北京：人民交通版，2002.
[68]任福田.交通工程学[M].北京：人民交通版，2008.
[69]文霞.高速公路本路段车换道安全离模型的研究[D].长春：吉林大学，2004.
[70]秀成.道路交通运行分础[M].南京：南大学版，2009.
[71]殿海，志涛.车离散模型研究[J].交通运输工程学报.2001，1(1):68-71.
[72]湛垦华，孟宪俊，张强.涨与系统自组织[J].中会科学，1989，4(11):173-184.
[73]帕普斯，佩莱，保铮，概.随变与随程[M].安：安交通大学版，2004.
[74]吴彤．散构论的自组织方法论研究[J]．科学技与辩证法，1998（6）：67-73
[75]胡皓.自组织论与会发展研究[M].海:海科技教育版，2002.
[76]卢询等.论自组织系统的特征[J].信息工程学院学报，1998，17(1):52-55.
[77] Loo Lee Sim, Lai Choo Malone-Lee, Kein Hoong Lawrence Chin.Integrating land use and transport planning to reduce work-relatedtravel: a case study of Tampines Regional Centre in Singapore[J].Habitat International，2001(25)：399-414.
[78]W.H.K. Lam．A Stochastic User Equilibrium Assignment Model forCongested Transit net works[J]. Transportation Research Part B，1999(33):351-368.
[79]Kant. Critique of Teleologieal Judgment[M]. Haeken PublishingComPany，1987.
[75] BYUNG-WOOK WIE，ROGER L TOBIN. Dynamic congestion pricing models forgeneral traffic networks[J]. Transportation Res B,1998,32(5)：313-327.
[80] YURY G POGORELOV. Automatic autonomous system for correlativecontrol of traffic[J]. Transportation Res C,1995,3(2)：73-81.
[81] MING YANG. Transportation and Environment in XIAMEN[J].Transportation Res D,1998,3(5)：297-307.
[82] Yury G Pogorelov. Automatic autonomous system for correlativecontrol of traffic[J].Transportation Research Part C，1995，3(2)：73-81.
[83]Saleh Mohsen A. Study of congestion control schemes in multimediatraffic networks[D]. New York：City University of New York，1994.
[84]云．散构的特征[J]．广师范大学学报(自科学版)，2002，20（1）：94-96
[85]周秋．散构论的思考[J]．庆师范学院学报(自科学版)，1995，12（2）：20-23
[86]D.L.Schrank，S.M.Turner，T.J.Lomax. Trends in Urban RoadwayCongestion-1982to1991，Volume1:Annual Report1131-6.TexasTransportation institute[R].Texas Department of Transportation，1994.
[87]Champagne Nicolas，Vasseur Romain，Montourcy Adrien. Traffic jamsand intermittent flows in microfluidic networks[J]. Physicalreview letters,2010,105(4):256-260.
[88]Gao Ziyou, Long Jiancheng, Li Xingang. Congestion propagation lawand dissipation control strategies for urban traffic[J]. Universityof Shanghai for Science and Technology,2011,33(6):701-708.
[89]龙建成.城市道路交通拥堵传播规消散控策略研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2009.
[90]Fernandez, Shery. Solution of the Traffic Jam Problem through FuzzyApplications[J]. International Conference on Methods and Models inScience and Technology,2010,132(4):4-8.
[91]Degond Pierre，Delitala Marcello. Modeling and Simulation ofVehicular Traffic Jam Formation[J]. KINETIC AND RELATED MODELS,2008,1(2):279-293.
[92]Belitsky V，Schutz GM. Cellular automaton model for molecular trafficjams[J]. Journal of statistical mechanics-theory and experiment,2011,07, P07007.
[93]Long Jiancheng, Gao Ziyou, Zhao Xiaomei. Urban Traffic Jam SimulationBased on the Cell Transmission Model[J]. NETWORKS&SPATIAL ECONOMICS,2011,11(1):43-64.
[94]Wakita Yukiko，Kuroda Takuya，Kita Eisuke. Cellular AutomataSimulation of Traffic Jam in Sag Section[C].8th InternationalConference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry,2008,5191:441-446
[95]姚涵.车排模型研究[D].长春:吉林大学，2009.
[96]Su Yuelong, WeiZheng, Yao Danya, Zhang Yi. Model of Start up LostTime and Headway of Queuing Motor Vehicles under Mixed TrafficCondition[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research andDevelopment,2008,25(7):113-140.
[97]Wu Zheng, Wang Maolin, Deng Tinhuan. Measurement Research for LevelCrossing Traffic Flow Starting Wave and its Application[J]. Journalof Fudan University (Natural Science),2001,40(6):593-598.
[98]Luo Xia, Du Jinyou, Huo Yamin. Study on the Distribution Patternsof Time Headway of Vehicles[J]. JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONGUNIVERSITY,2001,36(2):113-116.
[99]Orosz Gabor，Wilson R，Eddie Stepan，Gabor. Traffic jams: dynamicsand control introduction[J]. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYALSOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES,2010,368(1928):4455-4479.
[100]Gupta Arvind Kumar，Sharma Sapna. Nonlinear analysis of traffic jamsin an anisotropic continuum model[J]. CHINESE PHYSICS B,2010,19(11):110-503.
[101]Berthelin F，Degond P，Delitala M. A model for the formation andevolution of traffic jams[J]. ARCHIVE FOR RATIONAL MECHANICS ANDANALYSIS,2008,187(2):185-220.
[102]Bak P，Tang C，Wiesenfeld K. Self-organized criticality: Anexplanation of1/f Noise[J]. Phys Rev Lett，1987，59(4):78-85.
[103]Bak P，Tang C， Wiesenfeld K. Self-organized criticality[J]. PhysRev A,1988，38(2):56-60.
[104]Manna S S. Two-state model of self-organized criticality[J]. PhysA，1991，24(5):363-370.
[105]Dhar D. The Abelian sandpile and related models[J]. Physica A，1999，32(3):263-268.
[106]Karmakar R，Manna S S. Sandpile model on a quenched substrategenerated by kinetic self-avoiding trails[J]. Phys Rev E，2005，71(1)101-106.
[107]Olami Z，Feder S，Christensen K. Self-organiazed criticality ina continuous, nonconservative cellular automation modelingearthquakes[J]. Phys Rev Lett，1992，68(3)56-68.
[108]Christensen K，Olami Z. Scaling, phase transitions, andnonuniversality in a self-organized critical cellular-automatonmodel[J]. Phys Rev A，1992，46(6):96-102.
[109]Yin Yan-Ping，Zhang Duan-Ming，Pan Gui-Jun. Sandpile dynamics drivenby degree on scale-free networks[J]. CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS，2007，24(8):2200-2203.
[110]Lee DS，Goh KI，Kahng B. Sandpile avalanche dynamics on scale-freenetworks[C].2nd International Conference on Frontier Science,2003,20(12):2122-2125.
[111]Stella AL，De Menech M. Mechanisms of avalanche dynamics and formsof scaling in sandpiles[J]. IUPAP International Conference on NewTrends in the Fractal Aspects of Complex Systems,2001,295(1):101-107.
[112]Li Yuan-fu, Yao Ling-lan, Deng Yu-cai. An Experimental Study on theSelf Organized Criticality of Sand Pile Model with One Grade Slope[J].JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY,2000,35(2):121-125
[113]逊.复杂网络沙堆动力学研究[D].海：海交通大学，2007.
[114]越磊.沙堆模型复杂性现自组织临界性系统研究[D].四川：南交通大学，2005.
[115]孙红章.若干沙堆模型的驱动、拓扑构其临界行为影响的研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学，2005.
[116]Lv Yongbo，Wang Yongming，Fu Pengbo. Study of the Dissipation ofTraffic Jam Caused by Expressway Accidents[C].38th InternationalConference on Computers and Industrial Engineering,2008,1(3):742-748.
[117]Jiang Bin，Zhao Sijian，Yin Junjun. Self-organized natural roadsfor predicting traffic flow: a sensitivity study[J]. JOURNAL OFSTATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT,2008,07:107-115.
[118]G. Abu-Lebdeh, Renekohal. Development of Traffic Control and QueueManagement Procedures for Oversaturated Arterials[J].Transportation Research Record，1997，16(3):119-127.
[119]S Chih Chiang. An Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System[J].Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice，1997，31(1):58-63.
[120]P T Martin，P Joseph etc. Adaptive Signal Control II[M].2003.
[121]R Biplin. Integrationg the traffic Management Applications ofITS:An Overview of the UTMC Progrmme in the UK[J]. ITS Journal，2000(6):83-90.
[122]S C Wong. Derivatives of the Performance Index for the Traffic Modelfrom Transit[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological，1995，29(5):303-327.
[123]B Wolshon，C T William. Analysis of Intersection Delay under Realtime Adaptive Signal Control[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies，1999，7(1):53-72.
[124] S C Wong. Group-based Optimisation of Signal Timings using theTRANSYT Traffic Model[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological，1996，30(3):217-244.
[125]徐丽,杨兆升,管德永.流信控运行时间预的影响[J].公路交通科技，2001,18(1):51-57.
[126]万绪军,陆普.实时自适应交通信控优论模型[J].交通运输工程学报，2001，1(4):60-66.
[127]温惠英,尹宏,徐建.一种信交叉口模糊交通控方法[J].华南工大学学报(自科学版)，2001,29(12):22-25.
[128]瑞敏,史其信.于多能体系统的城市交通控与诱成研究[J].公路交通科技，2004，21(5):109-112.
[129]韩凤春.城市交叉口混交通流特性提高通行能力策研究[J].中人民公安大学学报(自科学版)，2004，2(40):93-96.
[130]马建,张海涛,任福田,建.信交叉口交通组织与管方案优分系统计[J].公路交通科技，2001，18(5):87-89.
[131]杨锦，杨.城市信控交叉口信周期时长优模型[J].同济大学学报，2001,29(7):789-794.
[132]尼尔鸠夫，休伯，蒋璜.交通流论[M]，北京：人民交通版，1983.
[133]WilliamR Meshane. Traffic Engineering，Seeond Edition[M]. PreniieeHall，1998.
[2]陈中.自动研究[M].北京：科学版，1963.
[3]戴鸣钟译.协同—自成功的奥秘[M].海：海科学普版，1988.
[4]胡世华.控系统的发展[J].科学通报，1965，10：862-869.
[5]肯，任.协学[J].自杂志，1987，4：72-79.
[6]刘若庄，马本堃.非平衡系统同中的自组织现[J].物，1979，8(5)：449-455.
[7]苗升.系统科学精要[M].北京：中人民大学版，1998.
[8]吴彤.自组织方法伦研究[M].北京：清华大学版，2001.
[9]魏宏森.系统论—系统科学哲学[M].北京：清华大学版，1995.
[10]世.非线性科学与复杂性科学[M].尔：尔工业大学版，2006.
[11]邬焜.自辩证法新编[M].安：安交通大学版，2003.
[12]毕思文.地系统科学[M].北京：科学版，2002.
[13]马成.情报科学论[M].北京：科学版，2009.
[14]刘宗昌.料组织构转变[M].北京：冶金工业版，2006.
[15]BIHAM，O MIDDLETON，A LEVINE. self-organization and a dynamictransition in traffic-flow models[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW A，1992，46(10)：6124-6127.
[16]T Nagatani. Self-organization and phase transition in traffic-flowmodel of a two-lane roadway[J]. journal of physics A，1993，26(17):781-787.
[17]Kai Nagle，Hans J，Herrmannyanjiule. Deterministic models for trafficjams[J]. physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications，1993，199(2):254-269.
[18]Takashi，Nagatani. Self-Organization in2D traffic flow model withjam-avoiding drive[J]. Journal of Physical of Japan，1994，6(4):1421-1430.
[19]Shin-ichi Tadaki，Macoto Kikuchi. Self-Organization in a TwoDimensional Cellular Automaton Modle of Traffic Flow[J]. Journal ofPhysical of Japan，1995，6(4):4504-4508.
[20]T Nagatani. Self-organized criticality in1D traffic flow model withinflow or outflow[J]. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General，1995，28(4):119-124.
[21]Akinori Awazu. Dynamics of Two Equivalent Lanes Traffic FlowModel:Self-Organization of the Slow Lane and Fast Lane[J]. JOURNALOF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN，1998，67(4):1071-1074.
[22]Shi Y. Self-organization and phase transition in two-dimensionaltraffic-flow model[J]. COMMUNICATIONS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS，1999，31(1):85-90.
[23]Debashish Chowdhury，Andreas Schadschneider. Self-organization oftraffic jams in cities: Effects of stochastic dynamics and signalperiods[J]. Physical review E，1999，59(2):1311-1314.
[24]Honda Y，Horiguchi T. Self organization in four-direction trafficflow model[J]，JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN，2000，69(11):3744-3751.
[25]Lan LW，Lin FY，Wang YP. Self-organization phenomenon and the edgeof chaos in traffic flow dynamics[C]。5th Conference of the EasternAsia Society for Transportation Studies，2003，4(1):574-582.
[26]Hu JM，Song JY，ZhangY. Modeling and analysis for self-organizationof urban traffic flow[C].8th IEEE International Conference onIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC2005)，2005：409-495.
[27]Smith RD. THE DYNAMICS OF INTERNET TRAFFIC: SELF-SIMILARITY,SELF-ORGANIZATION, AND COMPLEX PHENOMENA[J]. ADVANCES IN COMPLEXSYSTEMS，2011，14(6):905-949.
[28]黄必亮.交通系统自组织、组织作的研究[J].系统工程论与实践，1997(8):67-75.
[29]冯蔚.于自组织论的交通流步研究[J].系统科学，1998，13(4):104-108.
[30]秉宏.交通流中的自组织临界性研究[J].广师范大学学报,2002，20(1):45-50.
[31]陈涛，陈森发.城市道路交通系统散构特性研究[J].土木工程学报，2004，37(1):74-77.
[32]聂伟，邵福春.散构熵变论在区域交通系统中的应探讨[J].公路交通科技，2006，23(10):95-98.
[33]Minoru Fukui，Yoshihiro Ishibashi. Eolution of Traffic Jam in TrafficFlow Model[J]. JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN，1993，62：3841-3844.
[34]B. S. Kerner, S. L. Klenov, P. Konha¨user. Asymptotic theory oftraffic jams[J]. physical review E，1997，556(4):4200-4216.
[35]Kerner B S. Experimental Features of Self-organization in TrafficFlow[J]. Physical Review Letters，1998，81(17):3797-3800.
[36]Or EM，Shir E，Solomon S. Solving traffic jams: Human interventionor self-organization?[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICSC，2003，14(8):1007-1014.
[37]Hercog LM. Co-evolutionary agent self-organization for city trafficcongestion modeling[C].6th Annual Genetic and EvolutionaryComputation Conference，2004，31(3):993-1004.
[38]陈涛，陈森发.涨后的城市道路交通拥挤蒙特卡预[J].系统工程论与实践，2004，12：123-127.
[39]陈涛.于系统科学论的城市道路交通拥挤预与控模型研究[D].南京：南大学，2005.
[40]曾红丽.复杂网络的自组织临界性[D].南京：南京航空航大学，2008.
[41]强刚.于熵散构论的道路交通状态演变[J].交通标准，2010，214：95-98.
[42].于熵流体力学的城市主干道交通状态判别方法研究[D].尔：北林业大学，2010.
[43]Sekiyama K，Nakansishi. Self-organizing control of urban trafficsignal network[J]. System，Man，andCybernrtics，2001，4(2)：2481-2486.
[44]Dirk Helbing，Stefan Lammer. Self-organized Conrtol of Irregual orPerturbed Network Traffic[J]. Advances in Computational ManagementScience，2005，7(4)：239-274.
[45]Zhai GS，Cha JZ. Study on dynamic self-organization decision of urbantraffic control system[C].10th World Multi-Conference on Systemics,Cybernetics and Informatics/12th International Conference onInformation Systems Analysis and Synthesis，2006:359-364.
[46]Stefan L¨ammer，Dirk Helbing. Self-control of traffic lights andvehicle flows in urban road networks[J]. Journal of StatisticalMechanics：Theory and Experiment，2008，2(10):1742-1756.
[47]Gershenson C，Rosenblueth DA. Adaptive self-organization vs staticoptimization A qualitative comparison in traffic lightcoordination[J]. KYBERNETES，2012，41(3)：386-340.
[48]冯蔚.交通流自组织其于自组织论的管控模式研究[J].系统工程论与实践,1999(9):2-9.
[49]张兆，庆琰.城市交通控系统自组织方法研究[J].造业自动，2002，24(3)：38-40.
[50]段青.有自组织能力的道路交通信灯控系统[J].中南民族大学学报，2004，23(3)：64-67.
[51]程阳.城市交通系统的散构研究[C].第一届中能交通年会论文，2005.
[52]魏俊华，安麟，杜念慈.于规则的城市交通信自组织控[J].海交通大学学报，2006，40(6)：973-977.
[53]陈涛.道路交通无序拥挤控模型的研究[J].公路交通科技，2006，23(11)：95-99.
[54]蒋贤.交叉口信控自组织方法与系统应研究[D].尔：尔工业大学，2007.
[55]海峰.局部拥挤条件下尘世道路交通信控方法研究[D].长春：吉林大学，2008.
[56]媛，杨兆升.于次支持的区域战略交通控策略优方法[J].吉林大学学报（工学版），2009，39(1)：38-44.
[57].自组织式交通信协调控模型[J].计算与控，2012，20(11)：2979-2982.
[58]吴彤.自组织方法论研究[M].北京：清华大学版，2001.
[59]De Meer Hermann，sterbenz james P G. Self-organising systems [M].Euron:First International Workshop，2006.
[60]沈峰.散构论[M].海：海人民版，1987.
[61]如生.非平衡态热力学散构[M].北京：清华大学版，1986.
[62]肯，凌复华.协同学[M].海：海译文版，2001.
[63]托姆，周良.突变论[M].海：海译文版，1989.
[64]Hebing D. fundamentals of traffic flow[J]. Physical Review E,1997,55(3):3735.
[65]Kemer B S. Three-phase traffic theory and highway capacity[J].Physica A:Statistical Mechanjcs and its Applications,2004,333:379-440.
[66]关伟，蜀燕.于统计特性的城市快速路交通流状态分[J].交通运输系统工程与信息，2007，7(5):43-50.
[67]殿海.交通流论[M].北京：人民交通版，2002.
[68]任福田.交通工程学[M].北京：人民交通版，2008.
[69]文霞.高速公路本路段车换道安全离模型的研究[D].长春：吉林大学，2004.
[70]秀成.道路交通运行分础[M].南京：南大学版，2009.
[71]殿海，志涛.车离散模型研究[J].交通运输工程学报.2001，1(1):68-71.
[72]湛垦华，孟宪俊，张强.涨与系统自组织[J].中会科学，1989，4(11):173-184.
[73]帕普斯，佩莱，保铮，概.随变与随程[M].安：安交通大学版，2004.
[74]吴彤．散构论的自组织方法论研究[J]．科学技与辩证法，1998（6）：67-73
[75]胡皓.自组织论与会发展研究[M].海:海科技教育版，2002.
[76]卢询等.论自组织系统的特征[J].信息工程学院学报，1998，17(1):52-55.
[77] Loo Lee Sim, Lai Choo Malone-Lee, Kein Hoong Lawrence Chin.Integrating land use and transport planning to reduce work-relatedtravel: a case study of Tampines Regional Centre in Singapore[J].Habitat International，2001(25)：399-414.
[78]W.H.K. Lam．A Stochastic User Equilibrium Assignment Model forCongested Transit net works[J]. Transportation Research Part B，1999(33):351-368.
[79]Kant. Critique of Teleologieal Judgment[M]. Haeken PublishingComPany，1987.
[75] BYUNG-WOOK WIE，ROGER L TOBIN. Dynamic congestion pricing models forgeneral traffic networks[J]. Transportation Res B,1998,32(5)：313-327.
[80] YURY G POGORELOV. Automatic autonomous system for correlativecontrol of traffic[J]. Transportation Res C,1995,3(2)：73-81.
[81] MING YANG. Transportation and Environment in XIAMEN[J].Transportation Res D,1998,3(5)：297-307.
[82] Yury G Pogorelov. Automatic autonomous system for correlativecontrol of traffic[J].Transportation Research Part C，1995，3(2)：73-81.
[83]Saleh Mohsen A. Study of congestion control schemes in multimediatraffic networks[D]. New York：City University of New York，1994.
[84]云．散构的特征[J]．广师范大学学报(自科学版)，2002，20（1）：94-96
[85]周秋．散构论的思考[J]．庆师范学院学报(自科学版)，1995，12（2）：20-23
[86]D.L.Schrank，S.M.Turner，T.J.Lomax. Trends in Urban RoadwayCongestion-1982to1991，Volume1:Annual Report1131-6.TexasTransportation institute[R].Texas Department of Transportation，1994.
[87]Champagne Nicolas，Vasseur Romain，Montourcy Adrien. Traffic jamsand intermittent flows in microfluidic networks[J]. Physicalreview letters,2010,105(4):256-260.
[88]Gao Ziyou, Long Jiancheng, Li Xingang. Congestion propagation lawand dissipation control strategies for urban traffic[J]. Universityof Shanghai for Science and Technology,2011,33(6):701-708.
[89]龙建成.城市道路交通拥堵传播规消散控策略研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2009.
[90]Fernandez, Shery. Solution of the Traffic Jam Problem through FuzzyApplications[J]. International Conference on Methods and Models inScience and Technology,2010,132(4):4-8.
[91]Degond Pierre，Delitala Marcello. Modeling and Simulation ofVehicular Traffic Jam Formation[J]. KINETIC AND RELATED MODELS,2008,1(2):279-293.
[92]Belitsky V，Schutz GM. Cellular automaton model for molecular trafficjams[J]. Journal of statistical mechanics-theory and experiment,2011,07, P07007.
[93]Long Jiancheng, Gao Ziyou, Zhao Xiaomei. Urban Traffic Jam SimulationBased on the Cell Transmission Model[J]. NETWORKS&SPATIAL ECONOMICS,2011,11(1):43-64.
[94]Wakita Yukiko，Kuroda Takuya，Kita Eisuke. Cellular AutomataSimulation of Traffic Jam in Sag Section[C].8th InternationalConference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry,2008,5191:441-446
[95]姚涵.车排模型研究[D].长春:吉林大学，2009.
[96]Su Yuelong, WeiZheng, Yao Danya, Zhang Yi. Model of Start up LostTime and Headway of Queuing Motor Vehicles under Mixed TrafficCondition[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research andDevelopment,2008,25(7):113-140.
[97]Wu Zheng, Wang Maolin, Deng Tinhuan. Measurement Research for LevelCrossing Traffic Flow Starting Wave and its Application[J]. Journalof Fudan University (Natural Science),2001,40(6):593-598.
[98]Luo Xia, Du Jinyou, Huo Yamin. Study on the Distribution Patternsof Time Headway of Vehicles[J]. JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONGUNIVERSITY,2001,36(2):113-116.
[99]Orosz Gabor，Wilson R，Eddie Stepan，Gabor. Traffic jams: dynamicsand control introduction[J]. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYALSOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES,2010,368(1928):4455-4479.
[100]Gupta Arvind Kumar，Sharma Sapna. Nonlinear analysis of traffic jamsin an anisotropic continuum model[J]. CHINESE PHYSICS B,2010,19(11):110-503.
[101]Berthelin F，Degond P，Delitala M. A model for the formation andevolution of traffic jams[J]. ARCHIVE FOR RATIONAL MECHANICS ANDANALYSIS,2008,187(2):185-220.
[102]Bak P，Tang C，Wiesenfeld K. Self-organized criticality: Anexplanation of1/f Noise[J]. Phys Rev Lett，1987，59(4):78-85.
[103]Bak P，Tang C， Wiesenfeld K. Self-organized criticality[J]. PhysRev A,1988，38(2):56-60.
[104]Manna S S. Two-state model of self-organized criticality[J]. PhysA，1991，24(5):363-370.
[105]Dhar D. The Abelian sandpile and related models[J]. Physica A，1999，32(3):263-268.
[106]Karmakar R，Manna S S. Sandpile model on a quenched substrategenerated by kinetic self-avoiding trails[J]. Phys Rev E，2005，71(1)101-106.
[107]Olami Z，Feder S，Christensen K. Self-organiazed criticality ina continuous, nonconservative cellular automation modelingearthquakes[J]. Phys Rev Lett，1992，68(3)56-68.
[108]Christensen K，Olami Z. Scaling, phase transitions, andnonuniversality in a self-organized critical cellular-automatonmodel[J]. Phys Rev A，1992，46(6):96-102.
[109]Yin Yan-Ping，Zhang Duan-Ming，Pan Gui-Jun. Sandpile dynamics drivenby degree on scale-free networks[J]. CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS，2007，24(8):2200-2203.
[110]Lee DS，Goh KI，Kahng B. Sandpile avalanche dynamics on scale-freenetworks[C].2nd International Conference on Frontier Science,2003,20(12):2122-2125.
[111]Stella AL，De Menech M. Mechanisms of avalanche dynamics and formsof scaling in sandpiles[J]. IUPAP International Conference on NewTrends in the Fractal Aspects of Complex Systems,2001,295(1):101-107.
[112]Li Yuan-fu, Yao Ling-lan, Deng Yu-cai. An Experimental Study on theSelf Organized Criticality of Sand Pile Model with One Grade Slope[J].JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY,2000,35(2):121-125
[113]逊.复杂网络沙堆动力学研究[D].海：海交通大学，2007.
[114]越磊.沙堆模型复杂性现自组织临界性系统研究[D].四川：南交通大学，2005.
[115]孙红章.若干沙堆模型的驱动、拓扑构其临界行为影响的研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学，2005.
[116]Lv Yongbo，Wang Yongming，Fu Pengbo. Study of the Dissipation ofTraffic Jam Caused by Expressway Accidents[C].38th InternationalConference on Computers and Industrial Engineering,2008,1(3):742-748.
[117]Jiang Bin，Zhao Sijian，Yin Junjun. Self-organized natural roadsfor predicting traffic flow: a sensitivity study[J]. JOURNAL OFSTATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT,2008,07:107-115.
[118]G. Abu-Lebdeh, Renekohal. Development of Traffic Control and QueueManagement Procedures for Oversaturated Arterials[J].Transportation Research Record，1997，16(3):119-127.
[119]S Chih Chiang. An Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System[J].Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice，1997，31(1):58-63.
[120]P T Martin，P Joseph etc. Adaptive Signal Control II[M].2003.
[121]R Biplin. Integrationg the traffic Management Applications ofITS:An Overview of the UTMC Progrmme in the UK[J]. ITS Journal，2000(6):83-90.
[122]S C Wong. Derivatives of the Performance Index for the Traffic Modelfrom Transit[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological，1995，29(5):303-327.
[123]B Wolshon，C T William. Analysis of Intersection Delay under Realtime Adaptive Signal Control[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies，1999，7(1):53-72.
[124] S C Wong. Group-based Optimisation of Signal Timings using theTRANSYT Traffic Model[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological，1996，30(3):217-244.
[125]徐丽,杨兆升,管德永.流信控运行时间预的影响[J].公路交通科技，2001,18(1):51-57.
[126]万绪军,陆普.实时自适应交通信控优论模型[J].交通运输工程学报，2001，1(4):60-66.
[127]温惠英,尹宏,徐建.一种信交叉口模糊交通控方法[J].华南工大学学报(自科学版)，2001,29(12):22-25.
[128]瑞敏,史其信.于多能体系统的城市交通控与诱成研究[J].公路交通科技，2004，21(5):109-112.
[129]韩凤春.城市交叉口混交通流特性提高通行能力策研究[J].中人民公安大学学报(自科学版)，2004，2(40):93-96.
[130]马建,张海涛,任福田,建.信交叉口交通组织与管方案优分系统计[J].公路交通科技，2001，18(5):87-89.
[131]杨锦，杨.城市信控交叉口信周期时长优模型[J].同济大学学报，2001,29(7):789-794.
[132]尼尔鸠夫，休伯，蒋璜.交通流论[M]，北京：人民交通版，1983.
[133]WilliamR Meshane. Traffic Engineering，Seeond Edition[M]. PreniieeHall，1998.