麦稻、油稻轮作系统中硫砷的交互作用及其效应
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摘要
硫能够提高植物的抗逆性,增加植物抵抗重金属毒害的能力,已经被广泛报道过。但是关于在不同硫水平下对植物砷毒害抗性的影响尚没有明确的结论。麦稻轮作、油稻轮作是主要种植区域——长江中下游地区的两种主要的水旱轮作方式。而在长江中下游地区普遍存在着土壤硫缺乏的现象,在安徽、湖南、湖北等地区也有不同程度的砷污染。同时,关于这两种轮作体系中的硫、砷交互效应还未有报道。因此,本文在总结国内外关于硫、砷关系及其对植物影响的研究进展的基础上,通过盆栽的方式,进行了硫、砷交互对油稻、麦稻轮作影响的研究,并对两种轮作系统在不同硫水平下对砷毒害的抗性进行了比较。其主要结果如下：
1.研究了不同硫、砷水平对麦稻轮作系统,油稻轮作系统中土壤硫、砷有效性的影响。结果表明：油菜种植后土壤有效硫、砷含量分别比小麦种植土壤低12.91%和36.60%；在水稻种植过后油稻轮作系统中土壤有效硫和有效砷含量有所恢复,其土壤硫、砷的有效性与麦稻轮作系统土壤持平。
2.研究了不同硫、砷水平对麦稻轮作系统,油稻轮作系统中小麦、油菜和水稻产量及其构成要素的影响。结果表明,在未施砷土壤中,施入硫肥能够促进小麦、油菜和水稻的增产；最大增幅分别为55.29%,24.41%和31.26%。但在砷污染土壤中,施入硫肥会降低小麦、油菜的产量。在砷污染土壤中,硫肥的施入都能够增加水稻的产量,在麦稻轮作系统和油稻轮作系统中最大增幅分别为41.52%和18.06%。小麦、油菜和水稻产量数据都表明,油菜对砷毒害的耐性较小麦和水稻要强,而小麦对硫的敏感性要强于油菜。
3.研究了不同硫、砷水平对小麦、油菜和水稻中硫、砷含量及其积累量的影响。结果表明：施砷能够促进小麦、油菜和水稻植株中硫含量的增加。在砷污染土壤中,硫的施入能够降低油菜和水稻籽粒中砷的含量,最大降幅分别达到25.72%和46.00%。而且油稻轮作系统较麦稻轮作系统更有利于降低水稻地上部的砷含量。
It was reported that the resistance of plants to stress, particularly to the heavy metal pollution could be improved by sulfur. However, there is still no clear conclusion about the effect of different S levels on plant resistance to arsenic poisoning in field. Wheat-rice and rape-rice rotation are the two main typical cropping system in the area along Yangtze River, and the soils are widespread not enough sulfur for the crop growth while different levels of soil arsenic contamination occurred in this area of Anhui, Hunan, Hubei. In addition, there is lack of reports about the interaction between sulfur and arsenic in these two crop systems. This study was undertaken by pot experiment on interaction between sulfur and arsenic in wheat-rice and rape-rice rotation systems, especially to measure the plant's resistance to arsenic poison under different sulfur levels condition for these two systems. The main results are as follows:
1. Effect of different soil As and S concentrations on available sulfur and available arsenic contents in soils of wheat-rice cultivation rotation and rapeseed-rice cultivation rotation were researched. The results showed that the soil available sulfur and available arsenic content after rapeseed planting were lower 12.91% and 36.60% than the soil after wheat planting, but the concentrations of soil available sulfur and available arsenic in rapeseed-rice system were no significantly different with the wheat-rice system after rice harvested.
2. The yields of wheat, rapeseed and rice were all increased by sulfur application while there were no arsenic contamination, the maxium increase rates of the three crops were 55.29%,24.41% and 31.26% respectvely. By the contrary, under the soil arsenic contamination condition, the yields of wheat and rapeseed did not increased significantly while only the rice yield was raised by sulfur application in this two crop system, the maxium increase rates of rice in wheat-rice and rape-rice system were 41.52% and 18.06% respectively. It also meant that the rapeseed could resist the arsenic pollution more than wheat and rice.
3. The sulfur contents of winter wheat, rapeseed and rice were raised by soil arsenic contamination. Under arsenic contamination soil condition, the grain arsenic concentrations of rice and rapeseed were decreased by applying sulfur fertilizer, the maxium decrease rates of rice and rapeseed were 41.52% and 18.06% respectively. And the rice arsenic concentration of the rapeseed-rice rotation was declined more than the wheat-rice system.
1.研究了不同硫、砷水平对麦稻轮作系统,油稻轮作系统中土壤硫、砷有效性的影响。结果表明：油菜种植后土壤有效硫、砷含量分别比小麦种植土壤低12.91%和36.60%；在水稻种植过后油稻轮作系统中土壤有效硫和有效砷含量有所恢复,其土壤硫、砷的有效性与麦稻轮作系统土壤持平。
2.研究了不同硫、砷水平对麦稻轮作系统,油稻轮作系统中小麦、油菜和水稻产量及其构成要素的影响。结果表明,在未施砷土壤中,施入硫肥能够促进小麦、油菜和水稻的增产；最大增幅分别为55.29%,24.41%和31.26%。但在砷污染土壤中,施入硫肥会降低小麦、油菜的产量。在砷污染土壤中,硫肥的施入都能够增加水稻的产量,在麦稻轮作系统和油稻轮作系统中最大增幅分别为41.52%和18.06%。小麦、油菜和水稻产量数据都表明,油菜对砷毒害的耐性较小麦和水稻要强,而小麦对硫的敏感性要强于油菜。
3.研究了不同硫、砷水平对小麦、油菜和水稻中硫、砷含量及其积累量的影响。结果表明：施砷能够促进小麦、油菜和水稻植株中硫含量的增加。在砷污染土壤中,硫的施入能够降低油菜和水稻籽粒中砷的含量,最大降幅分别达到25.72%和46.00%。而且油稻轮作系统较麦稻轮作系统更有利于降低水稻地上部的砷含量。
It was reported that the resistance of plants to stress, particularly to the heavy metal pollution could be improved by sulfur. However, there is still no clear conclusion about the effect of different S levels on plant resistance to arsenic poisoning in field. Wheat-rice and rape-rice rotation are the two main typical cropping system in the area along Yangtze River, and the soils are widespread not enough sulfur for the crop growth while different levels of soil arsenic contamination occurred in this area of Anhui, Hunan, Hubei. In addition, there is lack of reports about the interaction between sulfur and arsenic in these two crop systems. This study was undertaken by pot experiment on interaction between sulfur and arsenic in wheat-rice and rape-rice rotation systems, especially to measure the plant's resistance to arsenic poison under different sulfur levels condition for these two systems. The main results are as follows:
1. Effect of different soil As and S concentrations on available sulfur and available arsenic contents in soils of wheat-rice cultivation rotation and rapeseed-rice cultivation rotation were researched. The results showed that the soil available sulfur and available arsenic content after rapeseed planting were lower 12.91% and 36.60% than the soil after wheat planting, but the concentrations of soil available sulfur and available arsenic in rapeseed-rice system were no significantly different with the wheat-rice system after rice harvested.
2. The yields of wheat, rapeseed and rice were all increased by sulfur application while there were no arsenic contamination, the maxium increase rates of the three crops were 55.29%,24.41% and 31.26% respectvely. By the contrary, under the soil arsenic contamination condition, the yields of wheat and rapeseed did not increased significantly while only the rice yield was raised by sulfur application in this two crop system, the maxium increase rates of rice in wheat-rice and rape-rice system were 41.52% and 18.06% respectively. It also meant that the rapeseed could resist the arsenic pollution more than wheat and rice.
3. The sulfur contents of winter wheat, rapeseed and rice were raised by soil arsenic contamination. Under arsenic contamination soil condition, the grain arsenic concentrations of rice and rapeseed were decreased by applying sulfur fertilizer, the maxium decrease rates of rice and rapeseed were 41.52% and 18.06% respectively. And the rice arsenic concentration of the rapeseed-rice rotation was declined more than the wheat-rice system.
引文
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