PHEV再生制动试验台研究
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摘要
混合动力汽车是传统内燃机汽车到电动汽车的过渡产品,它不仅具有传统内燃机汽车优良的动力性和较长的续驶里程,还具有纯电动汽车高效率、低排放的性能,因此混合动力汽车得到了各个汽车生产厂家和科研单位的青睐。然而随着混合动力汽车研究的深入,一些关键技术仍严重制约着它的发展,比如参数匹配、控制策略的优化、动态过程的切换和能量存储装置及其管理系统的开发等等,这些技术研究能否取得突破已成为影响混合动力汽车推向市场的关键因素。
试验是解决上述问题的最佳途径,试验不仅可以解决仿真初期所不能模拟的复杂的数学模型和实际环境,而且试验还能验证设计思想和理论方法,能进一步分析出存在的影响因素和问题。与整车试验相比,台架试验有试验危险系数小、零部件容易布置等特点,根据具体的试验对象和试验内容可以取代整车试验。由于混合动力汽车结构比传统汽车更加复杂而且难以控制,因此混合动力汽车的开发应建立在试验台架的基础上进行分析研究。
首先,本文研究混合动力汽车试验台的相关技术,在选取并联混合动力汽车结构形式的基础上,建立基于再生制动功能的试验台总体设计方案,并对试验台各部件进行选型及参数设计。其次,基于模块化设计思想,借助于Matlab/Simulink和ADVISOR软件建立混合动力试验台再生制动系统的各部件仿真模型。依据传统汽车的制动性能评价指标,并结合混合动力汽车的特点,提出混合动力汽车再生制动系统制动性能的评价指标,然后选择典型的制动工况和和城市驱动循环工况对再生制动试验台进行离线仿真,从而验证试验台架的可行性。最后,应用LabVIEW软件搭建再生制动试验台的用户操作界面,实现试验台可视化人机互动操作,并为日后的试验台硬件在环仿真及整车试验的数据处理提供一个良好的可视化试验操作界面。
本文所研究的内容对今后混合动力汽车试验台的搭建、整车试验以及混合动力汽车的开发奠定了基础。
Hybrid electric vehicle as the transition product of traditional vehicle to electric vehicle, which combines the excellent power and distance performance of conventional vehicle with low mission and high efficiency of Electric vehicle, so hybrid electric vehicle is favored by many vehicle manufactures and research institutions in recent years. However,with the profound research of HEV,some key technologies obstruct its progress,such as parameters matching,optimization of control strategy,dynamic state switching and energy storage device and its management system. It has become the key factor about HEV’s general adoption of market that research of these technologies can make breakthrough or not.
Test is the most effective method of resolving above problem,which not only can resolve the complex but can not simulated mathematic model and actual environment during simulation,but also can validate the design ideology and theoretical method,and analyze further the existed factors and problems. Comparing with vehicle test and bed test,dangerous coefficient of the benefit of bed test is small and components is easy to lay ou,so bed test may replace the vehicle test on the base of objiects and contents tested.Comparing with HEV and traditional vehicle,HEV is hardly controlled,so the development of HEV is based on the analysis and study of HEV test bed.
At first,the correlation technique of test bed is studied,choosing the parallel HEV structural style,and the test platform overall project design is established based on the electric regenerative braking function.The type models of test bed various parts are chosen and the parameters are designed.Then based on the model design concept, the electric regenerative braking system's various part models of test bed are established using Matlab/Simulink and the ADVISOR software. What is more,based on the traditional automobile's braking quality evaluating indicator and the characteristic of HEV, the evaluating indicator of HEV regenerative braking system quality is proposed,and choosing model brake operating mode and city drive cycle mode, the off-line simulation on the regenerative braking test bed is carried on.In that way,we can know the test bed is good or not.At last, the user operation window of HEV regenerative braking test bed is built using the LabVIEW software, and the convenient human-machine interaction operation on test bed is realized.It provides a good visualization operation contact window for later hardware in the loop simulation of test bed and the data processing of vehicle test.
The research result is useful for building HEV regenerative braking test bed ,vehicle test and designing hybrid electric vehicle.
试验是解决上述问题的最佳途径,试验不仅可以解决仿真初期所不能模拟的复杂的数学模型和实际环境,而且试验还能验证设计思想和理论方法,能进一步分析出存在的影响因素和问题。与整车试验相比,台架试验有试验危险系数小、零部件容易布置等特点,根据具体的试验对象和试验内容可以取代整车试验。由于混合动力汽车结构比传统汽车更加复杂而且难以控制,因此混合动力汽车的开发应建立在试验台架的基础上进行分析研究。
首先,本文研究混合动力汽车试验台的相关技术,在选取并联混合动力汽车结构形式的基础上,建立基于再生制动功能的试验台总体设计方案,并对试验台各部件进行选型及参数设计。其次,基于模块化设计思想,借助于Matlab/Simulink和ADVISOR软件建立混合动力试验台再生制动系统的各部件仿真模型。依据传统汽车的制动性能评价指标,并结合混合动力汽车的特点,提出混合动力汽车再生制动系统制动性能的评价指标,然后选择典型的制动工况和和城市驱动循环工况对再生制动试验台进行离线仿真,从而验证试验台架的可行性。最后,应用LabVIEW软件搭建再生制动试验台的用户操作界面,实现试验台可视化人机互动操作,并为日后的试验台硬件在环仿真及整车试验的数据处理提供一个良好的可视化试验操作界面。
本文所研究的内容对今后混合动力汽车试验台的搭建、整车试验以及混合动力汽车的开发奠定了基础。
Hybrid electric vehicle as the transition product of traditional vehicle to electric vehicle, which combines the excellent power and distance performance of conventional vehicle with low mission and high efficiency of Electric vehicle, so hybrid electric vehicle is favored by many vehicle manufactures and research institutions in recent years. However,with the profound research of HEV,some key technologies obstruct its progress,such as parameters matching,optimization of control strategy,dynamic state switching and energy storage device and its management system. It has become the key factor about HEV’s general adoption of market that research of these technologies can make breakthrough or not.
Test is the most effective method of resolving above problem,which not only can resolve the complex but can not simulated mathematic model and actual environment during simulation,but also can validate the design ideology and theoretical method,and analyze further the existed factors and problems. Comparing with vehicle test and bed test,dangerous coefficient of the benefit of bed test is small and components is easy to lay ou,so bed test may replace the vehicle test on the base of objiects and contents tested.Comparing with HEV and traditional vehicle,HEV is hardly controlled,so the development of HEV is based on the analysis and study of HEV test bed.
At first,the correlation technique of test bed is studied,choosing the parallel HEV structural style,and the test platform overall project design is established based on the electric regenerative braking function.The type models of test bed various parts are chosen and the parameters are designed.Then based on the model design concept, the electric regenerative braking system's various part models of test bed are established using Matlab/Simulink and the ADVISOR software. What is more,based on the traditional automobile's braking quality evaluating indicator and the characteristic of HEV, the evaluating indicator of HEV regenerative braking system quality is proposed,and choosing model brake operating mode and city drive cycle mode, the off-line simulation on the regenerative braking test bed is carried on.In that way,we can know the test bed is good or not.At last, the user operation window of HEV regenerative braking test bed is built using the LabVIEW software, and the convenient human-machine interaction operation on test bed is realized.It provides a good visualization operation contact window for later hardware in the loop simulation of test bed and the data processing of vehicle test.
The research result is useful for building HEV regenerative braking test bed ,vehicle test and designing hybrid electric vehicle.
引文
1麻友良,陈世全.混合动力电动车的发展.公路交通科技.2001(1):77~80
2 Satoshi Aoyagi,Yusuke Hasegawa,Takahiro Yonekura,Hiroyuki Abe. Energy Efficiency Improvement of Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle. SAE Review,2001,Vol.22:259~264
3王军.三种类型混合动力电动汽车的比较分析.汽车与社会.1999(12):29~31
4 Tatsuo Teratani,Kohjiro Kuramochi. Development of Toyota Mild-hybrid System(THS-M). Toyota Technical Review. 2002,Vol.52 No.1 Sep.2002:46~51
5谢起成,王冬,田光宇.混合动力电动汽车(HEV)动力系统试验台的模块化设计研究.交通运输工程学报.2001(6):33~37
6李战龙.混合动力汽车试验台架的研究与开发.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2004:15~21
7杜常清.汽车动力装置动态实验台建设与应用研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2006:22~25
8童毅.并联式混合动力系统动态协调控制问题的研究.清华大学硕士学位论文.2004:17~20
9 Niels J.Schouten,Mutasim A.Salman,Naim A.Kheir. Energy Management Strategies for Parallel Hybrid Vehicles Using Fuzzy Logic. Control Engineering Practice,2003(11):171~177
10 Nissan Motor Co,Ltd. Development of High-performance Hybrid Electric Vehicle“Tino hybrid”. The 16th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exposition. Beijing,China,1999:87~90
11杨祖元,秦大同,孙冬野.电动汽车动力传动系统参数设计及动力性仿真.重庆大学学报(自然科学版).2007(6):45~48
12 S.R.Cikanek and K.E.Bailey. Regenerative Braking System For Hybrid Electric Vehicle Proceedings of American Control Conference. Ak May,2002:28~33
13 Y.Sasaki,A.Otomo and F.Kawahata,etc. Toyota Braking System for Hybrid Vehicle with Regenerating System. EVS-14,Proceeding CD,1997:121~123
14 Lijun Gao,Roger A.Dougal,Shengyi Liu. Power Enhancement of an Actively Controlled Battery Ultracapacitor Hybrid. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,VOL.20,NO.1,JANUARY 2005:23~25
15王军,申金升.国内外混合动力电动汽车开发动态及发展趋势.公路交通科技.2002(1):11~14
16 Deepa Ramaswamy,Ryan McGee,Shiva Sivashankar,Amit Deshpande,Jace Allen and KevinRzemien,Walt Stuart. A Case Study in Hardware-In-the-Loop Testing:Development of An ECU for A Hybrid Electric Vehicle. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES.2004-01-0303:56~59
17 K.T.Chau,Y.S.Wong. Overview of Power Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Energy Conversion and Management,2002,Vol.43:1953~1968
18 Koichi Fukuo,Akira Fujimura,Masaaki Saito,Kazuhiko Tsunoda,Shiro Takiguchi. Development of the Ultra-Low-Fuel-Consumption Hybrid Car-INSIGHT. SAE Review,2001,Vol.22:95~103
19 Wu-Qiang Long,Kenji Morita,Nobuo Iwai. Analysis of HEV Components Efficiency on Fuel Economy View Document. SAE2000-01-1542, 2000:62~65
20“十五”国家高技术研究发展计划,电动汽车重大专项进展.汽车工程.电动汽车重大专项总体组,电动汽车重大专项办公室.2003,(6):1~4
21韦作高.基于dSPACE的混合动力汽车试验台系统的研究与开发.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2007:25~30
22陈汉明,梁志锋.混合动力汽车的研究与发展.机电工程技术.2001(5):35~38
23段岩波,张武高,黄震.混合动力电动汽车技术分析.柴油机.2002,6:9~11
24 C.Arthur MacCarley. A Review of Battery Exchange Technology for Refueling of Electric Vehicles. SAE2000-01-1586,2000:31~35
25 S. Cholula, A. Claudio, J. Ruiz. Intelligent Control of The Regenerative Braking in An Induction Motor Drive. Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2005 2nd International Conference on 7-9 Sept. 2005 Page(s):302~308
26钟勇.基于CVT的类菱形混合动力电动汽车系统研究与仿真.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2005:16~20
27 Michael Panagiotidis,George Delagrammatikas,etc. Development and Use of A Regenerative Braking Model for A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle. SAE 2000-01-0995:41~44
28汪新云.串联式混合动力电动客车动力系统建模与仿真.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2003:18~22
29 C.Peter Cho,William Wylam,Ralph Johnston. The Integrated Starter Alternator Damper:The First Step toward Hybrid Electric Vehicles.SAE2000-01-1571,2000:54~59
30 Arun K.Jaura,Wolfram Buschhaus,Michael A.Tamor. Systems Approach in Achieving Higher Fuel Economy in Hybrid Electric Vehicles. SAE2000-01-1585,2000:62~67
31 Bradley Glenn,Gregory Washington,Giorgio Rizzoni. Operation and Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Automobiles. SAE2000-01-1537.2000:45~48
32詹迅.轻度混合动力汽车再生制动系统建模与仿真.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2005:7~10
33冯能莲,李克强等.混合动力汽车性能仿真研究.系统仿真学报.2004,(2):35~40
34 A.M.Walker,M.U.Lamperth and S.Wilkins. On Friction Braking Demand with Regenerative Braking. SAE2002-01-2581:88~93
35 Donghyeon Kim,Kyoungcheol Oh,Hoon Yeo,Hyunsoo Kim. Operation and Brake Force Distribution Algorithm for A 4WD Hybrid Electric Vehicle. EVS-19,proceeding CD,2002:56~61
36过学讯,张靖.混合动力电动汽车再生制动系统的建模与仿真.武汉理工大学学报.2005(1):23~26
37 Hoon Yeo,Talchol Kim,Chulsoo Kim,and Hyunsoo Kim. Development of Regenerative Braking Hydraulic Module and HIL Simulator for Hybrid Electric Vehicle. EVS-19,proceeding CD,2002:72~76
38耿聪,张欣等.EQ6110混合动力电动汽车再生制动控制策略研究.汽车工程.2004,26(3):35~40
39 Eiji Nakamura,Masayuki Soga,Akira Sakai etc. Development of Electronically Controlled Braking Sytem for Hybrid Vehicle. SAE2002-01-0300:41~44
40舒红,秦大同,胡建军.混合动力汽车控制策略研究现状及发展趋势.重庆大学学报.2001,Vol.24(6):28~31
41 Dietrich Naunin. Modular CAN-BUS-SYSTEM for Small Vehicle. Proceedings of the 18th Electric Vehicle Symposium[CD-ROM].Berlin AVERE,2001:21~24
42 Joseph C.Burba. Consideration of Control System Architecture in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Proceedings of the 18th Electric Vehicle Symposium[CD-ROM],Berlin AVERE,2001:31~34
43 National Instruments Corp LabVIEW User Manual.1998:27~444
44陈万里,王丽霞.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器的研究.仪器仪表用户.2007,6(14):14~15
45 Horng,Jui-Hong. Hybrid MATLAB and LabVIEW with Neural Network to Implement A SCADA System of AC Servo Motor. Advances in Engineering Software.2008,39(3):149~155
46冷向京.基于虚拟仪器技术的虚拟实验室设计与应用.科技信息.2008,l(4):228~230
47戴鹏飞,王胜开,王格芳,马欣等.测试工程与LabVIEW应用.电子工业出版社,2006:186~200
2 Satoshi Aoyagi,Yusuke Hasegawa,Takahiro Yonekura,Hiroyuki Abe. Energy Efficiency Improvement of Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle. SAE Review,2001,Vol.22:259~264
3王军.三种类型混合动力电动汽车的比较分析.汽车与社会.1999(12):29~31
4 Tatsuo Teratani,Kohjiro Kuramochi. Development of Toyota Mild-hybrid System(THS-M). Toyota Technical Review. 2002,Vol.52 No.1 Sep.2002:46~51
5谢起成,王冬,田光宇.混合动力电动汽车(HEV)动力系统试验台的模块化设计研究.交通运输工程学报.2001(6):33~37
6李战龙.混合动力汽车试验台架的研究与开发.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2004:15~21
7杜常清.汽车动力装置动态实验台建设与应用研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2006:22~25
8童毅.并联式混合动力系统动态协调控制问题的研究.清华大学硕士学位论文.2004:17~20
9 Niels J.Schouten,Mutasim A.Salman,Naim A.Kheir. Energy Management Strategies for Parallel Hybrid Vehicles Using Fuzzy Logic. Control Engineering Practice,2003(11):171~177
10 Nissan Motor Co,Ltd. Development of High-performance Hybrid Electric Vehicle“Tino hybrid”. The 16th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exposition. Beijing,China,1999:87~90
11杨祖元,秦大同,孙冬野.电动汽车动力传动系统参数设计及动力性仿真.重庆大学学报(自然科学版).2007(6):45~48
12 S.R.Cikanek and K.E.Bailey. Regenerative Braking System For Hybrid Electric Vehicle Proceedings of American Control Conference. Ak May,2002:28~33
13 Y.Sasaki,A.Otomo and F.Kawahata,etc. Toyota Braking System for Hybrid Vehicle with Regenerating System. EVS-14,Proceeding CD,1997:121~123
14 Lijun Gao,Roger A.Dougal,Shengyi Liu. Power Enhancement of an Actively Controlled Battery Ultracapacitor Hybrid. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,VOL.20,NO.1,JANUARY 2005:23~25
15王军,申金升.国内外混合动力电动汽车开发动态及发展趋势.公路交通科技.2002(1):11~14
16 Deepa Ramaswamy,Ryan McGee,Shiva Sivashankar,Amit Deshpande,Jace Allen and KevinRzemien,Walt Stuart. A Case Study in Hardware-In-the-Loop Testing:Development of An ECU for A Hybrid Electric Vehicle. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES.2004-01-0303:56~59
17 K.T.Chau,Y.S.Wong. Overview of Power Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Energy Conversion and Management,2002,Vol.43:1953~1968
18 Koichi Fukuo,Akira Fujimura,Masaaki Saito,Kazuhiko Tsunoda,Shiro Takiguchi. Development of the Ultra-Low-Fuel-Consumption Hybrid Car-INSIGHT. SAE Review,2001,Vol.22:95~103
19 Wu-Qiang Long,Kenji Morita,Nobuo Iwai. Analysis of HEV Components Efficiency on Fuel Economy View Document. SAE2000-01-1542, 2000:62~65
20“十五”国家高技术研究发展计划,电动汽车重大专项进展.汽车工程.电动汽车重大专项总体组,电动汽车重大专项办公室.2003,(6):1~4
21韦作高.基于dSPACE的混合动力汽车试验台系统的研究与开发.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2007:25~30
22陈汉明,梁志锋.混合动力汽车的研究与发展.机电工程技术.2001(5):35~38
23段岩波,张武高,黄震.混合动力电动汽车技术分析.柴油机.2002,6:9~11
24 C.Arthur MacCarley. A Review of Battery Exchange Technology for Refueling of Electric Vehicles. SAE2000-01-1586,2000:31~35
25 S. Cholula, A. Claudio, J. Ruiz. Intelligent Control of The Regenerative Braking in An Induction Motor Drive. Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2005 2nd International Conference on 7-9 Sept. 2005 Page(s):302~308
26钟勇.基于CVT的类菱形混合动力电动汽车系统研究与仿真.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2005:16~20
27 Michael Panagiotidis,George Delagrammatikas,etc. Development and Use of A Regenerative Braking Model for A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle. SAE 2000-01-0995:41~44
28汪新云.串联式混合动力电动客车动力系统建模与仿真.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2003:18~22
29 C.Peter Cho,William Wylam,Ralph Johnston. The Integrated Starter Alternator Damper:The First Step toward Hybrid Electric Vehicles.SAE2000-01-1571,2000:54~59
30 Arun K.Jaura,Wolfram Buschhaus,Michael A.Tamor. Systems Approach in Achieving Higher Fuel Economy in Hybrid Electric Vehicles. SAE2000-01-1585,2000:62~67
31 Bradley Glenn,Gregory Washington,Giorgio Rizzoni. Operation and Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Automobiles. SAE2000-01-1537.2000:45~48
32詹迅.轻度混合动力汽车再生制动系统建模与仿真.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2005:7~10
33冯能莲,李克强等.混合动力汽车性能仿真研究.系统仿真学报.2004,(2):35~40
34 A.M.Walker,M.U.Lamperth and S.Wilkins. On Friction Braking Demand with Regenerative Braking. SAE2002-01-2581:88~93
35 Donghyeon Kim,Kyoungcheol Oh,Hoon Yeo,Hyunsoo Kim. Operation and Brake Force Distribution Algorithm for A 4WD Hybrid Electric Vehicle. EVS-19,proceeding CD,2002:56~61
36过学讯,张靖.混合动力电动汽车再生制动系统的建模与仿真.武汉理工大学学报.2005(1):23~26
37 Hoon Yeo,Talchol Kim,Chulsoo Kim,and Hyunsoo Kim. Development of Regenerative Braking Hydraulic Module and HIL Simulator for Hybrid Electric Vehicle. EVS-19,proceeding CD,2002:72~76
38耿聪,张欣等.EQ6110混合动力电动汽车再生制动控制策略研究.汽车工程.2004,26(3):35~40
39 Eiji Nakamura,Masayuki Soga,Akira Sakai etc. Development of Electronically Controlled Braking Sytem for Hybrid Vehicle. SAE2002-01-0300:41~44
40舒红,秦大同,胡建军.混合动力汽车控制策略研究现状及发展趋势.重庆大学学报.2001,Vol.24(6):28~31
41 Dietrich Naunin. Modular CAN-BUS-SYSTEM for Small Vehicle. Proceedings of the 18th Electric Vehicle Symposium[CD-ROM].Berlin AVERE,2001:21~24
42 Joseph C.Burba. Consideration of Control System Architecture in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Proceedings of the 18th Electric Vehicle Symposium[CD-ROM],Berlin AVERE,2001:31~34
43 National Instruments Corp LabVIEW User Manual.1998:27~444
44陈万里,王丽霞.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器的研究.仪器仪表用户.2007,6(14):14~15
45 Horng,Jui-Hong. Hybrid MATLAB and LabVIEW with Neural Network to Implement A SCADA System of AC Servo Motor. Advances in Engineering Software.2008,39(3):149~155
46冷向京.基于虚拟仪器技术的虚拟实验室设计与应用.科技信息.2008,l(4):228~230
47戴鹏飞,王胜开,王格芳,马欣等.测试工程与LabVIEW应用.电子工业出版社,2006:186~200