软弱黄土隧道施工过程力学分析
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摘要
随着西部大开发战略的贯彻落实,秉着“要致富先修路”的基本原则,我国西部这片热土展开了又一轮紧锣密鼓的交通建设。西部地域的特殊性使得黄土隧道成为交通建设者们手中炙手可热的话题。本文以青海西宁某大型黄土公路隧道为工程依托,结合隧道选址区的工程地质条件,在施工过程中坚决执行新奥法的三大核心之一—监控量测的基本思想,通过对地表沉降、拱顶沉降及周边收敛进行长期、规范和定时的量测,揭示出黄土隧道变形的特点及规律。论文采用有限元方法对黄土隧道施工过程进行了数值模拟,分别研究在不同埋深环境下,采用不同的施工方法开挖后围岩的变形规律：即分别采用交叉中隔壁法(CRD法)、中隔壁法(CD法)和环形开挖留核心土法三种施工方法,通过对地表沉降、拱顶沉降及周边收敛量的最终数据对比分析,结果表明,在同种埋深环境下环形开挖保留核心土法优于CD法,CD法优于CRD法,并推荐了相应条件下的施工方法。针对黄土的诸多工程特性,以及在新老黄土交界处容易产生不均匀工后沉降的现象,软弱黄土隧道工后沉降问题也没有规范可循,鉴于设计施工部门对软弱黄土隧道工后沉降非常关心,论文利用有限元数值分析软件初步演算出经过加固后的地基在三种工况下产生的工后沉降量,对照施工规范的要求,均符合规范。
With the implementation of develop-the-west strategy, another round of intense traffic construction is carried on in western China by holding the basic principles of "building the road is the first step to become rich". The particularity of western region makes loess tunnel into traffic builders'hot topic. In this paper, supported by a large loess tunnel project in Xining Qinghai province and combined with geological conditions of the tunnel site area, the basic idea of monitoring and measuring which is one of New Austrian Tunneling Method'three central parts is carried out firmly in construction. The deformation characteristics and law of loess tunnel are revealed by long-term canonical and timed measurements to the surface subsidence, crown settlement and perimeter convergence. Large geotechnical finite element analysis software is used in this paper to have a numerical simulation on the construction process of loess tunnel, studying respectively the deformation law of wall rock at different depths and different construction methods:center cross-diagram(CRD) method, center diagram(CD) method and circle-digging preserved core method are used respectively under the depth condition of 20m and 40m.through contrasting and analyzing the final data of surface subsidence. By the comparative analysis of the surface subsidence, crown settlement and perimeter convergence values, it is found that circle-digging preserved core method is better than CD method which is superior to CRD method at the same depth of excavation and corresponding construction methods are also recommended in this paper.According to a good many engineering characteristics of loess and the phenomena that it is easy to cause uneven settlement at the fresh-old bonding interface, the values of add-on crown settlement and inverted arch settlement of reinforced foundation at the three work conditions are primary calculated by using finite element analysis software, all that is compliant with rule by contrasting construction code.
With the implementation of develop-the-west strategy, another round of intense traffic construction is carried on in western China by holding the basic principles of "building the road is the first step to become rich". The particularity of western region makes loess tunnel into traffic builders'hot topic. In this paper, supported by a large loess tunnel project in Xining Qinghai province and combined with geological conditions of the tunnel site area, the basic idea of monitoring and measuring which is one of New Austrian Tunneling Method'three central parts is carried out firmly in construction. The deformation characteristics and law of loess tunnel are revealed by long-term canonical and timed measurements to the surface subsidence, crown settlement and perimeter convergence. Large geotechnical finite element analysis software is used in this paper to have a numerical simulation on the construction process of loess tunnel, studying respectively the deformation law of wall rock at different depths and different construction methods:center cross-diagram(CRD) method, center diagram(CD) method and circle-digging preserved core method are used respectively under the depth condition of 20m and 40m.through contrasting and analyzing the final data of surface subsidence. By the comparative analysis of the surface subsidence, crown settlement and perimeter convergence values, it is found that circle-digging preserved core method is better than CD method which is superior to CRD method at the same depth of excavation and corresponding construction methods are also recommended in this paper.According to a good many engineering characteristics of loess and the phenomena that it is easy to cause uneven settlement at the fresh-old bonding interface, the values of add-on crown settlement and inverted arch settlement of reinforced foundation at the three work conditions are primary calculated by using finite element analysis software, all that is compliant with rule by contrasting construction code.
引文
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[7]赵占厂.黄土公路隧道结构工程性状研究[D].西安： 长安大学,2004
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[12]潘昌实..隧道力学数值方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.1995
[13]景诗庭,宋玉香..隧道结构可靠度[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.2002
[14]Di Prisco C. Mechanical modeling of drained creeptriaxial tests on losse sand [J]. Geotechnique,2000,50(1):73～82.
[15]Xi-Hong ZHAO,Hong SUN,Kwang Wei Lo.An elastoplastic damage model of soil [J]. Geotechnique,2002,52(7):533～536.
[16]公路隧道设计规范(JTJ D70-2004)[S].北京,2004
[17]王建宇.隧道工程监测和信息化设计原理[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1990
[18]S.Sakurai,K.Takeuchi.Back Analysis of Measured Displacement of Tunnels. Rock Mech and Rock Eng., Vol.16,No.3,1983,173～180.
[19]王晓州、丁维利、李国良等.大断面黄土隧道建设技术[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.2009
[20]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003：579-586,613
[21]谢康和,周健.岩土工程有限元分析理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：47
[22]张贯峰,公路岩质边坡应力变化特征数值模拟研究[D].长安大学博士论文,2006.8
[23]Hayfurst D R,Leckie F A.The Effect of Creep Constitutive and Damage Relationships
upon the Rupture Time of a Solid Circular Torsion Bar.J.of Mech Phys Solids, 1973,21:431～446.
[24]陈火红.Marc有限元实例分析教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.2：17-21
[25]康军.黄土公路隧道设计与施工技术状研究[D].西安：长安大学,2006
[26]孙钧.地下结构有限元分析[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1988
[27]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1995
[28]姜久纯.黄土隧道施工监控量测及锚杆的支护效果研究[D].西安：长安大学,2007
[29]Katauhoko Arai etal. Estimation of Nonlinear Constitu-tive Parameters based on Monitored Movement of Subsiol under Consolidatcon. Soils and Foundation. Vol.27, No.1,1987.
[30]温桂安,王德仙.大跨度黄土施工技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2002,3
[31]赵均海,汪梦甫.弹性力学及有限元[M].武汉.武汉理工大学出版社,2003,8
[32]李宁.郑西客运专线大断面黄土隧道围岩变形特征[J].铁道标准设计,2007(1),19-21
[33]来弘鹏,杨晓华.黄土地区隧道病害类型与处置措施建议[J].公路交通科技,2009(3),12-14
[34]杨新锐.软土地区隧道开挖引起的地层变性分析[M],北京：北京交通大学,2007
[35]中华人民共和国行业标准,公路隧道设计规范(JTTD70-2004)[S].北京：2004
[36]吕庆林,王淑华.黄土隧道的地表变形病害分析及治理[J].西部探矿工程,2006(11)133-135
[37]来弘鹏,杨晓华,林永贵.黄土公路隧道分析与机理探讨[J].公路,2006(6),197-202
[2]王毅才.隧道工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1987
[3]关宝树等.隧道及地下工程[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2000
[4]王景明.黄土构造节理的理论与应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,1996,5
[5]刘祖典.黄土力学与工程[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社,,1997,1～6
[6]钱家欢,殷宗泽. 土工原理与计算[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,1995
[7]赵占厂.黄土公路隧道结构工程性状研究[D].西安： 长安大学,2004
[8]杨晓华、谢永利.公路隧道塌方综合处理技术[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版).2004.24(1)
[9]夏才初,李永盛.地下工程测试理论与监测技术[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1999
[10]王建宇..隧道工程监测和信息化设计原理[M]. 北京：中国铁道出版社,1990
[11]中华人民共和国行业标准,公路隧道设计规范(JTTD70-2004)[S].北京：2004
[12]潘昌实..隧道力学数值方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.1995
[13]景诗庭,宋玉香..隧道结构可靠度[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.2002
[14]Di Prisco C. Mechanical modeling of drained creeptriaxial tests on losse sand [J]. Geotechnique,2000,50(1):73～82.
[15]Xi-Hong ZHAO,Hong SUN,Kwang Wei Lo.An elastoplastic damage model of soil [J]. Geotechnique,2002,52(7):533～536.
[16]公路隧道设计规范(JTJ D70-2004)[S].北京,2004
[17]王建宇.隧道工程监测和信息化设计原理[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1990
[18]S.Sakurai,K.Takeuchi.Back Analysis of Measured Displacement of Tunnels. Rock Mech and Rock Eng., Vol.16,No.3,1983,173～180.
[19]王晓州、丁维利、李国良等.大断面黄土隧道建设技术[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.2009
[20]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003：579-586,613
[21]谢康和,周健.岩土工程有限元分析理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：47
[22]张贯峰,公路岩质边坡应力变化特征数值模拟研究[D].长安大学博士论文,2006.8
[23]Hayfurst D R,Leckie F A.The Effect of Creep Constitutive and Damage Relationships
upon the Rupture Time of a Solid Circular Torsion Bar.J.of Mech Phys Solids, 1973,21:431～446.
[24]陈火红.Marc有限元实例分析教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.2：17-21
[25]康军.黄土公路隧道设计与施工技术状研究[D].西安：长安大学,2006
[26]孙钧.地下结构有限元分析[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1988
[27]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1995
[28]姜久纯.黄土隧道施工监控量测及锚杆的支护效果研究[D].西安：长安大学,2007
[29]Katauhoko Arai etal. Estimation of Nonlinear Constitu-tive Parameters based on Monitored Movement of Subsiol under Consolidatcon. Soils and Foundation. Vol.27, No.1,1987.
[30]温桂安,王德仙.大跨度黄土施工技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2002,3
[31]赵均海,汪梦甫.弹性力学及有限元[M].武汉.武汉理工大学出版社,2003,8
[32]李宁.郑西客运专线大断面黄土隧道围岩变形特征[J].铁道标准设计,2007(1),19-21
[33]来弘鹏,杨晓华.黄土地区隧道病害类型与处置措施建议[J].公路交通科技,2009(3),12-14
[34]杨新锐.软土地区隧道开挖引起的地层变性分析[M],北京：北京交通大学,2007
[35]中华人民共和国行业标准,公路隧道设计规范(JTTD70-2004)[S].北京：2004
[36]吕庆林,王淑华.黄土隧道的地表变形病害分析及治理[J].西部探矿工程,2006(11)133-135
[37]来弘鹏,杨晓华,林永贵.黄土公路隧道分析与机理探讨[J].公路,2006(6),197-202