教育培训行业教师胜任素质研究
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摘要
近年来,随着经济的发展和人事制度的改革、管理理念的逐步更新,基于胜任素质的人力资源管理的价值越来越被人们所意识,胜任素质理论的研究和应用在我国成为了人力资源管理领域研究的热点。在基于胜任素质的人力资源管理中,胜任力模型是人力资源各项管理职能的基础,它可以推动招聘、选拔、培训、绩效管理和薪酬管理等各项工作,从而形成对组织发展具有战略意义的强大的人力资源系统,全面提升组织的竞争力。
目前,知识在人们的工作、生活中扮演越来越重要的角色,这引发了教育培训市场的飞速发展,也促使该市场人力资源建设的速度发展。语言类教育培训被认为是最有价值的投资项目之一,为全球的战略投资家所推崇,教育培训市场已被公认为是最具“钱景”的市场之一和“朝阳产业”。教育培训师资源作为教育培训行业中最重要的资源,它是教育培训行业发展的重要因素。师资队伍的整体素质对于教育培训行业的生存和发展具有重大的影响。因此,将基于胜任力的人力资源管理思想用于教育培训领域,建立教育培训行业教师胜任素质结构具有其重要的理论和实践意义。
新东方教育科技集团是中国目前运营最成功的民营教育机构,新东方创办于1993年,2006年9月7日在美国纽约交易所上市,成为中国第一家在海外上市的教育培训机构。新东方具有语言培训课程全面、师资力量雄厚、企业文化鲜明等特点,成为教育培训行业的企业标杆。因此,本文以新东方教育科技集团教师为研究样本,研究探讨教育培训行业教师胜任素质结构及内涵。
本研究以胜任力理论为基础,通过对教育培训行业教师的调查研究,探讨影响教育培训行业教师胜任力的因素,并考察教育培训行业教师胜任力与工作绩效的关系。在研究的第一阶段,以215名新东方教师为被试,通过预测试编制《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》,探索并初步验证教育培训行业教师胜任素质结构。同时,对《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》的效度和信度进行检验；在研究的第二阶段,对初步编制的《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》进行正式测评,验证教育培训行业教师胜任素质,编制正式《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》,同时,分析教育培训行业教师胜任素质的因素结构层次,通过相关分析和回归分析探究教育培训行业教师胜任力水平和工作绩效的关系。研究取得的主要结果如下：
1、本研究采用的自编《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》具有较好的结构效度和较高的内部一致性信度；
2、本研究建立了“教育培训行业教师胜任素质结构”,包括四个维度：(1)个人特质(包括个人影响力、创新性、积极进取、成就感、自我学习、反思能力、语言表达力)；(2)思维能力(包括分析性思维、批判性思维、逻辑推理、启发性思维、信息解释力)；(3)教学技能(包括理论造诣、信息搜集、高效性、教学风格、理论应用、时效性)；(4)社交能力(包括沟通互动、服务意识、尊重他人、人际理解力)；
3、教育培训行业教师胜任结构各维度均与工作绩效显著相关,其中个人特质、思维能力、教学技能三个胜任素质维度可以预测教师工作绩效水平,而社交能力对教育培训行业教师的工作绩效预测不明显；
4、与全日制公立学校教师胜任素质结构相比,教育培训行业教师更注重对于学员的服务,并且更强调创新性、实效性和方法的可操作性等。教育培训学校的教师面临着更大的工作压力和更激烈的竞争。这些都是由教育培训行业教师所处的工作环境和工作性质决定的。
总的说来,本研究经过开放式问卷调查,对《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》进行预测试和正式测试的基础上,以及对教育培训行业教师胜任素质层次结构的分析,最终完成了研究任务,编订了《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》,构建了教育培训行业教师胜任素质结构,探究了教育培训行业教师胜任力对工作绩效的预测作用,分析了教育培训行业教师与全日制公办学校教师胜任素质的差异,验证了研究假设,基本实现了研究的主要目标。
Recent years, with economic development and the reform of the personnel system, and updating of management philosophy gradually, the value of human resource management based on competency is becoming awared by more and more people, and the theory and application of the competency in the field of human resource management has become the focus of the study. In the competency-based human resource management, human resource competency models are the bases of the various management functions which can promote the recruitment, selection, training, performance management and compensation management. Thus it can enhance the competitiveness of the organization by form powerful strategic human resources system which is beneficial to organizational development.
At present, the knowledge in people's work and life plays an increasingly important role, which led to the rapid development of educational training market, also contributed to the market rate of development of human resources. Language class educational training is considered the most valuable investment, and the strategic investors around the world held in esteem. Educational training market has been recognized as the greatest "money view" of the markets and the "sunrise industry." As the most important resource, teachers of educational training industry has become the most important factor in the development. The overall quality of teachers educational training industry for the survival and development has a significant impact. Therefore, the idea of competency-based human resource management for the field of educational training, establishment of quality educational training teachers become the competent structure of the industry of its important theoretical and practical significance.
Neworiental Education& Technology Group is currently the most successful operation of private educational institutions, Neworiental was founded in 1993, September 7,2006 in New York Stock Exchange, becoming the first overseas listing of China's education and training institutions. Neworiental Language training courses with full, strong teachers, and other distinctive characteristics of corporate culture, becomes a benchmark of corporate education and training industry. Therefore, this article, Neworiental Education& Technology Group for this study sample, studies the quality of education and training industry structure and content of teacher competence.
This study based on the competency theory, through the research of teachers, explored the impact of competence of teachers in education and training industry factors, and examined the competence of teachers in educational training industry and job performance. In the first phase of research,215 Neworiental teachers were tested by the pretest preparation of "Competency of Teachers of Educational Training Industry Evaluation Questionnaire", to explore and verify the initial competency structure of teacher educational training industry. Meanwhile, we tested the validity and reliability inspection of "Competency of Teachers of Educational Training Industry Evaluation Questionnaire"; In the second phase of the study, according to the initial preparation of the " Competency of Teachers of Educational Training Industry Evaluation Questionnaire ", we made the formal evaluation to verify the quality of teachers of educational training industry. Meanwhile, we analyzed the educational training industry and the structures of teachers'competency level, through correlation and regression analysis, explored the educational training industry, the level of teacher competence and job performance. The main findings are as follows:
1. This study drew up "Competency of Teachers of Educational Training Industry Evaluation Questionnaire" which has good construct validity and high internal consistency reliability;
2. This study established "the competency structure of teachers of educational training industry", including four dimensions:(1) Personal characteristics (including individual impact, innovative, proactive, achievement, self-learning, reflection, language ability); (2) Thinking skills (including analytical thinking, critical thinking, logical reasoning, stimulating thinking, information, explanatory power); (3) Teaching skills (including the theory of skills, information gathering, efficiency, teaching style, theoretical application, timeliness); (4) Social skills (including communication and interaction, service awareness, respect for others, interpersonal understanding);
3. The levels of teachers'competency structure of educational training industry were significantly correlated with job performance, personal qualities, thinking skills, teaching skills and teacher performance, related to higher social skills and job performance which were not significantly correlated. This shows that personal characteristics, thinking skills, teaching skills can predict the level of teachers' performance, but forecast performance of social skills on teacher educational training industry is not obvious.
4. Comparing the competency structure of teachers of public school, teachers of the educational training industry pay more attention to services for students, and more emphasis on innovation, effectiveness and operability of such methods. Educational training of school teachers faced with more work pressure and more competition. These are the teachers from the education and training industry in which the nature of the work environment and work decisions.
Overall, this study through open-ended questionnaire, "teachers of educational training industry Evaluation Questionnaire" pretesting and formal testing, as well as competent teachers, quality educational training industry, analysis of the hierarchy, eventually completed the research task, constructed education and training sector teacher competency structure, compiled the " Competency of Teachers of Educational Training Industry Evaluation Questionnaire ", explores competence of teachers of the educational training on the job performance predictors, analysis of the education and training industry, teachers and public schools teacher competency differences to verify the hypothesis, the basic realization of the main objectives of the study.
目前,知识在人们的工作、生活中扮演越来越重要的角色,这引发了教育培训市场的飞速发展,也促使该市场人力资源建设的速度发展。语言类教育培训被认为是最有价值的投资项目之一,为全球的战略投资家所推崇,教育培训市场已被公认为是最具“钱景”的市场之一和“朝阳产业”。教育培训师资源作为教育培训行业中最重要的资源,它是教育培训行业发展的重要因素。师资队伍的整体素质对于教育培训行业的生存和发展具有重大的影响。因此,将基于胜任力的人力资源管理思想用于教育培训领域,建立教育培训行业教师胜任素质结构具有其重要的理论和实践意义。
新东方教育科技集团是中国目前运营最成功的民营教育机构,新东方创办于1993年,2006年9月7日在美国纽约交易所上市,成为中国第一家在海外上市的教育培训机构。新东方具有语言培训课程全面、师资力量雄厚、企业文化鲜明等特点,成为教育培训行业的企业标杆。因此,本文以新东方教育科技集团教师为研究样本,研究探讨教育培训行业教师胜任素质结构及内涵。
本研究以胜任力理论为基础,通过对教育培训行业教师的调查研究,探讨影响教育培训行业教师胜任力的因素,并考察教育培训行业教师胜任力与工作绩效的关系。在研究的第一阶段,以215名新东方教师为被试,通过预测试编制《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》,探索并初步验证教育培训行业教师胜任素质结构。同时,对《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》的效度和信度进行检验；在研究的第二阶段,对初步编制的《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》进行正式测评,验证教育培训行业教师胜任素质,编制正式《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》,同时,分析教育培训行业教师胜任素质的因素结构层次,通过相关分析和回归分析探究教育培训行业教师胜任力水平和工作绩效的关系。研究取得的主要结果如下：
1、本研究采用的自编《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》具有较好的结构效度和较高的内部一致性信度；
2、本研究建立了“教育培训行业教师胜任素质结构”,包括四个维度：(1)个人特质(包括个人影响力、创新性、积极进取、成就感、自我学习、反思能力、语言表达力)；(2)思维能力(包括分析性思维、批判性思维、逻辑推理、启发性思维、信息解释力)；(3)教学技能(包括理论造诣、信息搜集、高效性、教学风格、理论应用、时效性)；(4)社交能力(包括沟通互动、服务意识、尊重他人、人际理解力)；
3、教育培训行业教师胜任结构各维度均与工作绩效显著相关,其中个人特质、思维能力、教学技能三个胜任素质维度可以预测教师工作绩效水平,而社交能力对教育培训行业教师的工作绩效预测不明显；
4、与全日制公立学校教师胜任素质结构相比,教育培训行业教师更注重对于学员的服务,并且更强调创新性、实效性和方法的可操作性等。教育培训学校的教师面临着更大的工作压力和更激烈的竞争。这些都是由教育培训行业教师所处的工作环境和工作性质决定的。
总的说来,本研究经过开放式问卷调查,对《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》进行预测试和正式测试的基础上,以及对教育培训行业教师胜任素质层次结构的分析,最终完成了研究任务,编订了《教育培训行业教师胜任素质测评问卷》,构建了教育培训行业教师胜任素质结构,探究了教育培训行业教师胜任力对工作绩效的预测作用,分析了教育培训行业教师与全日制公办学校教师胜任素质的差异,验证了研究假设,基本实现了研究的主要目标。
Recent years, with economic development and the reform of the personnel system, and updating of management philosophy gradually, the value of human resource management based on competency is becoming awared by more and more people, and the theory and application of the competency in the field of human resource management has become the focus of the study. In the competency-based human resource management, human resource competency models are the bases of the various management functions which can promote the recruitment, selection, training, performance management and compensation management. Thus it can enhance the competitiveness of the organization by form powerful strategic human resources system which is beneficial to organizational development.
At present, the knowledge in people's work and life plays an increasingly important role, which led to the rapid development of educational training market, also contributed to the market rate of development of human resources. Language class educational training is considered the most valuable investment, and the strategic investors around the world held in esteem. Educational training market has been recognized as the greatest "money view" of the markets and the "sunrise industry." As the most important resource, teachers of educational training industry has become the most important factor in the development. The overall quality of teachers educational training industry for the survival and development has a significant impact. Therefore, the idea of competency-based human resource management for the field of educational training, establishment of quality educational training teachers become the competent structure of the industry of its important theoretical and practical significance.
Neworiental Education& Technology Group is currently the most successful operation of private educational institutions, Neworiental was founded in 1993, September 7,2006 in New York Stock Exchange, becoming the first overseas listing of China's education and training institutions. Neworiental Language training courses with full, strong teachers, and other distinctive characteristics of corporate culture, becomes a benchmark of corporate education and training industry. Therefore, this article, Neworiental Education& Technology Group for this study sample, studies the quality of education and training industry structure and content of teacher competence.
This study based on the competency theory, through the research of teachers, explored the impact of competence of teachers in education and training industry factors, and examined the competence of teachers in educational training industry and job performance. In the first phase of research,215 Neworiental teachers were tested by the pretest preparation of "Competency of Teachers of Educational Training Industry Evaluation Questionnaire", to explore and verify the initial competency structure of teacher educational training industry. Meanwhile, we tested the validity and reliability inspection of "Competency of Teachers of Educational Training Industry Evaluation Questionnaire"; In the second phase of the study, according to the initial preparation of the " Competency of Teachers of Educational Training Industry Evaluation Questionnaire ", we made the formal evaluation to verify the quality of teachers of educational training industry. Meanwhile, we analyzed the educational training industry and the structures of teachers'competency level, through correlation and regression analysis, explored the educational training industry, the level of teacher competence and job performance. The main findings are as follows:
1. This study drew up "Competency of Teachers of Educational Training Industry Evaluation Questionnaire" which has good construct validity and high internal consistency reliability;
2. This study established "the competency structure of teachers of educational training industry", including four dimensions:(1) Personal characteristics (including individual impact, innovative, proactive, achievement, self-learning, reflection, language ability); (2) Thinking skills (including analytical thinking, critical thinking, logical reasoning, stimulating thinking, information, explanatory power); (3) Teaching skills (including the theory of skills, information gathering, efficiency, teaching style, theoretical application, timeliness); (4) Social skills (including communication and interaction, service awareness, respect for others, interpersonal understanding);
3. The levels of teachers'competency structure of educational training industry were significantly correlated with job performance, personal qualities, thinking skills, teaching skills and teacher performance, related to higher social skills and job performance which were not significantly correlated. This shows that personal characteristics, thinking skills, teaching skills can predict the level of teachers' performance, but forecast performance of social skills on teacher educational training industry is not obvious.
4. Comparing the competency structure of teachers of public school, teachers of the educational training industry pay more attention to services for students, and more emphasis on innovation, effectiveness and operability of such methods. Educational training of school teachers faced with more work pressure and more competition. These are the teachers from the education and training industry in which the nature of the work environment and work decisions.
Overall, this study through open-ended questionnaire, "teachers of educational training industry Evaluation Questionnaire" pretesting and formal testing, as well as competent teachers, quality educational training industry, analysis of the hierarchy, eventually completed the research task, constructed education and training sector teacher competency structure, compiled the " Competency of Teachers of Educational Training Industry Evaluation Questionnaire ", explores competence of teachers of the educational training on the job performance predictors, analysis of the education and training industry, teachers and public schools teacher competency differences to verify the hypothesis, the basic realization of the main objectives of the study.
引文
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