考虑杆件失稳效应的单层网壳结构动力破坏成因和承载力分析
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摘要
目前关于单层网壳结构的动力计算分析方法并不成熟,为了得到与实际情况相符的单层网壳结构在地震作用下的反应过程和动力破坏成因,有必要对其计算分析模型和计算方法进行系统、深入的研究。鉴于此,本文在总结国内外已有相关研究成果的基础上,对单层网壳结构的动力破坏成因和承载力进行了如下的研究。
(1)根据单层网壳结构杆件的受力特点,课题组提出了考虑杆件失稳效应的杆件力学模型,该模型能够模拟杆端形成塑性铰后杆件的力学行为以及杆件失稳前后各个阶段的杆件力学行为。
(2)基于本文的杆件力学模型对地震作用下多个单层球面、单层柱面、单层双曲扁网壳进行了动力反应弹塑性时程分析,结果表明:基于本文的杆件力学模型的分析可给出结构在地震反复作用下杆件经历的多次失稳—拉直与塑性铰形成—消失复杂过程,及由此造成的结构承载力的动态变化过程,实现了对单层网壳结构动力反应的全过程模拟;得到了不同形式单层网壳结构在地震作用下的动力破坏成因,单层球面、单层柱面、单层双曲扁网壳在强震作用下的破坏成因分别是大量杆件失稳、杆端塑性铰的成片出现导致结构局部成为机构、以及杆件失稳与杆端塑性铰成片分布共同出现。通过对单层球面、单层柱面网壳结构进行逐步增量时程分析,进一步研究了其在不同强度地震作用下的结构动力反应特点。
(3)采用正态分布随机变量描述单层网壳结构的初始几何缺陷,基于本文杆件力学模型计算分析缺陷结构的极限承载力,给出了基于可靠度的单层网壳结构极限承载力及其误差的表达式。结果表明,不考虑杆件失稳将高估结构的承载力。
Currently, the dynamic analysis method for the single layer-latticed shells is not perfect. In order to achieve the actual dynamic responses and damage reasons of single layer-latticed shells subjected to seismic excitations, it is necessary to study the calculating model and analysis method for single layer-latticed shells in depth. On this account, study on the causes of dynamic damage and bearing capacities of single layer-latticed shells is carried on in this paper after exiting research works are reviewed.
(1) Based on the mechanical characters of the member of single layer-latticed shells, member calculating model which can exactly simulate both the developing process of deformations and ultimate bearing capacity of element with plastic hinge at the end is presented by our research team.
(2) Time history analysis of single layer reticulated dome, single layer single layer latticed cylindrical shell and single layer ellipse parabolic latticed shells with the member calculating model in this paper are made, and the results of which indicate that all of the changes of mechanical performances of the structural members, the buckle-straighten processes of the members, the form-disappear processes of the plastic hinges, and consequent complex change processes of structural bearing capacity can be reflected well by the member calculating model. Simulation of the full-range dynamic response processes of single layer latticed shells subjected to seismic excitations is realized by the method proposed in this paper. Causes of dynamic damages of single layer-latticed shells subjected to seismic excitations are studied. The dynamic damage of single layer reticulated dome is caused by buckling members which weaken the structural bearing capacity; the dynamic damage of single layer latticed cylindrical shell is caused by concentrative plastic hinges at the ends of some members which make some parts of the structure turn to mechanisms; the dynamic damage of single layer ellipse parabolic latticed shell is caused by combined actions of the two causes mentioned above. Dynamic response characters of single layer reticulated domes and single layer latticed cylindrical shells subjected to seismic excitations are further studied by incremental dynamic analysis method.
(3) The initial geometrical imperfection of single-layer latticed shells is described by normal random variable, and the ultimate bearing capacities of imperfect structures are calculated based on the member calculating model. The expression of structural ultimate bearing capacity based on the reliability is presented, and the error expression is deduced. Numerical analysis indicated that subjected to critical load some members get buckled which leads to the decrease of the structural bearing capacity. The structural bearing capacity will be overestimated without considering buckling of the member.
(1)根据单层网壳结构杆件的受力特点,课题组提出了考虑杆件失稳效应的杆件力学模型,该模型能够模拟杆端形成塑性铰后杆件的力学行为以及杆件失稳前后各个阶段的杆件力学行为。
(2)基于本文的杆件力学模型对地震作用下多个单层球面、单层柱面、单层双曲扁网壳进行了动力反应弹塑性时程分析,结果表明:基于本文的杆件力学模型的分析可给出结构在地震反复作用下杆件经历的多次失稳—拉直与塑性铰形成—消失复杂过程,及由此造成的结构承载力的动态变化过程,实现了对单层网壳结构动力反应的全过程模拟;得到了不同形式单层网壳结构在地震作用下的动力破坏成因,单层球面、单层柱面、单层双曲扁网壳在强震作用下的破坏成因分别是大量杆件失稳、杆端塑性铰的成片出现导致结构局部成为机构、以及杆件失稳与杆端塑性铰成片分布共同出现。通过对单层球面、单层柱面网壳结构进行逐步增量时程分析,进一步研究了其在不同强度地震作用下的结构动力反应特点。
(3)采用正态分布随机变量描述单层网壳结构的初始几何缺陷,基于本文杆件力学模型计算分析缺陷结构的极限承载力,给出了基于可靠度的单层网壳结构极限承载力及其误差的表达式。结果表明,不考虑杆件失稳将高估结构的承载力。
Currently, the dynamic analysis method for the single layer-latticed shells is not perfect. In order to achieve the actual dynamic responses and damage reasons of single layer-latticed shells subjected to seismic excitations, it is necessary to study the calculating model and analysis method for single layer-latticed shells in depth. On this account, study on the causes of dynamic damage and bearing capacities of single layer-latticed shells is carried on in this paper after exiting research works are reviewed.
(1) Based on the mechanical characters of the member of single layer-latticed shells, member calculating model which can exactly simulate both the developing process of deformations and ultimate bearing capacity of element with plastic hinge at the end is presented by our research team.
(2) Time history analysis of single layer reticulated dome, single layer single layer latticed cylindrical shell and single layer ellipse parabolic latticed shells with the member calculating model in this paper are made, and the results of which indicate that all of the changes of mechanical performances of the structural members, the buckle-straighten processes of the members, the form-disappear processes of the plastic hinges, and consequent complex change processes of structural bearing capacity can be reflected well by the member calculating model. Simulation of the full-range dynamic response processes of single layer latticed shells subjected to seismic excitations is realized by the method proposed in this paper. Causes of dynamic damages of single layer-latticed shells subjected to seismic excitations are studied. The dynamic damage of single layer reticulated dome is caused by buckling members which weaken the structural bearing capacity; the dynamic damage of single layer latticed cylindrical shell is caused by concentrative plastic hinges at the ends of some members which make some parts of the structure turn to mechanisms; the dynamic damage of single layer ellipse parabolic latticed shell is caused by combined actions of the two causes mentioned above. Dynamic response characters of single layer reticulated domes and single layer latticed cylindrical shells subjected to seismic excitations are further studied by incremental dynamic analysis method.
(3) The initial geometrical imperfection of single-layer latticed shells is described by normal random variable, and the ultimate bearing capacities of imperfect structures are calculated based on the member calculating model. The expression of structural ultimate bearing capacity based on the reliability is presented, and the error expression is deduced. Numerical analysis indicated that subjected to critical load some members get buckled which leads to the decrease of the structural bearing capacity. The structural bearing capacity will be overestimated without considering buckling of the member.
引文
[1]完海鹰,黄炳生.大跨空间结构.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000,1~3
[2]董石麟,姚谏.中国网壳结构的发展与应用.第六届空间结构学术会议论文集,1992
[3]董石麟,钱若军.空间网格结构分析理论与计算方法.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000,20~22
[4]沈世钊,陈昕.网壳结构稳定性.北京:科学出版社,1999,4~56
[5]胡学仁.穹顶网壳的稳定计算.第三届空间结构学术交流会论文集(第二卷),1986,525~536
[6]曹资,薛素铎.空间结构抗震理论与设计.北京:科学出版社,2005,113~116
[7]网壳结构技术规程,JGJ 61-2003.中华人民共和国行业标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003-06
[8]尹越,黄鑫.基于振型分解反应谱法的大跨空间结构抗震性能研究.沈阳理工大学学报,2007,26(3):87~90
[9]范峰,钱宏亮,邢佶慧等.强震作用下球面网壳动力强度破坏研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(6):722~725
[10]建筑抗震设计规范,GB50011-2001.中华人民共和国国家标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001-07-20
[11]林家浩,钟万勰,张亚辉.大跨度结构抗震计算的随机振动法.建筑结构学报,2000,21(1):29~36
[12]范峰,沈世钊.网壳结构的反应谱法抗震性能分析.第九届空间结构学术交流会论文集,北京:中国建筑科学研究院建筑结构研究所,2000,153~160,201~207
[13]王健宁,薛素铎,曹资等.双层柱面网壳在地震作用下的弹塑性性能.第九届空间结构学术交流会论文集,北京:中国建筑科学研究院建筑结构研究所,2000,153~160,193~200
[14]曹资,张毅刚.单层球面网壳地震反应特征分析,建筑结构.1998,8:40~43
[15]沈祖炎,叶继红.运动稳定性理论在结构动力分析中的应用.工程力学,1997,14(3):21~28
[16]郭海山,沈世钊.单层网壳结构动力稳定性分析方法.建筑结构学报,2003,24(3):1~9
[17]张迪.强震作用下双层网壳结构动力失效分析:[硕士学位论文].南京;东南大学,2007
[18]杨飏,支旭东,范峰.施威德勒网壳结构的动力强度破坏.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,28(1):125~128
[19]支旭东,范峰,沈世钊.单层球面网壳在地震下的响应特性与失效机理.世界地震工程,2007,23(4):88~94
[20]于晓野,范峰,沈世钊.单层球面网壳的抗震性能分析.西安建筑科技大学学报,2006,38(4):445~449
[21]沈世钊,支旭东.球面网壳结构在强震下的失效机理.土木工程学报,2005,38(1):11~20
[22]支旭东,史义博,范峰.大跨度单层球面网壳强震损伤及失效研究.土木工程学报,2005,38(1):11~20
[23]王晓可,范峰,支旭东等.单层柱面网壳在强震下的破坏机理研究.土木工程学报,2006,39(11):26~32
[24]支旭东,范峰,沈世钊.强震下单层柱面网壳损伤及失效机理研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,40(8):29~34
[25]王晓可,支旭东,范峰等.损伤对单层柱面网壳在强震下破坏影响.低温建筑技术,2004,4:39~41
[26]支旭东,吴金妹,范峰等.考虑材料损伤累积单层柱面网壳在强震下的失效研究.计算力学学报,2008,25(6):770~775
[27]凌道盛,徐兴.非线性有限元及程序.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2004,1~10
[28]王勖成.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1996,531~533
[29]陆新征,叶列平,缪志伟等.建筑抗震弹塑性分析,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009,15~30
[30]范峰.空间网壳结构弹塑性地震响应及抗震性能分析.哈尔滨工业大学学报,1999,32(1):32~37
[31]杜文风,高博青,董石麟.单层网壳结构的动力破坏指数研究.西安建筑科技大学学报哈,2009,41(2):154~160
[32] ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference for ANSYS and ANSYS Workbench, 2007
[33] Narayanaswami R. , Adelman H. M. Inclusion of Transverse Shear Deformation in Finite Element Displacement Formulations. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, 1974, 12(11), 1613~1614
[34] J. Y. Richard Liew, N. M. Punniyakotty, N. E. Shanmugam. Advanced Analysis and Design of Spatial Structures. Construct Steel Res, 1997, 42(1), 21~48
[35]范峰.大跨度空间结构强震灾变行为精细化研究2009年度进展报告.大连:国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目交流会,2009
[36] Chen W F, Sugimoto H. Stability and strength of fabricated tubular columns used in offshore structures. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 1984
[37] P W Mars ISO 10721-1, Steel structures. materials and design, 1997
[38] hall, W E Gates, S Anagnostopoulos. Inelastic dynamic analysis of tubular offshore structures. In: proceedings of ninth annual offshore technology conference, Houston, U S A: 1977, 235~246
[39] Vamvatasikos D, Coenell C A. Incremental dynamic analysis. Earthquake Engineering and Structure Dynamic, 2002, 31(3) , 491~514
[40]沈世钊,陈昕.网壳结构稳定性.北京:科学出版社,1999,52~56
[41]张爱林,张晓峰,葛家琪等.2008奥运羽毛球馆张弦网壳结构整体稳定分析中初始缺陷的影响研究.空间结构,2006,12(4):8~12
[42]欧俊豪,王家生,徐漪萍等.应用概率统计.天津:天津大学出版社,1999,75~79
[2]董石麟,姚谏.中国网壳结构的发展与应用.第六届空间结构学术会议论文集,1992
[3]董石麟,钱若军.空间网格结构分析理论与计算方法.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000,20~22
[4]沈世钊,陈昕.网壳结构稳定性.北京:科学出版社,1999,4~56
[5]胡学仁.穹顶网壳的稳定计算.第三届空间结构学术交流会论文集(第二卷),1986,525~536
[6]曹资,薛素铎.空间结构抗震理论与设计.北京:科学出版社,2005,113~116
[7]网壳结构技术规程,JGJ 61-2003.中华人民共和国行业标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003-06
[8]尹越,黄鑫.基于振型分解反应谱法的大跨空间结构抗震性能研究.沈阳理工大学学报,2007,26(3):87~90
[9]范峰,钱宏亮,邢佶慧等.强震作用下球面网壳动力强度破坏研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(6):722~725
[10]建筑抗震设计规范,GB50011-2001.中华人民共和国国家标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001-07-20
[11]林家浩,钟万勰,张亚辉.大跨度结构抗震计算的随机振动法.建筑结构学报,2000,21(1):29~36
[12]范峰,沈世钊.网壳结构的反应谱法抗震性能分析.第九届空间结构学术交流会论文集,北京:中国建筑科学研究院建筑结构研究所,2000,153~160,201~207
[13]王健宁,薛素铎,曹资等.双层柱面网壳在地震作用下的弹塑性性能.第九届空间结构学术交流会论文集,北京:中国建筑科学研究院建筑结构研究所,2000,153~160,193~200
[14]曹资,张毅刚.单层球面网壳地震反应特征分析,建筑结构.1998,8:40~43
[15]沈祖炎,叶继红.运动稳定性理论在结构动力分析中的应用.工程力学,1997,14(3):21~28
[16]郭海山,沈世钊.单层网壳结构动力稳定性分析方法.建筑结构学报,2003,24(3):1~9
[17]张迪.强震作用下双层网壳结构动力失效分析:[硕士学位论文].南京;东南大学,2007
[18]杨飏,支旭东,范峰.施威德勒网壳结构的动力强度破坏.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,28(1):125~128
[19]支旭东,范峰,沈世钊.单层球面网壳在地震下的响应特性与失效机理.世界地震工程,2007,23(4):88~94
[20]于晓野,范峰,沈世钊.单层球面网壳的抗震性能分析.西安建筑科技大学学报,2006,38(4):445~449
[21]沈世钊,支旭东.球面网壳结构在强震下的失效机理.土木工程学报,2005,38(1):11~20
[22]支旭东,史义博,范峰.大跨度单层球面网壳强震损伤及失效研究.土木工程学报,2005,38(1):11~20
[23]王晓可,范峰,支旭东等.单层柱面网壳在强震下的破坏机理研究.土木工程学报,2006,39(11):26~32
[24]支旭东,范峰,沈世钊.强震下单层柱面网壳损伤及失效机理研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,40(8):29~34
[25]王晓可,支旭东,范峰等.损伤对单层柱面网壳在强震下破坏影响.低温建筑技术,2004,4:39~41
[26]支旭东,吴金妹,范峰等.考虑材料损伤累积单层柱面网壳在强震下的失效研究.计算力学学报,2008,25(6):770~775
[27]凌道盛,徐兴.非线性有限元及程序.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2004,1~10
[28]王勖成.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1996,531~533
[29]陆新征,叶列平,缪志伟等.建筑抗震弹塑性分析,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009,15~30
[30]范峰.空间网壳结构弹塑性地震响应及抗震性能分析.哈尔滨工业大学学报,1999,32(1):32~37
[31]杜文风,高博青,董石麟.单层网壳结构的动力破坏指数研究.西安建筑科技大学学报哈,2009,41(2):154~160
[32] ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference for ANSYS and ANSYS Workbench, 2007
[33] Narayanaswami R. , Adelman H. M. Inclusion of Transverse Shear Deformation in Finite Element Displacement Formulations. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, 1974, 12(11), 1613~1614
[34] J. Y. Richard Liew, N. M. Punniyakotty, N. E. Shanmugam. Advanced Analysis and Design of Spatial Structures. Construct Steel Res, 1997, 42(1), 21~48
[35]范峰.大跨度空间结构强震灾变行为精细化研究2009年度进展报告.大连:国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目交流会,2009
[36] Chen W F, Sugimoto H. Stability and strength of fabricated tubular columns used in offshore structures. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 1984
[37] P W Mars ISO 10721-1, Steel structures. materials and design, 1997
[38] hall, W E Gates, S Anagnostopoulos. Inelastic dynamic analysis of tubular offshore structures. In: proceedings of ninth annual offshore technology conference, Houston, U S A: 1977, 235~246
[39] Vamvatasikos D, Coenell C A. Incremental dynamic analysis. Earthquake Engineering and Structure Dynamic, 2002, 31(3) , 491~514
[40]沈世钊,陈昕.网壳结构稳定性.北京:科学出版社,1999,52~56
[41]张爱林,张晓峰,葛家琪等.2008奥运羽毛球馆张弦网壳结构整体稳定分析中初始缺陷的影响研究.空间结构,2006,12(4):8~12
[42]欧俊豪,王家生,徐漪萍等.应用概率统计.天津:天津大学出版社,1999,75~79