无线传感器网络容错拓扑结构特征分析及其控制算法研究
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摘要
受恶劣部署环境和有限能量资源的制约，无线传感器网络面临着环境损毁和能量耗尽综合节点失效的威胁，而遭受节点失效的网络拓扑容易出现断接和空洞，造成网络连通及覆盖服务质量的降低，这使得部分(或全部)网络监测信息无法传递到目的节点，导致网络在节点失效下无法继续保障应用功能。因此，无线传感器网络容错拓扑研究，是无线传感器网络实际应用最根本的基础，也是目前无线传感器网络安全领域的一项重要研究内容。本文从建立能量耗尽和环境损毁的综合节点失效模型入手，开展了无线传感器网络容错拓扑的结构特征分析及其控制算法课题研究，通过探索拓扑的节点度特征参量和度分布特征参量对其综合节点失效容错性的影响规律，研究高效的容错拓扑控制算法，实现拓扑对能量耗尽与环境损毁综合节点失效有效容忍的目标。具体研究工作如下：
考虑能量耗尽和环境损毁综合节点失效因素，建立节点综合故障模型，并采用不等式放缩法和一元函数极值分析法，研究拓扑的节点度特征参量对其综合容错性的影响规律，得出满足网络生命期及综合故障容忍能力要求的最优节点度，进而形成一种冗余容错拓扑控制算法，实现生命期和综合故障容错性的优化。
针对冗余容错拓扑无法应对多节点失效的不足，从网络连通和覆盖的有效性出发提出拓扑容错性测度，并以容错性测度为工具，采用概率母函数法研究拓扑的度分布特征参量对其综合容错性的影响规律，给出综合节点失效下长时间维持网络连通及覆盖服务拓扑所具有的最佳度分布。
基于最佳度分布，以延长网络生命期和降低网络干扰为共同优化目标来建立无标度容错拓扑模型，通过求解生命期干扰平衡无标度容错拓扑的度分布表达式，形成一种生命期干扰平衡的无标度容错拓扑控制算法，确保在对多个综合节点失效强容错的同时具备延长生命期和降低干扰的性能。
面向无标度容错拓扑易出现级联失效的问题，建立可变负载和固定容量的级联失效模型，通过研究无标度容错拓扑负载变化对其级联失效容错性的影响规律，推导出因单一随机节点失效引发无标度容错拓扑大规模级联失效的临界负载值，从参数优化角度避免单一随机节点失效下无标度容错拓扑的级联失效危害。
Under the restraint of the energy exhaustion and environmental damage, WirelessSensor Networks (WSNs) are usually was threatened with the energy exhaustion andenvironmental damage. Then due to nodes failure of the network topology, the servicequality of network connectivity and coverage are reduced. And the disconnection andcavitation of the network are easily appeared. Because the part (or all) of the networkmonitoring information cannot be passed to the destination node, the network can not benormally worked. Therefore, the research on the fault-tolerant topology is the mostfundamental basis of the practical application for the WSNs. And the research is importantin the WSNs security field. The node fault mode of energy exhaustion and environmentaldamage is built in this paper. The structure characteristics and control algorithms offault-tolerant topology is studied based on this model. The efficient control algorithms ofthe fault-tolerant topology are studied according to exploring the influence law oftopological node degree and degree distribution on the aspect of the integrated faulttolerance in WSNs. In this way, the efficitively tolerate of the topologies can be achievedduring the integrated node failures of the energy exhaustion and environmental damage.The main research works are as follows:
Considering the nodes fault of the energy exhaustion and environmental damage, theintegrated fault model is built in this paper. And the influence law of the topological nodedegree characteristic on integrated fault tolerance is studied by using the inequalitymethod and the unary function extremum method. Using the law, the optimal node degreeis obtained. And the dual requirements of the network lifetime and the integrated faulttolerance ability are met. Then a redundant fault-tolerant topology control algorithm isproposed. The optimizing of the lifetime and integrated fault tolereance is realized byusing this algorithm.
Considering that the redundant fault-tolerant topology cannot tolerate a large numberof nodes failure, a topology fault-tolerance measurement is proposed based on theeffectiveness of the network connectivity and coverage in this paper. The influence law of the topological degree distribution characteristic on the integrated fault tolerance is studiedby using the probability generating function and fault-tolerance measurement. Then thebest degree distribution of maintaining network connectivity and coverage service isobtained under the condition of integrated node failure during long-time work.
In order to prolonging the network lifetime and reducing network interference, ascale-free fault-tolerant topology model is built based on the best degree distribution inthis paper. The scale-free fault-tolerant topology control algrotihm is proposed by solvingthe degree distribution expression of the lifetime and interference of scale-freefault-tolerant topology balancing. The effectively tolerate of integrated failure nodes isachieved by this algorithm. And the network lifetime is prolong, the network interferenceis reduced.
Considering that the cascading failure usually appears in the scale-free fault-toleranttopology, a cascading failure model of the variable load and fixed capacity is built in thispaper. In the situation of large-scale cascading failure of scale-free fault-tolerant topologytriggering by a single failure node, the critical value of load is deduced according toanalyzing the influence law of the topology load on fault tolerance in case of cascadingfailure. The cascading failure causing by a single random failure node can be avoidedeffectively according to optimizing the parameter.
考虑能量耗尽和环境损毁综合节点失效因素，建立节点综合故障模型，并采用不等式放缩法和一元函数极值分析法，研究拓扑的节点度特征参量对其综合容错性的影响规律，得出满足网络生命期及综合故障容忍能力要求的最优节点度，进而形成一种冗余容错拓扑控制算法，实现生命期和综合故障容错性的优化。
针对冗余容错拓扑无法应对多节点失效的不足，从网络连通和覆盖的有效性出发提出拓扑容错性测度，并以容错性测度为工具，采用概率母函数法研究拓扑的度分布特征参量对其综合容错性的影响规律，给出综合节点失效下长时间维持网络连通及覆盖服务拓扑所具有的最佳度分布。
基于最佳度分布，以延长网络生命期和降低网络干扰为共同优化目标来建立无标度容错拓扑模型，通过求解生命期干扰平衡无标度容错拓扑的度分布表达式，形成一种生命期干扰平衡的无标度容错拓扑控制算法，确保在对多个综合节点失效强容错的同时具备延长生命期和降低干扰的性能。
面向无标度容错拓扑易出现级联失效的问题，建立可变负载和固定容量的级联失效模型，通过研究无标度容错拓扑负载变化对其级联失效容错性的影响规律，推导出因单一随机节点失效引发无标度容错拓扑大规模级联失效的临界负载值，从参数优化角度避免单一随机节点失效下无标度容错拓扑的级联失效危害。
Under the restraint of the energy exhaustion and environmental damage, WirelessSensor Networks (WSNs) are usually was threatened with the energy exhaustion andenvironmental damage. Then due to nodes failure of the network topology, the servicequality of network connectivity and coverage are reduced. And the disconnection andcavitation of the network are easily appeared. Because the part (or all) of the networkmonitoring information cannot be passed to the destination node, the network can not benormally worked. Therefore, the research on the fault-tolerant topology is the mostfundamental basis of the practical application for the WSNs. And the research is importantin the WSNs security field. The node fault mode of energy exhaustion and environmentaldamage is built in this paper. The structure characteristics and control algorithms offault-tolerant topology is studied based on this model. The efficient control algorithms ofthe fault-tolerant topology are studied according to exploring the influence law oftopological node degree and degree distribution on the aspect of the integrated faulttolerance in WSNs. In this way, the efficitively tolerate of the topologies can be achievedduring the integrated node failures of the energy exhaustion and environmental damage.The main research works are as follows:
Considering the nodes fault of the energy exhaustion and environmental damage, theintegrated fault model is built in this paper. And the influence law of the topological nodedegree characteristic on integrated fault tolerance is studied by using the inequalitymethod and the unary function extremum method. Using the law, the optimal node degreeis obtained. And the dual requirements of the network lifetime and the integrated faulttolerance ability are met. Then a redundant fault-tolerant topology control algorithm isproposed. The optimizing of the lifetime and integrated fault tolereance is realized byusing this algorithm.
Considering that the redundant fault-tolerant topology cannot tolerate a large numberof nodes failure, a topology fault-tolerance measurement is proposed based on theeffectiveness of the network connectivity and coverage in this paper. The influence law of the topological degree distribution characteristic on the integrated fault tolerance is studiedby using the probability generating function and fault-tolerance measurement. Then thebest degree distribution of maintaining network connectivity and coverage service isobtained under the condition of integrated node failure during long-time work.
In order to prolonging the network lifetime and reducing network interference, ascale-free fault-tolerant topology model is built based on the best degree distribution inthis paper. The scale-free fault-tolerant topology control algrotihm is proposed by solvingthe degree distribution expression of the lifetime and interference of scale-freefault-tolerant topology balancing. The effectively tolerate of integrated failure nodes isachieved by this algorithm. And the network lifetime is prolong, the network interferenceis reduced.
Considering that the cascading failure usually appears in the scale-free fault-toleranttopology, a cascading failure model of the variable load and fixed capacity is built in thispaper. In the situation of large-scale cascading failure of scale-free fault-tolerant topologytriggering by a single failure node, the critical value of load is deduced according toanalyzing the influence law of the topology load on fault tolerance in case of cascadingfailure. The cascading failure causing by a single random failure node can be avoidedeffectively according to optimizing the parameter.
引文
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