发动机气门磨损失效分析及其专家系统知识库的构建
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摘要
气门作为发动机的关键零件之一,其性能的好坏直接影响到发动机的效率和使用寿命。近年来,气门失效已成为车用发动机行业性的恶性故障,其中以磨损失效最为普遍。因此,针对于气门磨损失效的研究,具有十分重要的意义。
本文在提出课题的研究背景、意义、国内外气门失效研究以及专家系统相关知识的基础上,进行了以下三个方面的研究。
1.从发动机气门的服役工况,即载荷、工作温度、燃气腐蚀和润滑状况等四个方面分析了对气门磨损失效的影响,得出了气门磨损失效的四种形式:接触疲劳磨损、高温腐蚀磨损、磨粒磨损和高温蠕变;以两个配合“联接”体的磨损计算法从理论上对发动机气门-门座副磨损量进行了计算。
2.探讨了气门磨损失效的原因及影响因素和气门抗磨技术。主要从设计因素,材质因素,制造与工艺因素和装配服役因素四个方面详细分析了气门的失效原因;从六个方面进行了抗磨技术的分析。
3.构建了气门磨损失效分析专家系统知识库。采用“规则+框架”的广义故障树表示法表示了本专家系统知识库中的知识,并提出了知识库的相关结构和维护工作,在此基础上以Access 2000数据库为平台,构建了本系统的知识库。
As one of the key components in engine, the performance quality of valve will have a direct impact on the engine efficiency and life. In recent years, the failure of valve has already become the malignant malfunctions of the vehicle engine's industries; the wear failure among them is the most common. Therefore, studying wear failure of valve has very important significance.
On the biased of raising the study background ,significance of the subject, general situation in domestic and foreign about valve failure research and the knowledge of expert system, this paper focuses on the study of the following three aspects.
1. Firstly, to analysis the effect of valve wear failure from the service condition of engine valve, including Load, operating temperature, fuel gas corrosion and lubrication condition. And then, in a specific test condition, separately from the load, temperature and burning atmosphere three aspects to do the experiment about the friction and wear characteristics of the valve-vice portal. from this experiment, Four kind of forms about valve wear failure are given, including the contact fatigue attrition, the high temperature corrosion wears, the abrasive attrition and high temperature slow change. Final, using the attrition computation method of coordinating "joint body" carries on the theoretical calculation to the valve-vice portal wearing capacity.
2. The anti-friction technology and the reason of valve wear failure have been discussed. The article Respectively analysis failure reason from four aspects, including design factors, material quality factors, manufacture and craft factors and assembly service factors. The research of anti-friction technology also has been discussed from six aspects.
3. This article constructs expert system knowledge base of analysis of valve wear failure. The general concept of knowledge, common knowledge representation methods and knowledge acquisition method are Introduced in this paper, the method of "rules and frame" and generalized fault tree are adopt to express knowledge of knowledge base. The knowledge base structure and its maintenance works are also given, taking the Access 2000 databases as platform to build knowledge base.
本文在提出课题的研究背景、意义、国内外气门失效研究以及专家系统相关知识的基础上,进行了以下三个方面的研究。
1.从发动机气门的服役工况,即载荷、工作温度、燃气腐蚀和润滑状况等四个方面分析了对气门磨损失效的影响,得出了气门磨损失效的四种形式:接触疲劳磨损、高温腐蚀磨损、磨粒磨损和高温蠕变;以两个配合“联接”体的磨损计算法从理论上对发动机气门-门座副磨损量进行了计算。
2.探讨了气门磨损失效的原因及影响因素和气门抗磨技术。主要从设计因素,材质因素,制造与工艺因素和装配服役因素四个方面详细分析了气门的失效原因;从六个方面进行了抗磨技术的分析。
3.构建了气门磨损失效分析专家系统知识库。采用“规则+框架”的广义故障树表示法表示了本专家系统知识库中的知识,并提出了知识库的相关结构和维护工作,在此基础上以Access 2000数据库为平台,构建了本系统的知识库。
As one of the key components in engine, the performance quality of valve will have a direct impact on the engine efficiency and life. In recent years, the failure of valve has already become the malignant malfunctions of the vehicle engine's industries; the wear failure among them is the most common. Therefore, studying wear failure of valve has very important significance.
On the biased of raising the study background ,significance of the subject, general situation in domestic and foreign about valve failure research and the knowledge of expert system, this paper focuses on the study of the following three aspects.
1. Firstly, to analysis the effect of valve wear failure from the service condition of engine valve, including Load, operating temperature, fuel gas corrosion and lubrication condition. And then, in a specific test condition, separately from the load, temperature and burning atmosphere three aspects to do the experiment about the friction and wear characteristics of the valve-vice portal. from this experiment, Four kind of forms about valve wear failure are given, including the contact fatigue attrition, the high temperature corrosion wears, the abrasive attrition and high temperature slow change. Final, using the attrition computation method of coordinating "joint body" carries on the theoretical calculation to the valve-vice portal wearing capacity.
2. The anti-friction technology and the reason of valve wear failure have been discussed. The article Respectively analysis failure reason from four aspects, including design factors, material quality factors, manufacture and craft factors and assembly service factors. The research of anti-friction technology also has been discussed from six aspects.
3. This article constructs expert system knowledge base of analysis of valve wear failure. The general concept of knowledge, common knowledge representation methods and knowledge acquisition method are Introduced in this paper, the method of "rules and frame" and generalized fault tree are adopt to express knowledge of knowledge base. The knowledge base structure and its maintenance works are also given, taking the Access 2000 databases as platform to build knowledge base.
引文
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[2]蔡自兴,徐光佑.人工智能及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[3]梁升,陈文.气门常见失效模式故障分析.MC现代零部件,2005,第11期:86-88
[4]翟丽颖.气门失效模式分析.天津汽车,2006,第5期:30-33
[5]王文修.气门失效外部原因的探讨.内燃机配件,2000,第6期:22-25
[6]程绍桐,王致钊,程淑颖.柴油机气门失效分析及改进(一).内燃机,2004,第2期:8-10
[7]雷英杰,刑清华,王涛.人工智能(AI)程序设计(面向对象语言).第一版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[8]蔡自兴,约翰·德尔金[美],龚涛.高级专家系统:原理、设计及应用.第一版.北京:科学出版社,2005
[9]尹朝庆,尹皓.人工智能与专家系统.第一版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[10]朱福喜,朱三元,伍春香.人工智能基础教程.第一版.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[11]李林林.高炉专家系统中知识库的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].沈阳:东北大学,2004
[12]王卫群.汽车变速器故障诊断专家系统研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:机械科学研究院,2006
[13]长沙铁道学院.内燃机构造与原理.第一版.北京:中国铁道出版社,1981
[14]华北水利水电学院,天津工程机械研究所.工程机械用内燃机.第一版.北京:电力工业出版社,1981
[15]Zhao R,Barber G C,et al.Wear Mechanism Analysis of Engine Exhaust Valve Seats with a Laboratory Simulator.Tribology Transactions,1997,40(2):209-218
[16]李建锋.配气机构动力学模型的应用研究:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2004
[17]江征风,周超,丁毓峰.基于ANSYS的气门动力学分析.润滑与密封,2006,(4):106-108
[18]L.C.Lynnworth and J.J.Benes.Design Guide Measuring Temperature.Machine Design,1992,(4):388-407
[19]N.伯克斯,等.高温金属氧化导论.赵公台,等译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1987
[20]朱远志,尹志民,曾渝,等.重型发动机气门座圈磨损机理与材料.内燃机工程,2004,25(4):78-82
[21]Takeo Ootani,Noboru Yahata,et al.Impact Wear Characteristics of Engine Valve and Valve Seat Insert Materials at High Temperature.JSME International Journal,1996,39(1):115-122
[22]刘佐民,张一兵,王斌球,等.发动机气门—气门座强化磨损模拟试验机及其试验方法研究.内燃机工程,1998,19(2):49-56
[23]葛长路.矿山机械磨损与抗磨技术.第一版.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1995
[24]届晓斌,陈建敏,周惠娣,等.材料的磨损失效及其预防研究现状与发展趋势.摩擦学学报,1999,19(2):187-192.
[25]Nagi H,Endo H,Nakamccra H,et al.Soot and valve train wear in passenger CRF diesel engines.SAE Tech Paper Series No.831137,1983,55-77
[26]Zhao R,Barber G C.Wear Mechanism Analysis of Engine Exhaust Valve Seats with a Laboratory Simulator.Tribology Transactions,1997,40(2):209-218
[27]Zhao Yuncai,Yan Hangzhi.Experimental study on wear failure course of gas-valve/valve-seat in engine.J.Cent.South Univ.Technol,2005,12(1):243-247
[28]赵运才,高彩云,刘竞生.发动机气阀高温蠕变/疲劳失效试验研究.湘潭工学院学报,1999,14(2):66-69
[29]杨业元,方鸿生,郑燕康,等.碳钢的高压力冲击磨损行为研究.摩擦学学报,1996,16(2):120- 124
[30]Baldwin B A.Effect of temperature on simulated valve fail wear.ASLE Trans,1983,10:123-129
[31]邵荷生,曲敬信,许小棣,陈华辉.摩擦与磨损.第一版.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992
[32]王率放,李辉,刘俊峰,等.发动机气门座磨损及修理.露天采煤技术,2000,1:25-26
[33]于秀文,孙平,李毅.五十铃汽车4J型发动机气门国产化改善性设计的探讨.吉林林学院学报,1997.13(1):49-52
[34]张敬源.柴油机气门结构设计.山东内燃机,2002,1:23-25
[35]王英杰,金升.金属材料及热处理.第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[36]叶明.汽车零部件失效分析专家系统及断口图像处理与识别研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
[37]Chen W X.Tribological Application of Carbon Nanotubes in a MetalBased Composite Coating and Composites.Carbon,2003,41:215-222
[38]Sriram S,Bharat B.Micro/Nanotribology of Ultra-Thin Hard Amorphous Carbon Coating Using Atomic Force/Friction Force Microscopy.Wear,1999,225-229,678-689
[39]李绍裘.提高气门和气门座的使用寿命.内燃机配件,1998,5:34-36
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