基于RS和GIS的城市绿地生态网络构建技术研究
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摘要
随着城市化进程的加快,人类对自然资源的开发和改造力度不断地加强,城市景观格局发生了深刻变化,景观破碎化成为生物多样性降低与物种灭绝的最重要影响因素之一。城市绿地网络是城市中唯一有生命的基础设施,为城市生物多样性保护提供了重要的空间保障,改善与提高城市绿地生态网络的连接度,对保护城市生物多样性具有重要意义。
城市绿地生态网络可以减弱城市绿地斑块的破碎化,改善与提高生态功能网络的连接,提升城市生态系统的功能及价值,从而限制城市格局不合理蔓延,有助于保护城市绿地斑块和指导城市规划。
本文在总结了众多国内外城市绿地生态网络研究与实践的基础上,结合我国城市绿地空间分布状况,在RS和GIS的支持下,对城市绿地生态网络构建的关键技术进行探讨。本研究主要利用dLCP、dIIC和dPC指数来筛选绿色节点,通过最小耗费距离方法来模拟研究区内潜在的绿色廊道,基于图论和景观生态学原理构建绿地生态网络体系,并对绿地斑块间相互作用的强度与生态网络空间结构进行定量分析与评价,结果表明:
(1)多期遥感数据可以较准确的获取城市绿地的空间分布。本研究利用两期TM影像,通过融合增强等处理后,进行OIF优选波段组合,最后通过QUEST决策树算法获取扬州城市绿地信息。Kappa系数为0.88,城市绿地用户精度达到97.01%,满足研究需求。
(2)采用CONEFOR SENSINODE 2.2软件对研究区内绿地斑块连通性的重要值进行分析,相比传统方法更加合理。研究表明,dLCP、dIIC和dPC能够较为准确的反映城市绿地斑块的连通水平,是选择绿色节点斑块的重要依据,为构建廊道提供影响绿地生态网络结构布局的关键节点。
(3)利用AHP法构造成本面可以有效解决研究中阻力值确定的问题。本研究引入AHP法确定阻力权重,同时根据研究区的实际调查情况,对绿地景观流通的高阻力或不流通区域进行阻力值的修正。该方法综合了理论知识和各方面专家实践经验,能够较好反映实际景观阻力情况。
(4)最小耗费距离模型比较成功的解决了如何在源和目的地之间构建一条针对目标保护种的绿色廊道的问题。本研究采用最小耗费距离模型的方法构建了扬州城市绿地网络体系中潜在的绿色廊道,形成科学合理的绿地生态网络,并引入网络覆盖率和网络绿地率指标进行基于空间分布结构的综合评价。
Along with the process of urbanization, the development of natural and the reconstruction strengthen the changes in the city pattern. Habitat fragmentation and habitat loss are widely recognized as major threats to biodiversity & extinction on a global scale. The main reason is that it may cause the reduction of the number of species and mortality and reduce species possibility of reproduction in other habitat. Urban areas can contain rich flora that contribute significantly to biodiversity.
Urban greenspace ecological networks in study area weaken the fragmentation of urban greenspace patch, enhance the ecological function, improve the connection of ecological function network, promote the urban ecosystem function and value, and restrict urban pattern’s spread, and help protect the relative significance of each greenspace and guide urban planning.
The paper reviews and summarizes quantities of related studies and experiences. On the basis of that, constructs a multipurpose research approach of the urban greenspace ecological network. Under the support of RS and GIS, Potential green corridors were identified in Yangzhou City using the least-cost path method, and ecological networks were developed and improved based on the gravity model and landscape connect index. Analysis of spatial patterns revealed that the proposed plan decreased the degree of fragmentation and increased connectivity.
The main studying of this paper are the followings:
(1) Two TM images, which are fused and transformed, are optimized by OIF; and then extract better information on urban greenspace with the decision tree of QUEST algorithm. The Kappa is 0.88.and the user accuracy of urban greenspace is 97.01%
(2) Compared to traditional Connectivity indicators, using CONEFOR SENSINODE 2.2 software analyzes the importance of connectivity of Green patches in study area. dLCP, dIIC and dPC to more accurately indicate the level of connectivity of urban green space patches.
(3) Using AHP method to construct the cost surface can effectively solve the problems of identifying resistance value in the model. This paper introduces AHP method to determine the resistance weight, and According to the actual investigation in study area, we modify resistance value in Landscape of high resistance area and unconnected region. This method integrates the theoretical knowledge and practical experience of experts in various fields.
(4) Least-cost distance model more successfully solves how to build green corridor of protecting target species between sources and targets. This paper adopts least-cost distance model method builds potential green corridor in YangZhou’s network system, forms a scientific and reasonable green ecological network, and introduces network coverage and network green ratio to assess greenspace spatial distribution
城市绿地生态网络可以减弱城市绿地斑块的破碎化,改善与提高生态功能网络的连接,提升城市生态系统的功能及价值,从而限制城市格局不合理蔓延,有助于保护城市绿地斑块和指导城市规划。
本文在总结了众多国内外城市绿地生态网络研究与实践的基础上,结合我国城市绿地空间分布状况,在RS和GIS的支持下,对城市绿地生态网络构建的关键技术进行探讨。本研究主要利用dLCP、dIIC和dPC指数来筛选绿色节点,通过最小耗费距离方法来模拟研究区内潜在的绿色廊道,基于图论和景观生态学原理构建绿地生态网络体系,并对绿地斑块间相互作用的强度与生态网络空间结构进行定量分析与评价,结果表明:
(1)多期遥感数据可以较准确的获取城市绿地的空间分布。本研究利用两期TM影像,通过融合增强等处理后,进行OIF优选波段组合,最后通过QUEST决策树算法获取扬州城市绿地信息。Kappa系数为0.88,城市绿地用户精度达到97.01%,满足研究需求。
(2)采用CONEFOR SENSINODE 2.2软件对研究区内绿地斑块连通性的重要值进行分析,相比传统方法更加合理。研究表明,dLCP、dIIC和dPC能够较为准确的反映城市绿地斑块的连通水平,是选择绿色节点斑块的重要依据,为构建廊道提供影响绿地生态网络结构布局的关键节点。
(3)利用AHP法构造成本面可以有效解决研究中阻力值确定的问题。本研究引入AHP法确定阻力权重,同时根据研究区的实际调查情况,对绿地景观流通的高阻力或不流通区域进行阻力值的修正。该方法综合了理论知识和各方面专家实践经验,能够较好反映实际景观阻力情况。
(4)最小耗费距离模型比较成功的解决了如何在源和目的地之间构建一条针对目标保护种的绿色廊道的问题。本研究采用最小耗费距离模型的方法构建了扬州城市绿地网络体系中潜在的绿色廊道,形成科学合理的绿地生态网络,并引入网络覆盖率和网络绿地率指标进行基于空间分布结构的综合评价。
Along with the process of urbanization, the development of natural and the reconstruction strengthen the changes in the city pattern. Habitat fragmentation and habitat loss are widely recognized as major threats to biodiversity & extinction on a global scale. The main reason is that it may cause the reduction of the number of species and mortality and reduce species possibility of reproduction in other habitat. Urban areas can contain rich flora that contribute significantly to biodiversity.
Urban greenspace ecological networks in study area weaken the fragmentation of urban greenspace patch, enhance the ecological function, improve the connection of ecological function network, promote the urban ecosystem function and value, and restrict urban pattern’s spread, and help protect the relative significance of each greenspace and guide urban planning.
The paper reviews and summarizes quantities of related studies and experiences. On the basis of that, constructs a multipurpose research approach of the urban greenspace ecological network. Under the support of RS and GIS, Potential green corridors were identified in Yangzhou City using the least-cost path method, and ecological networks were developed and improved based on the gravity model and landscape connect index. Analysis of spatial patterns revealed that the proposed plan decreased the degree of fragmentation and increased connectivity.
The main studying of this paper are the followings:
(1) Two TM images, which are fused and transformed, are optimized by OIF; and then extract better information on urban greenspace with the decision tree of QUEST algorithm. The Kappa is 0.88.and the user accuracy of urban greenspace is 97.01%
(2) Compared to traditional Connectivity indicators, using CONEFOR SENSINODE 2.2 software analyzes the importance of connectivity of Green patches in study area. dLCP, dIIC and dPC to more accurately indicate the level of connectivity of urban green space patches.
(3) Using AHP method to construct the cost surface can effectively solve the problems of identifying resistance value in the model. This paper introduces AHP method to determine the resistance weight, and According to the actual investigation in study area, we modify resistance value in Landscape of high resistance area and unconnected region. This method integrates the theoretical knowledge and practical experience of experts in various fields.
(4) Least-cost distance model more successfully solves how to build green corridor of protecting target species between sources and targets. This paper adopts least-cost distance model method builds potential green corridor in YangZhou’s network system, forms a scientific and reasonable green ecological network, and introduces network coverage and network green ratio to assess greenspace spatial distribution
引文
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[3] Miller W, Collions MG, Steiner FR, et al. An approach for greenway suitability analysis[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning. 1998,42:91-105.
[4] Jongman, R.H.G. Kulvik, M., Kristiansen, I. Europe ecological and greenways [J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,68:305-319.
[5] Forman, R.T.T., Godron, M. Landscape ecology [M].New York: John Wiley, 1986.
[6] Goldstein, E.L., Gross, M., DeGraaf, R.M. Wildlife and green space planning in medium-scale residential developments [J].Urban ecology, 1983,7:201-214.
[7] Rob H.G. Jongman. Nature convervation planning in Europe: developing ecological networks [J].Landscape and Urban Planning, 1995,32:169-183.
[8] Cook.E.A. Landscape structure indices for assessing urban ecological Networks [J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2002, 58:269-280.
[9] Erickson, D.L. The relationship of historic city form and contemporary greenway implementation: a comparison of Milwaukee, Wisconsin(USA) and Ottawa, Ontario(Canada).Landscape and Urban Planning, 2004, 68:199-221.
[10] Turner, T.2005.Greenway planning in Britian:recent work and future plans[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2006,76:240-251.
[11] Toccolini, A., Fumagalli, N., Senes, G. Greenways planning in Italy: the Lambro River Valley Greenways System[J] . Landscape and Urban Planning, 2006,76:98-111.
[12] Fabos, J.G, Greenway planning in the United States: its origins and recent case studies[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2004,68:321-342
[13] Linehan, J., Gross. M., Finn, J. Greenway planning: developing a landscape ecological network approach [J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1995, 33:179-193.
[14] Mugavin, D. Adelaide’s greenway: River Torrens Linear Park [J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2004, 68:223-240
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