航空发动机整体叶盘的测量
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摘要
航空发动机叶盘是一类高精度加工产品，其加工质量直接影响发动机性能。测量技术和航空航天技术的发展摒弃了叶盘传统的分散加工，整体加工成为主要加工方式，故其加工精度的检测和判定尤为重要。与末端检测相比，在位测量能够及时发现问题，并对其不满足加工要求部分进行修正，大大提高了生产效率和资源利用率。根据项目要求，论文主要研究工作包括以下几个方面：
1、针对发动机整体叶盘结构特点和加工机床的周围环境，率先设计国内首套发动机叶盘在位检测装置，完成叶盘加工精度的评定工作。
2、提出一种基于测杆姿态的运动学反解算法，解决了5自由度在位检测系统的运动学反解问题。实验表明该算法可实现测量机对目标点的正确探测，完成自动测量任务。
3、详细阐述了整体标定与单步标定两种误差标定方法，并建立测量系统的误差修正模型，实现误差补偿。所提出整体标定算法解决了GA算法搜索时间长和最小二乘法中矩阵病态性问题，提高了收敛速度。
4、分析了路径规划的常用方法和基本原则，给出了单点测量路径中避障点的求解方法，依据系统结构确定了扫描测量的模式和方向，完成单点测量和扫描测量路径的规划工作。
Aero engine blisk is a kind of high precision workpiece and the processingquality directly effects on the engine performance. The traditional distributedprocessing method must be abandoned because of the development of measurementand aerospace technology. Entire processing becomes main method. So it issignificant to evaluate the processing accuracy. The parts which do not meet theprocessing requirements and machining problems can be found timely and solvedcompared with ending measuring. It is helpful to improve the production efficiencyand resource utilization. The following work is proposed in this paper according tothe project demands.
1. A novel on-machine measuring euipment is designed for the first time inchina according to features of blisk and processing environment to finish the work ofevaluating processing accuracy on blisk.
2. An algorithm is proposed based on initial rod’s posture for inversekinematics. The problem of invers kinematics about the designed measuring machinewith five freedoms has been solved. Experiments show that the proposed algorithmcorrectly realizes measuring target points and completes automaticaly test work.
3. The whole and the single-step calibration methods are both elaborated inthis paper. Error correcting model is established to realize error compensation. Theproposed algorithm of whole calibration shortens the searching time of GAalgorithm and solves the problem of least squares method’s pathological matrix. Sothe convergence rate has been improved greatly.
4. Common ways and basic principles of path planning are discussed in thispaper. The calculation method of obstacle avoidance points is presented. Scanningmode and direction are both determined according to system structure. The work ofpath planning about single-point and scanning measurement is completed lastly.
1、针对发动机整体叶盘结构特点和加工机床的周围环境，率先设计国内首套发动机叶盘在位检测装置，完成叶盘加工精度的评定工作。
2、提出一种基于测杆姿态的运动学反解算法，解决了5自由度在位检测系统的运动学反解问题。实验表明该算法可实现测量机对目标点的正确探测，完成自动测量任务。
3、详细阐述了整体标定与单步标定两种误差标定方法，并建立测量系统的误差修正模型，实现误差补偿。所提出整体标定算法解决了GA算法搜索时间长和最小二乘法中矩阵病态性问题，提高了收敛速度。
4、分析了路径规划的常用方法和基本原则，给出了单点测量路径中避障点的求解方法，依据系统结构确定了扫描测量的模式和方向，完成单点测量和扫描测量路径的规划工作。
Aero engine blisk is a kind of high precision workpiece and the processingquality directly effects on the engine performance. The traditional distributedprocessing method must be abandoned because of the development of measurementand aerospace technology. Entire processing becomes main method. So it issignificant to evaluate the processing accuracy. The parts which do not meet theprocessing requirements and machining problems can be found timely and solvedcompared with ending measuring. It is helpful to improve the production efficiencyand resource utilization. The following work is proposed in this paper according tothe project demands.
1. A novel on-machine measuring euipment is designed for the first time inchina according to features of blisk and processing environment to finish the work ofevaluating processing accuracy on blisk.
2. An algorithm is proposed based on initial rod’s posture for inversekinematics. The problem of invers kinematics about the designed measuring machinewith five freedoms has been solved. Experiments show that the proposed algorithmcorrectly realizes measuring target points and completes automaticaly test work.
3. The whole and the single-step calibration methods are both elaborated inthis paper. Error correcting model is established to realize error compensation. Theproposed algorithm of whole calibration shortens the searching time of GAalgorithm and solves the problem of least squares method’s pathological matrix. Sothe convergence rate has been improved greatly.
4. Common ways and basic principles of path planning are discussed in thispaper. The calculation method of obstacle avoidance points is presented. Scanningmode and direction are both determined according to system structure. The work ofpath planning about single-point and scanning measurement is completed lastly.
引文
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