嵌入式高精度时统控制与信号处理板设计实现
摘要
随着电子技术的发展，高精度时间同步系统越来越在通信、深空探测、国防等高精尖技术领域得到广泛的应用。全球定位系统(GPS)由于具有可全球性全天时全天候覆盖的信号以及它搭载了可作为时频标准的高稳高准原子钟这两大优点，从而易于实现高精度低成本的时间同步系统。
本文首先综述了研究时统设备的意义、时统设备的应用和发展现状，然后介绍了GPS系统的组成和授时原理，分析了采用GPS授时系统作为时间同步基准的优势。在此基础上设计了一套基于GPS和DSP的高对时精度和高守时精度的具备信号产生、数据采集和数据处理的功能的嵌入式时统控制及信号处理板。本文完成了系统的总体设计和硬件平台的实现及调试，完成了系统部分软件的开发，主要包括PCI设备在WINDOWS2000下的驱动程序、VC++6.0环境下主控应用程序、DSP的Bootloader程序及部分DSP程序的开发。
本文完成了QuartusⅡ环境下利用VHDL语言实现高精度对时功能和守时功能的逻辑程序编写。分析了GPS信号的有效性、稳定性对时间同步精度的影响，并提出了修正方法；研究了利用GPS秒脉冲和高稳定晶体精度互补的特点和统计学的原理精确测量晶体时钟频率的方法，有效的提高了系统的时间同步精度和GPS信号失效后系统的自守时精度。实现了时统控制和信号处理板卡高精度时间同步和守时功能，并成功应用于某被动测距声纳的校准系统中。
With the development of the electronic technic, high accuracy synchronous time system has been more and more widespread used in many fields such as communications, deep-space exploration and national defence. We can easily use Global Positioning System(GPS) to make up high-precision and low-cost synchronization time system because it has high stability and precision atom standard and it's signal can wholly cover theearth at any time and at any weather.
Firstly,the meaning of research, state-of-the-art and the applications of synchronous time equipment are summarized;then, the component and time service principle of the GPS system are introduced,the predominance of GPS in using for synchronous time system is analyzed.A embedded high accuracy synchronous time control and signal processing circuit board based on GPS and DSP is designed,which can be used for signal generating,data acquisition and data processing.The overrall design of the system and the realization of hardware platform are finished in this thesis .The development of some software is introduced, including the drivers of hardware in Win2000, the bootloader and application programs of DSP. Besides, the main control application program is developed in VC++6.0.
The logical programing which realizes high accuracy synchronous time and high accuracy timekeeping is completed in Quartus II with VHDL language.The effect of the GPS signal's availability and stability on synchronous time precision is analyzed,and the correction methods are pionted out. This thesis presents a new method to measure the frequency of the crystal oscillator clock accurately, which is based on both the complement of the errors between GPS and crystal oscillator and statistics theory.The method has increased the synchronous time precision and timekeeping precision of the system availability. High accuracy synchronous time and timekeeping function of the synchronous time control and singal processing board have been realized.The board has been used in the correction system of a passive ranging sona successfully.
本文首先综述了研究时统设备的意义、时统设备的应用和发展现状，然后介绍了GPS系统的组成和授时原理，分析了采用GPS授时系统作为时间同步基准的优势。在此基础上设计了一套基于GPS和DSP的高对时精度和高守时精度的具备信号产生、数据采集和数据处理的功能的嵌入式时统控制及信号处理板。本文完成了系统的总体设计和硬件平台的实现及调试，完成了系统部分软件的开发，主要包括PCI设备在WINDOWS2000下的驱动程序、VC++6.0环境下主控应用程序、DSP的Bootloader程序及部分DSP程序的开发。
本文完成了QuartusⅡ环境下利用VHDL语言实现高精度对时功能和守时功能的逻辑程序编写。分析了GPS信号的有效性、稳定性对时间同步精度的影响，并提出了修正方法；研究了利用GPS秒脉冲和高稳定晶体精度互补的特点和统计学的原理精确测量晶体时钟频率的方法，有效的提高了系统的时间同步精度和GPS信号失效后系统的自守时精度。实现了时统控制和信号处理板卡高精度时间同步和守时功能，并成功应用于某被动测距声纳的校准系统中。
With the development of the electronic technic, high accuracy synchronous time system has been more and more widespread used in many fields such as communications, deep-space exploration and national defence. We can easily use Global Positioning System(GPS) to make up high-precision and low-cost synchronization time system because it has high stability and precision atom standard and it's signal can wholly cover theearth at any time and at any weather.
Firstly,the meaning of research, state-of-the-art and the applications of synchronous time equipment are summarized;then, the component and time service principle of the GPS system are introduced,the predominance of GPS in using for synchronous time system is analyzed.A embedded high accuracy synchronous time control and signal processing circuit board based on GPS and DSP is designed,which can be used for signal generating,data acquisition and data processing.The overrall design of the system and the realization of hardware platform are finished in this thesis .The development of some software is introduced, including the drivers of hardware in Win2000, the bootloader and application programs of DSP. Besides, the main control application program is developed in VC++6.0.
The logical programing which realizes high accuracy synchronous time and high accuracy timekeeping is completed in Quartus II with VHDL language.The effect of the GPS signal's availability and stability on synchronous time precision is analyzed,and the correction methods are pionted out. This thesis presents a new method to measure the frequency of the crystal oscillator clock accurately, which is based on both the complement of the errors between GPS and crystal oscillator and statistics theory.The method has increased the synchronous time precision and timekeeping precision of the system availability. High accuracy synchronous time and timekeeping function of the synchronous time control and singal processing board have been realized.The board has been used in the correction system of a passive ranging sona successfully.
引文
[1] 王少荣．电力系统分布式广域同步并行处理平台研究．华中科技大学博士论文．2004
[2] 张立新，王岗，杨文强．定时用户的时间获取技术[J]．空间电子技术．2003(1)：45-48页
[3] 周东明，刘烈昭．多基地雷达同步系统[J]．航天电子对抗．2004(2)：46-49页
[4] Phadke A G. Synchronized phasor measurements in power system. IEEE Computer Application in Power, 1993, 4:10-15P
[5] Kim G T, Kim H S, Choi H Y. Wavelet transform based power transmission line fault location using GPS for accurate time synchronization. The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE. Denver. 2001, USA: Hyatt Regency Tech Center. 2001. 495-499P
[6] 石福升．GPS卫星定位系统在地学仪器中时间同步技术研究．石油仪器．1997，119(4)，19-22页
[7] 谭明勇，方薇，隋志国等．用GPS同步地铁时钟系统．铁道通信信号．2002，38(2)，17-18页
[8] 赵当丽，胡永辉．关于“长河二号”导航系统的时间同步及授时[J]．时间频率学报．2003，26(1)：61-68页
[9] Koppang P, Wheeler P. Working applition of TWSTT for high precision remote synchronization Control [A]. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Frequency Control [C], 1998 : 273-277P
[10] 邱致和，王万义．GPS原理与应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002：2-5
[11] 刘基余．GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M]．北京：科学出版社，2003： 9-16页
[12] 张守信．GPS卫星测量定位理论与应用．长沙：国防科技大学出版社， 1996
[13] Kaplan E D. Understanding GPS: principles and applications. Boston: Artech House, 1996
[14] 清源科技．TMS320C54XDSP硬件开发教程．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．9
[15] 张雄伟．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．第三版．北京： 电子工业出版社，2003
[16] 张勇．C／C++语言硬件程序设计．西安：西安电子工业出版社，2003
[17] 彭启琮．TMS320C54X实用教程．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2000．1
[18] TMS320VC5416 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manul. 2001
[19] TMS320C54xDSP Enhanced Peripherals Reference Set. 2001
[20] TMS320C54xDSP Applications Guide Reference Set. 2001
[21] TMS320C54xDSP Assembly Language Tools User's Guide. 2001
[22] TMS320C54xDSP CPU and Peripherals Reference Set. 2001
[23] TMS320VC5416 Bootloader Application Report. 2002
[24] 陈嵩锐．便携式多波束测深仪多通道数据采集与处理系统．哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文．2005
[25] Altera Corporation. MAX 3000 Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet. June 2003
[26] 李贵山，戚德虎．PCI局部总线开发者指南．西安电子科技大学出版社，1997
[27] PCI-to-PCI Bridge Architecture Specification, PCI SICK, April 1994
[28] 赖晓斌．基于PCI总线的DSP数据采集系统设计，西南石油大学硕士学位论文．2006．5
[29] PCI2040 PCI-DSP Bridge Controller Data Manual. Texas Instruments. July 1999
[30] 薛志宏，刘建业．TMS320C54xx系列DSP异步串行数据传输的研究与实现．工业控制计算机．2003，16(6)：17—19页
[31] 侯伯亨，顾新．VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
[32] 武安河，于洪涛．Windows 2000／XP WDM设备驱动程序开发．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[33] 谭浩强．C语言程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1991
[34] 马安鹏．Visual C++ 6．0程序设计导学．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[35] 曾祥君．电力系统故障检测与定位新原理及其信息融合实现研究．华中科技大学博士学位论文．2000
[36] 张雄伟，陈亮，徐光辉．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．第三版．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[2] 张立新，王岗，杨文强．定时用户的时间获取技术[J]．空间电子技术．2003(1)：45-48页
[3] 周东明，刘烈昭．多基地雷达同步系统[J]．航天电子对抗．2004(2)：46-49页
[4] Phadke A G. Synchronized phasor measurements in power system. IEEE Computer Application in Power, 1993, 4:10-15P
[5] Kim G T, Kim H S, Choi H Y. Wavelet transform based power transmission line fault location using GPS for accurate time synchronization. The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE. Denver. 2001, USA: Hyatt Regency Tech Center. 2001. 495-499P
[6] 石福升．GPS卫星定位系统在地学仪器中时间同步技术研究．石油仪器．1997，119(4)，19-22页
[7] 谭明勇，方薇，隋志国等．用GPS同步地铁时钟系统．铁道通信信号．2002，38(2)，17-18页
[8] 赵当丽，胡永辉．关于“长河二号”导航系统的时间同步及授时[J]．时间频率学报．2003，26(1)：61-68页
[9] Koppang P, Wheeler P. Working applition of TWSTT for high precision remote synchronization Control [A]. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Frequency Control [C], 1998 : 273-277P
[10] 邱致和，王万义．GPS原理与应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002：2-5
[11] 刘基余．GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M]．北京：科学出版社，2003： 9-16页
[12] 张守信．GPS卫星测量定位理论与应用．长沙：国防科技大学出版社， 1996
[13] Kaplan E D. Understanding GPS: principles and applications. Boston: Artech House, 1996
[14] 清源科技．TMS320C54XDSP硬件开发教程．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．9
[15] 张雄伟．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．第三版．北京： 电子工业出版社，2003
[16] 张勇．C／C++语言硬件程序设计．西安：西安电子工业出版社，2003
[17] 彭启琮．TMS320C54X实用教程．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2000．1
[18] TMS320VC5416 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manul. 2001
[19] TMS320C54xDSP Enhanced Peripherals Reference Set. 2001
[20] TMS320C54xDSP Applications Guide Reference Set. 2001
[21] TMS320C54xDSP Assembly Language Tools User's Guide. 2001
[22] TMS320C54xDSP CPU and Peripherals Reference Set. 2001
[23] TMS320VC5416 Bootloader Application Report. 2002
[24] 陈嵩锐．便携式多波束测深仪多通道数据采集与处理系统．哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文．2005
[25] Altera Corporation. MAX 3000 Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet. June 2003
[26] 李贵山，戚德虎．PCI局部总线开发者指南．西安电子科技大学出版社，1997
[27] PCI-to-PCI Bridge Architecture Specification, PCI SICK, April 1994
[28] 赖晓斌．基于PCI总线的DSP数据采集系统设计，西南石油大学硕士学位论文．2006．5
[29] PCI2040 PCI-DSP Bridge Controller Data Manual. Texas Instruments. July 1999
[30] 薛志宏，刘建业．TMS320C54xx系列DSP异步串行数据传输的研究与实现．工业控制计算机．2003，16(6)：17—19页
[31] 侯伯亨，顾新．VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
[32] 武安河，于洪涛．Windows 2000／XP WDM设备驱动程序开发．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[33] 谭浩强．C语言程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1991
[34] 马安鹏．Visual C++ 6．0程序设计导学．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[35] 曾祥君．电力系统故障检测与定位新原理及其信息融合实现研究．华中科技大学博士学位论文．2000
[36] 张雄伟，陈亮，徐光辉．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．第三版．北京：电子工业出版社，2003