位错理论模型在西安市地面形变研究中的应用
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摘要
地裂缝和地面沉降是西安市产生地面形变的主要表现形式,也是主要的地质灾害之一。地面沉降及差异性沉降造成地面倾斜与变形,引起建筑物的沉降和倾斜;地裂缝的不断活动,使得地裂缝周围的地质体发生位移,产生局部形变场和应力场,它们使建筑物的地基和基础产生均匀或不均匀沉降、拉裂和错开,从而引起上部建筑物裂开、错开和坍塌,造成地下洞室、路基、管道变形或剪断。对西安市地面形变研究有助于为今后城市规划建设与防灾减灾提供更加科学的决策依据。
本文以西安市地裂缝为背景,分析了西安市的地质构造背景,总结了西安市的地面形变特征和引起西安市地面形变的各种原因;介绍了位错的理论的发展历史和现今比较流行的Okada位错理论模型的基本理论和应用原理;再综合西安市的地质地理环境,提出应用Okada位错理论对分布在西安市的11条主要地裂缝引起的形变场进行研究,通过运用C语言进行程序设计,对地裂缝产生的三维形变场进行模拟,将计算结果结合该区域的地理位置和主要城市地点运用Surfer得到该区域的水平形变模拟场与地面沉降模拟图,取得了较好的结果;最后从动力学观点分析西安市地面沉降特征,研究分析得到的主要结果为:
1.西安地区以城墙为界,沉降特征总体呈现为:南郊大,北郊小;东郊大,西郊小;城外大,城内小。
2.西安市水平形变受区域构造断裂影响呈现以拉张为主,且在地裂缝两侧成反对称分布,离裂缝距离愈远,影响愈小。
3.西安市地裂缝活动与地面沉降关系紧密,沉降越大,相应的地裂缝活动越强。
上述观点与现实的特征情况表现出较好的一致性,证明了位错理论模型在西安市地面形变模拟应用中的可行性。
Earth fissure and land subsidence as the main behavior of ground deformation in urban area of Xi'an city are the primary geological disaster. Land subsidence and differential settlement make ground inclination and distortion, trigger building fallout and inclination. The continuous activity with ground fissure induce that ambient geologic body bring to displacement, generating local deformation field and strain field ,which lead to building subgrade and foundation yielding homogeneous or non-homogeneous settlement, tension fracture and stagger, moreover spreading to building and result in subsurface cavern, subgrade and pipeline deforming or shearing .So the research on ground distortion in Xi'an city is very important and significant to hazard resistant, reduce hazard and decision making in city projection.
Based on earth fissures in Xi'an city, analyze Xi'an's geological structure; generalize ground distortion character and multi-reasons which cause ground distortion; introduce dislocation theory including its development, especially the most popular adopted model—Okada elastic half-space theory model ;combine with Xi'an's geographical conditions and geological structure by using Okada dislocation model study ground distortion in Xi'an city where 11 ground fissures are distributed ;design the three -dimensional numerical simulation program with C language ; for the calculated results , draw the vertical velocity variation contour diagram and horizontal displacement variation vector diagram in the presence of Surfer mapping software ;then compared the simulating diagram with the existed land subsidence diagram obtain a good result; finally explain the ground distortion character from the viewpoint of dynamics; get some effective outcomes:
1. Taking Xi'an ancient city-wall as the demarcation line, the general characters are represented as followed: settlement magnitude in southern suburbs is more than in northern suburbs ; eastern suburbs more than western suburbs; outside the city-wall more than inside.
2. The horizontal distortion which is effected by regional structure rifts mainly represents tensile feature. Bilateral feature around fissure represents anti-symmetric distributionwhose magnitude is less and less as the distance to fissure is farer and farer.
3. The relation between ground fissure and land subsidence is close. Settlement magnitudeis bigger when the ground fissure's activities are more frequent. The settlement funnelcenter is usually in company with occurrence about ground fissure.
Mentioned above is consistence with practical character. Proved that dislocation theory model is feasible in Xi'an city ground distortion simulation.
本文以西安市地裂缝为背景,分析了西安市的地质构造背景,总结了西安市的地面形变特征和引起西安市地面形变的各种原因;介绍了位错的理论的发展历史和现今比较流行的Okada位错理论模型的基本理论和应用原理;再综合西安市的地质地理环境,提出应用Okada位错理论对分布在西安市的11条主要地裂缝引起的形变场进行研究,通过运用C语言进行程序设计,对地裂缝产生的三维形变场进行模拟,将计算结果结合该区域的地理位置和主要城市地点运用Surfer得到该区域的水平形变模拟场与地面沉降模拟图,取得了较好的结果;最后从动力学观点分析西安市地面沉降特征,研究分析得到的主要结果为:
1.西安地区以城墙为界,沉降特征总体呈现为:南郊大,北郊小;东郊大,西郊小;城外大,城内小。
2.西安市水平形变受区域构造断裂影响呈现以拉张为主,且在地裂缝两侧成反对称分布,离裂缝距离愈远,影响愈小。
3.西安市地裂缝活动与地面沉降关系紧密,沉降越大,相应的地裂缝活动越强。
上述观点与现实的特征情况表现出较好的一致性,证明了位错理论模型在西安市地面形变模拟应用中的可行性。
Earth fissure and land subsidence as the main behavior of ground deformation in urban area of Xi'an city are the primary geological disaster. Land subsidence and differential settlement make ground inclination and distortion, trigger building fallout and inclination. The continuous activity with ground fissure induce that ambient geologic body bring to displacement, generating local deformation field and strain field ,which lead to building subgrade and foundation yielding homogeneous or non-homogeneous settlement, tension fracture and stagger, moreover spreading to building and result in subsurface cavern, subgrade and pipeline deforming or shearing .So the research on ground distortion in Xi'an city is very important and significant to hazard resistant, reduce hazard and decision making in city projection.
Based on earth fissures in Xi'an city, analyze Xi'an's geological structure; generalize ground distortion character and multi-reasons which cause ground distortion; introduce dislocation theory including its development, especially the most popular adopted model—Okada elastic half-space theory model ;combine with Xi'an's geographical conditions and geological structure by using Okada dislocation model study ground distortion in Xi'an city where 11 ground fissures are distributed ;design the three -dimensional numerical simulation program with C language ; for the calculated results , draw the vertical velocity variation contour diagram and horizontal displacement variation vector diagram in the presence of Surfer mapping software ;then compared the simulating diagram with the existed land subsidence diagram obtain a good result; finally explain the ground distortion character from the viewpoint of dynamics; get some effective outcomes:
1. Taking Xi'an ancient city-wall as the demarcation line, the general characters are represented as followed: settlement magnitude in southern suburbs is more than in northern suburbs ; eastern suburbs more than western suburbs; outside the city-wall more than inside.
2. The horizontal distortion which is effected by regional structure rifts mainly represents tensile feature. Bilateral feature around fissure represents anti-symmetric distributionwhose magnitude is less and less as the distance to fissure is farer and farer.
3. The relation between ground fissure and land subsidence is close. Settlement magnitudeis bigger when the ground fissure's activities are more frequent. The settlement funnelcenter is usually in company with occurrence about ground fissure.
Mentioned above is consistence with practical character. Proved that dislocation theory model is feasible in Xi'an city ground distortion simulation.
引文
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