独头掘进隧道施工通风数值模拟
|
摘要
我国隧道施工通风的现状不容乐观。随着隧道掘进速度的加快和长度的增加,施工通风问题已经成为隧道快速施工的“瓶颈”。不论是从施工安全的角度,还是从施工进度及施工经济的角度来看,长大隧道独头掘进施工中的通风散烟问题都是摆在工程设计人员、施工人员和管理人员面前的一个十分重要的问题。本文结合雅砻江两河口1#公路隧道,对压入式通风条件下的独头掘进隧道进行了基本理论计算和数值分析,主要结论和研究成果如下：
1)总结了现阶段隧道施工通风中主要应用的几种通风方式,隧道纵向通风所需要的风量计算理论,以及通风中各个环节的布置。针对两河口公路隧道独头掘进的特点,结合总结的理论进行了所需风量的计算,同时较系统地阐述了通风系统的日常管理和维护措施以及安全措施等。
2)对于独头掘进隧道而言,掘进距离越长,施工通风难度越大。对整条独头隧道压入式通风条件下,隧道内流场和污染物浓度变化进行了数值分析,此数值分析为隧道实现安全施工提供了合理的理论依据,改变了过去凭经验对施工通风时间范围粗略估计的方法,避免施工不确定因素的干扰,对保证正常的安全生产,提高劳动生产率,推动施工进度的高效进行,具有实际的指导意义。
3)通过大型有限元软件ADINA,实现了掘进隧道三维空间内风流结构和有害气体浓度扩散的数值模拟。独头掘进隧道压入式通风属于受限附壁射流,掌子面附近风流形成了射流区,回流区和紊流区三个区间。模拟结果表明,由于涡流对浓度扩散的影响,涡流中心有害气体浓度高,涡流对扩散有明显的滞留作用。工作区间内有害气体浓度随通风时间呈现负指数变化,并通过公式得到了验证。
4)为了加快独头掘进隧道压入式通风条件下有害气体的减排速度,对射流风机的摆放位置,风机间距进行了数值模拟。计算分析结果表明,压入式通风条件下,在隧道的回流区中央位置摆放射流风机能够明显加快有害气体的减排速度；射流风机的工作距离为120m左右,在隧道中摆放射流风机时可以以此数据作为参考,减少了安装过程中的盲目性。
The status quo of China's construction about the ventilation can not be optimistic. With the accelerating rate of tunneling and the increasing length of the tunnel,the problem of ventilation has become a "bottleneck." In terms of the safety and the schedule of the construction,or from the economic point of view, the scattered smoke and ventilation problems in the long and large single head tunnel construction, are realistic problems placed before engineering design personnel, project construction and project management personnel. In this paper, according to the Yalong River 1 # highway tunnel,the author try to do the basic theoretical calculations and numerical analysis about single head tunnel construction under the forced ventilation conditions. The main conclusions and findings are as follows:
1) Summarize several major applications in the tunnel ventilation construction at the present stage, the calculation theory required in the air flow for the tunnel longitudinal ventilation, and the layout in all aspects of the ventilation. According to the characteristics of single head tunnel construction,combined with the summarized theory,the author makes the calculation of the required air volume, and elaborates the exposition of the ventilation system, the daily management and maintenance measures, and the safety measures in a more systematic way.
2)In terms of single head tunnel construction, the longer the distance, the greater the degree of difficulty. The author makes the numerical analysis about the tunnel flow field and pollutant concentration under the forced ventilation conditions. This numerical analysis provides a reasonable theoretical basis for the security of the tunnel construction, changes the rough and empirical estimate ways in the past.Therefore, it has practical significance in avoiding the uncertainty factors of the construction, ensuring the safety of the normal production,improving labor productivity, and promoting the efficient conduct construction progress.
3) Achieve the numerical simulation of the wind structure in a three-dimensional space inside the tunnel and the spread of harmful gas concentrations through large-scale finite element software ADINA. Single head tunnel forced ventilation belongs to the limited wall jet fluicids. The working face area makes the formation of the jet airflow area, back area and the turbulent area. The simulation results show that, due to the concentration proliferation effects of eddy current, there are high concentrations of harmful gases in the vortex center, and the eddy current has obvious residual effect on the proliferation. The concentration of harmful gases within the working range has a negative index of changes in ventilation time, and has been verified by the formula.
4) In order to speed up the speed of reducing emissions of harmful gases under the forced ventilation conditions,the author makes the the numerical simulation of the jet fans positions and the distances between fans. The calculation results show that, under the forced ventilation conditions, the tunnel jet fans placed in a central location of the recirculation zone can significantly speed up the pace of harmful gas emission reduction; The jet fans working distance is about 120m,which can be used as a reference when we place the tunnel jet fans, thus reducing the blindness during the installation process.
1)总结了现阶段隧道施工通风中主要应用的几种通风方式,隧道纵向通风所需要的风量计算理论,以及通风中各个环节的布置。针对两河口公路隧道独头掘进的特点,结合总结的理论进行了所需风量的计算,同时较系统地阐述了通风系统的日常管理和维护措施以及安全措施等。
2)对于独头掘进隧道而言,掘进距离越长,施工通风难度越大。对整条独头隧道压入式通风条件下,隧道内流场和污染物浓度变化进行了数值分析,此数值分析为隧道实现安全施工提供了合理的理论依据,改变了过去凭经验对施工通风时间范围粗略估计的方法,避免施工不确定因素的干扰,对保证正常的安全生产,提高劳动生产率,推动施工进度的高效进行,具有实际的指导意义。
3)通过大型有限元软件ADINA,实现了掘进隧道三维空间内风流结构和有害气体浓度扩散的数值模拟。独头掘进隧道压入式通风属于受限附壁射流,掌子面附近风流形成了射流区,回流区和紊流区三个区间。模拟结果表明,由于涡流对浓度扩散的影响,涡流中心有害气体浓度高,涡流对扩散有明显的滞留作用。工作区间内有害气体浓度随通风时间呈现负指数变化,并通过公式得到了验证。
4)为了加快独头掘进隧道压入式通风条件下有害气体的减排速度,对射流风机的摆放位置,风机间距进行了数值模拟。计算分析结果表明,压入式通风条件下,在隧道的回流区中央位置摆放射流风机能够明显加快有害气体的减排速度；射流风机的工作距离为120m左右,在隧道中摆放射流风机时可以以此数据作为参考,减少了安装过程中的盲目性。
The status quo of China's construction about the ventilation can not be optimistic. With the accelerating rate of tunneling and the increasing length of the tunnel,the problem of ventilation has become a "bottleneck." In terms of the safety and the schedule of the construction,or from the economic point of view, the scattered smoke and ventilation problems in the long and large single head tunnel construction, are realistic problems placed before engineering design personnel, project construction and project management personnel. In this paper, according to the Yalong River 1 # highway tunnel,the author try to do the basic theoretical calculations and numerical analysis about single head tunnel construction under the forced ventilation conditions. The main conclusions and findings are as follows:
1) Summarize several major applications in the tunnel ventilation construction at the present stage, the calculation theory required in the air flow for the tunnel longitudinal ventilation, and the layout in all aspects of the ventilation. According to the characteristics of single head tunnel construction,combined with the summarized theory,the author makes the calculation of the required air volume, and elaborates the exposition of the ventilation system, the daily management and maintenance measures, and the safety measures in a more systematic way.
2)In terms of single head tunnel construction, the longer the distance, the greater the degree of difficulty. The author makes the numerical analysis about the tunnel flow field and pollutant concentration under the forced ventilation conditions. This numerical analysis provides a reasonable theoretical basis for the security of the tunnel construction, changes the rough and empirical estimate ways in the past.Therefore, it has practical significance in avoiding the uncertainty factors of the construction, ensuring the safety of the normal production,improving labor productivity, and promoting the efficient conduct construction progress.
3) Achieve the numerical simulation of the wind structure in a three-dimensional space inside the tunnel and the spread of harmful gas concentrations through large-scale finite element software ADINA. Single head tunnel forced ventilation belongs to the limited wall jet fluicids. The working face area makes the formation of the jet airflow area, back area and the turbulent area. The simulation results show that, due to the concentration proliferation effects of eddy current, there are high concentrations of harmful gases in the vortex center, and the eddy current has obvious residual effect on the proliferation. The concentration of harmful gases within the working range has a negative index of changes in ventilation time, and has been verified by the formula.
4) In order to speed up the speed of reducing emissions of harmful gases under the forced ventilation conditions,the author makes the the numerical simulation of the jet fans positions and the distances between fans. The calculation results show that, under the forced ventilation conditions, the tunnel jet fans placed in a central location of the recirculation zone can significantly speed up the pace of harmful gas emission reduction; The jet fans working distance is about 120m,which can be used as a reference when we place the tunnel jet fans, thus reducing the blindness during the installation process.
引文
[1]王毅才.隧道工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001.
[2]Alan Vardy.On Semi-Transverse Ventilation Systems[C].7th International Symposium on the Aerodynamics and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels,1991:629-646
[3]毛遵训,徐宝贤.长隧道纵向式通风设计[J].公路,1994,9：12-14.
[4]苏立勇,对隧道施工通风的几点看法[J].西部探矿工程,2000,3：77-80.
[5]杨昌智,孙一坚.铁路双线隧道通风的空气动力特性研究[J].湖南大学学报,1997,24(2)：86-91.
[6]迟恽昌,张永刚.长距离隧洞施工通风的探讨[J].山西水利科技,1994,104(4)：49～50.
[7]王兴彬,长大瓦斯隧道施工新方法的探索[J].现代隧洞技术,2002,增刊：267～270.
[8]邵龙.漫松引水洞小断面长隧洞通风技术[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2002,15(增刊)：83～85.
[9]胡自林,彭立敏,刘胜利.中长公路隧道纵向通风计算模型[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,2003,18(2)：34—37.
[10]危宁,李力,王春燕.隧道施工通风中的有害气体浓度变化分析[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版).2006.8.
[11]王海桥,施式亮,刘荣华等.独头巷道射流通风流场CFD模拟研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2003,13(1)：68～71.
[12]王海桥,施式亮,刘荣华等.独头巷道附壁射流通风流场数值模拟研究[J].煤炭学报.2004,29(4)：425～428.
[13]郭鸿志,张欣欣,刘向军.传输过程数值模拟[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1998.
[14]赖涤泉,隧道施工通风与防尘[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1994.
[15]陈宁青,肖海苑.彩虹岭特长公路隧道施工环境通风方案设计[J].公路交通技术,2006,6：108～111.
[16]李文俊.夹活岩特长公路隧道竖井设计及施工方法探讨[J].铁道标准设计,2006,6：66～68.
[17]王贵明.特长公路隧道无轨运输施工中的通风方案[J].公路隧道,2003,2：34～37.
[18]朱齐平,郭京波,赖涤泉.辽宁大伙房输水隧洞TBM1段通风技术研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2004,17(4)：13～16
[19]李卫平,吕晓腾,潘金漾.万家寨引黄入晋工程长隧洞检修期通风设计阴.水利水电工程设计,2004,1：14～15.
[20]王英敏.矿井通风与除尘[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1993.
[21]STAEHLINJ,SCHLAPFERK,etal.Emission factors from road traffic froma tunnel study.Part Lconcept and first result[J].Sci.Total Environ,1995,169(1):141-147.
[22]李荫堂.环境保护与节能[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1998,111-20.
[23]赖涤泉.长隧洞施工软管通风技术的研究与应用[J].铁道建筑技术,1994,1.
[24]赖涤泉.隧道施工通风与除尘[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1994-7.
[25]程驰.长大隧道施工期空气环境质量分析及其控制措施研究[D],2008
[26]高辉.特长隧道锦屏辅助洞施工通风技术研究[D]：2008,04
[27]胡根友.长大隧道施工通风技术应用研究[D]：2008,12.
[28]高孟理.公路隧道射流通风原理和计算方法的探讨[J],兰州铁道学院学报,1989,8(4)：14-23.
[29]罗战夫.特长隧道射流通风与多作业面条件下通风技术[D]：2007,03.
[30]唐经世,廖艾贤.西康线秦岭Ⅱ线隧洞南口施工通风分析[J].1997,(6)
[31]王小平.板桃隧道施工技术研究[J].科学之友,2008,05(04).
[32]K.J.Bathe,ADINA User Interface Users Guide Report A&D,2001
[33]K.J.Bathe,Finite Element Procedures, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ,1996
[34]K.J.Bathe,ADINA Theory and Modeling Guide Volume Ⅱ:ADINA-T[M].ADINA R & D,2003
[35]李玉柱,苑明顺.流体力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998.
[36]王日升.美菰林纵向通风公路隧道数值模拟与研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[37]魏金凤,曾德顺,黄自萍.NS方程在隧道通风工程中的应用[J].力学季刊,2001,22(3)：383-388.
[38]朱自强.应用计算流体力学[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.1998.
[39]苏利军,卢文波.地下巷道钻爆开挖过程中炮烟扩散及通风[J].爆破,2003,3.
[40]余常昭,紊动射流[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1993.118-125.
[41]周谟仁,流体力学泵与风机[M].第3版.北京：中国工业建筑出版社,1994.161-171.
[42]危宁,李力,王春燕.隧道施工通风中的有害气体浓度变化分析[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2006,28(4)：324-327.
[43]董志勇.射流力学[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[44]S.Laslandes,C.Sace.Transport of particles by a turbulent flow around an obstacle-a numerical and a wind tunnel approach[J]. Journal of WindEngineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1998,74-76, 577-587.
[45]R.Klemens,P.Kosinski,P.Wolanski.et al.Numerical study of dust lifting in a channel with vertical obstacles[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2001,14(6): 469-473.
[46]Y.S.Chen,S.W.Kim.Computation of turbulent flows using an extended κ- ε εturbulence closure model[J].NASACR-179204,1987.
[47]OettlD.A Simple model for the dispersion of pollutants from a road tunnel portal[J].Atmos. Environ.200236(18):29432953
[48]刘荣华,王海桥等.压入式通风掘进工作面粉尘分布规律研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(3)：233-236.
[49]张恒,杨家松,高辉.锦屏隧道施工通风研究[J]广西水利发电,2008(5)：11-13.
[50]张国枢等主编.通风安全学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,,2000.
[51]赵彬,李先庭,彦启森.入口紊乱参数对室内空气分布的影响研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2000,(1)：1-4.
[52]杨胜来.综采工作面粉尘运移和粉尘浓度三维分布的数值模拟研究[J].中国安全科学学 报,2001,11(4)：61-64.
[53]王英敏.矿内空气动力学与矿井通风系统[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1994.
[54]岳戈,陈权等.ADINA应用基础与实例详解[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2008.
[55]陶文铨.数值传热学(第二版)[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[56]王晓珍,蒋仲安,刘毅.抽出式通风煤巷掘进面过程中粉尘浓度分布规律的数值模拟[J].中国安全生产科学技术.2006,2(5)：24～28.
[57]刘毅,蒋仲安,蔡卫等.综采工作面粉尘浓度分布的现场实测与数值模拟[J].煤炭科学技术.2006,34(4)：80～82.
[58]苏利军.大型地下洞室群施工中的通风散烟问题研究[D].武汉：武汉水利电力大学.2000.
[59]蔡小文,戴海英.引水隧洞开挖施工的通风设计与实践[J].浙江水利科技.2005,137(1)：71～76.
[60]杨立新,陆茂成,赵军喜.隧道施工爆破后通风排烟风量计算的探讨[J].西部探矿工程.2000,62(1)：55～56.
[61]卢玉英.单线铁路隧道施工通风的研究[D].成都：西南交通大学.1999.
[62]孙来成.隧洞通风管的漏风量、风压损失与隧洞通风换气[J].水利水电技术.1996,8：10～12.
[63]Lai Y G,So R M C,Puzekwas A J.Turbulent transonic flow simulation using a pressure-based method[J].Int.J.Eng.Sci.,1995,33(4):469～483.
[64]Alain Triboix,Daniel Marchal.Stability analysis of the mechanism of jet attachment to walls[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2002,45:2769-2775.
[65]Wu Zheng yan，Jiang Shuguang,He Xinjian et al.Study of 3-D numerical simulation for gas transfer in the goaf of the coal mining[J]. Journal of China Universityof Mi-ning&Technology,2007,17(2): 152-157.
[66]Hargreaves D.M.,Lowndes I.S.The computational modeling of the ventilation flows within a rapid development drivage[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2007,22:150-160.
[67]M.T.Parra,J.M.Villafruela,F.Castro.Numerical and experimental analysis of different ventilation systems in deep mines[J].Building and Enviroment,2006,41(2):87-93.
[68]Wang Xiao-ling,Liu Xuepeng,Luan Chuang et al.3D simulation on CO diffusion in the underground powerhouse construction[C].Iso Source:2008 2nd International Conference on Bioin—Formatics and Biomedical Engineering,ICBBE,2008 2nd International Conference on bioinformatics and BiomedicalEngineering,ICBBE,2008.
[69]王晓玲,陈红超,刘雪朋等.引水隧洞独头掘进工作面风流组织与CO扩散的模拟[J].水利学报,2008,39(1)：121～127.
[70]王晓玲,陈红超,杨丽丽.新疆八十一大阪引水隧洞TBM施工通风模拟研究[C].第三届全国水力学与水利信息学论文集[A].南京,2007.
[71]张静,王晓玲,陈红超等.引水隧洞独头掘进工作面风流和粉尘扩散的模拟[J].水力发电学报,2008,27(1)：111-117.
[72]路明,孙西欢,李彦军,范志高.湍流数值模拟方法及其特点分析[J].河北建筑科技学院学报,2006,23(2)：106～110.
[2]Alan Vardy.On Semi-Transverse Ventilation Systems[C].7th International Symposium on the Aerodynamics and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels,1991:629-646
[3]毛遵训,徐宝贤.长隧道纵向式通风设计[J].公路,1994,9：12-14.
[4]苏立勇,对隧道施工通风的几点看法[J].西部探矿工程,2000,3：77-80.
[5]杨昌智,孙一坚.铁路双线隧道通风的空气动力特性研究[J].湖南大学学报,1997,24(2)：86-91.
[6]迟恽昌,张永刚.长距离隧洞施工通风的探讨[J].山西水利科技,1994,104(4)：49～50.
[7]王兴彬,长大瓦斯隧道施工新方法的探索[J].现代隧洞技术,2002,增刊：267～270.
[8]邵龙.漫松引水洞小断面长隧洞通风技术[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2002,15(增刊)：83～85.
[9]胡自林,彭立敏,刘胜利.中长公路隧道纵向通风计算模型[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,2003,18(2)：34—37.
[10]危宁,李力,王春燕.隧道施工通风中的有害气体浓度变化分析[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版).2006.8.
[11]王海桥,施式亮,刘荣华等.独头巷道射流通风流场CFD模拟研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2003,13(1)：68～71.
[12]王海桥,施式亮,刘荣华等.独头巷道附壁射流通风流场数值模拟研究[J].煤炭学报.2004,29(4)：425～428.
[13]郭鸿志,张欣欣,刘向军.传输过程数值模拟[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1998.
[14]赖涤泉,隧道施工通风与防尘[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1994.
[15]陈宁青,肖海苑.彩虹岭特长公路隧道施工环境通风方案设计[J].公路交通技术,2006,6：108～111.
[16]李文俊.夹活岩特长公路隧道竖井设计及施工方法探讨[J].铁道标准设计,2006,6：66～68.
[17]王贵明.特长公路隧道无轨运输施工中的通风方案[J].公路隧道,2003,2：34～37.
[18]朱齐平,郭京波,赖涤泉.辽宁大伙房输水隧洞TBM1段通风技术研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2004,17(4)：13～16
[19]李卫平,吕晓腾,潘金漾.万家寨引黄入晋工程长隧洞检修期通风设计阴.水利水电工程设计,2004,1：14～15.
[20]王英敏.矿井通风与除尘[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1993.
[21]STAEHLINJ,SCHLAPFERK,etal.Emission factors from road traffic froma tunnel study.Part Lconcept and first result[J].Sci.Total Environ,1995,169(1):141-147.
[22]李荫堂.环境保护与节能[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1998,111-20.
[23]赖涤泉.长隧洞施工软管通风技术的研究与应用[J].铁道建筑技术,1994,1.
[24]赖涤泉.隧道施工通风与除尘[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1994-7.
[25]程驰.长大隧道施工期空气环境质量分析及其控制措施研究[D],2008
[26]高辉.特长隧道锦屏辅助洞施工通风技术研究[D]：2008,04
[27]胡根友.长大隧道施工通风技术应用研究[D]：2008,12.
[28]高孟理.公路隧道射流通风原理和计算方法的探讨[J],兰州铁道学院学报,1989,8(4)：14-23.
[29]罗战夫.特长隧道射流通风与多作业面条件下通风技术[D]：2007,03.
[30]唐经世,廖艾贤.西康线秦岭Ⅱ线隧洞南口施工通风分析[J].1997,(6)
[31]王小平.板桃隧道施工技术研究[J].科学之友,2008,05(04).
[32]K.J.Bathe,ADINA User Interface Users Guide Report A&D,2001
[33]K.J.Bathe,Finite Element Procedures, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ,1996
[34]K.J.Bathe,ADINA Theory and Modeling Guide Volume Ⅱ:ADINA-T[M].ADINA R & D,2003
[35]李玉柱,苑明顺.流体力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998.
[36]王日升.美菰林纵向通风公路隧道数值模拟与研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[37]魏金凤,曾德顺,黄自萍.NS方程在隧道通风工程中的应用[J].力学季刊,2001,22(3)：383-388.
[38]朱自强.应用计算流体力学[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.1998.
[39]苏利军,卢文波.地下巷道钻爆开挖过程中炮烟扩散及通风[J].爆破,2003,3.
[40]余常昭,紊动射流[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1993.118-125.
[41]周谟仁,流体力学泵与风机[M].第3版.北京：中国工业建筑出版社,1994.161-171.
[42]危宁,李力,王春燕.隧道施工通风中的有害气体浓度变化分析[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2006,28(4)：324-327.
[43]董志勇.射流力学[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[44]S.Laslandes,C.Sace.Transport of particles by a turbulent flow around an obstacle-a numerical and a wind tunnel approach[J]. Journal of WindEngineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1998,74-76, 577-587.
[45]R.Klemens,P.Kosinski,P.Wolanski.et al.Numerical study of dust lifting in a channel with vertical obstacles[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2001,14(6): 469-473.
[46]Y.S.Chen,S.W.Kim.Computation of turbulent flows using an extended κ- ε εturbulence closure model[J].NASACR-179204,1987.
[47]OettlD.A Simple model for the dispersion of pollutants from a road tunnel portal[J].Atmos. Environ.200236(18):29432953
[48]刘荣华,王海桥等.压入式通风掘进工作面粉尘分布规律研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(3)：233-236.
[49]张恒,杨家松,高辉.锦屏隧道施工通风研究[J]广西水利发电,2008(5)：11-13.
[50]张国枢等主编.通风安全学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,,2000.
[51]赵彬,李先庭,彦启森.入口紊乱参数对室内空气分布的影响研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2000,(1)：1-4.
[52]杨胜来.综采工作面粉尘运移和粉尘浓度三维分布的数值模拟研究[J].中国安全科学学 报,2001,11(4)：61-64.
[53]王英敏.矿内空气动力学与矿井通风系统[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1994.
[54]岳戈,陈权等.ADINA应用基础与实例详解[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2008.
[55]陶文铨.数值传热学(第二版)[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[56]王晓珍,蒋仲安,刘毅.抽出式通风煤巷掘进面过程中粉尘浓度分布规律的数值模拟[J].中国安全生产科学技术.2006,2(5)：24～28.
[57]刘毅,蒋仲安,蔡卫等.综采工作面粉尘浓度分布的现场实测与数值模拟[J].煤炭科学技术.2006,34(4)：80～82.
[58]苏利军.大型地下洞室群施工中的通风散烟问题研究[D].武汉：武汉水利电力大学.2000.
[59]蔡小文,戴海英.引水隧洞开挖施工的通风设计与实践[J].浙江水利科技.2005,137(1)：71～76.
[60]杨立新,陆茂成,赵军喜.隧道施工爆破后通风排烟风量计算的探讨[J].西部探矿工程.2000,62(1)：55～56.
[61]卢玉英.单线铁路隧道施工通风的研究[D].成都：西南交通大学.1999.
[62]孙来成.隧洞通风管的漏风量、风压损失与隧洞通风换气[J].水利水电技术.1996,8：10～12.
[63]Lai Y G,So R M C,Puzekwas A J.Turbulent transonic flow simulation using a pressure-based method[J].Int.J.Eng.Sci.,1995,33(4):469～483.
[64]Alain Triboix,Daniel Marchal.Stability analysis of the mechanism of jet attachment to walls[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2002,45:2769-2775.
[65]Wu Zheng yan，Jiang Shuguang,He Xinjian et al.Study of 3-D numerical simulation for gas transfer in the goaf of the coal mining[J]. Journal of China Universityof Mi-ning&Technology,2007,17(2): 152-157.
[66]Hargreaves D.M.,Lowndes I.S.The computational modeling of the ventilation flows within a rapid development drivage[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2007,22:150-160.
[67]M.T.Parra,J.M.Villafruela,F.Castro.Numerical and experimental analysis of different ventilation systems in deep mines[J].Building and Enviroment,2006,41(2):87-93.
[68]Wang Xiao-ling,Liu Xuepeng,Luan Chuang et al.3D simulation on CO diffusion in the underground powerhouse construction[C].Iso Source:2008 2nd International Conference on Bioin—Formatics and Biomedical Engineering,ICBBE,2008 2nd International Conference on bioinformatics and BiomedicalEngineering,ICBBE,2008.
[69]王晓玲,陈红超,刘雪朋等.引水隧洞独头掘进工作面风流组织与CO扩散的模拟[J].水利学报,2008,39(1)：121～127.
[70]王晓玲,陈红超,杨丽丽.新疆八十一大阪引水隧洞TBM施工通风模拟研究[C].第三届全国水力学与水利信息学论文集[A].南京,2007.
[71]张静,王晓玲,陈红超等.引水隧洞独头掘进工作面风流和粉尘扩散的模拟[J].水力发电学报,2008,27(1)：111-117.
[72]路明,孙西欢,李彦军,范志高.湍流数值模拟方法及其特点分析[J].河北建筑科技学院学报,2006,23(2)：106～110.