稻曲病菌生物学特性及水稻抗稻曲病评价研究
|
摘要
水稻稻曲病(False Smut of Rice)是由稻曲病菌[Ustilaginoidea virens(Cke)Tak]引起的水稻穗部真菌性病害,该病在世界各水稻产区均有发生,近年来呈现加重趋势,它不仅直接影响水稻的品质和产量,而且其产生的毒素对人和动物均有毒性。目前,防治稻曲病危害的主要途径有抗病品种的选育和利用、化学药剂防治和农业防治,其中选育和利用抗病品种不仅可以实现高产优质,同时也是解决稻曲病危害的最适宜的途径。
经不同分离方法和不同培养基的比较研究,采用组织块培养法可以较快地分离到纯稻曲病菌,该典型菌落在胁本哲固体培养基上培养需要7d左右,接种菌体(分生孢子和菌丝体)可在PS(马铃薯蔗糖)液体培养基中培养,只需要5d左右,条件均为26℃左右,PS培养液需在130r/min的水平摇床中进行振荡培养。
稻曲病菌厚垣孢子有不同颜色的变化,经过对典型黄色、淡墨绿色和黑色三种不同颜色厚垣孢子的基本生物学特性研究,得出黄色厚垣孢子在温度15℃-40℃、PH值2-12之间都能萌发,萌发的最适温度在25℃-28℃之间,最适pH值在6.5-7.5之间;新鲜的黄色厚垣孢子在培养18h后开始萌发,到30h后萌发率达到最高值,有92%左右,淡墨绿色厚垣孢子在培养28h后开始萌发,但其最高萌发率不超过40%,而黑色厚垣孢子不萌发;在4℃的冰箱中贮存35d后,黄色厚垣孢子在培养33h后萌发,其萌发率还在80%左右,而淡墨绿色厚垣孢子在培养45h后萌发,其萌发率不到5%,这表明厚垣孢子萌发所需时间随着贮存时间的延长而越久,萌发率随着贮存时间的延长而降低。
2007-2008年在湖南的攸县、怀化市、桃江县和湘阴县采用自然诱发以及自然诱发与人工辅助接种相结合的方法测定了18个水稻品种对稻曲病的田间抗病性,结果表明抗病的品种有T优259、培两优559、新香优80和T优706,感病的品种有两优培九、红莲优6号和Ⅱ优416,其他11个品种在各地的抗感程度有一定的差异。
The rice false smut is a fungal panicle disease in rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens,which it distributes in rice production areas of the whole world and it damage become more and more serious in resent years.And it is not only effects of yield and quality of rice,but its ulstiloxins can also cause poisoning to human and animals.At present,the important control measures of rice false smut are breeding and using resistant cultivars,chemical control and agricultural control,among which breeding and using resistant cultivars is the best effective,economical and safe method.
After compared the different separation methods and mediums,we found that tissuing pieces culture method can isolate the purified Ustilaginoidea virens quickly, it needed 7 days to culture the classical colonies on XBZ medium,and the inoculation strain cultured in PS suspended liquid which just needed 5 days,the culture condition was 26℃,and PS suspended liquid needed to culture in shaking table in 130r/min.
The chlamydospores of rice false smut have some different colours.By the distinguishing to the biological characteristics of typical yellow,light greenblack and black chlamydospores,resulted that the yellow chlamydospores could germinate betwwen the temperature 15℃to 40℃,pH 2 to 12,the optimum temperature of germination betwwen 25℃to 28℃,the optimum PH betwwen 6.5 to 7.5;the yellow chlamydospores could germinate after 18 hours' culture,their germination rate reached 92 pencent after 30 hours,which came to the maximum.The germination of the light greenblack chlamydospores were after 28 hours' culture,but their maximum germination rate were less than 40 pencent,the black chlamydospores were ungerminate;the yellow chlamydospores could germinate after 33 hours' culture while 35 days' storage in 4℃fridge,and their germination rate were still about 80 pencent,but the light greenblack chlamydospores needed 45 hours' culture to germinate,while their germination rate were less than 5 pencent.It showed that the germination time that chlamydospores needed increased with the increase storage,and the germination rate decreased with the increase storage.
The field resistance of 18 rice cultivars against to false smut was tested by the two methods,both the natural inducement and the natural inducement plus artificial supplementary inoculation in You County,Huaihua City,Taojiang County and Xiangyin County of Hunan in 2007 and 2008.The result showed that Tyou259, Peiliangyou559,Xinxiangyou80 and Tyou706 were resistant to false smut,while Liangyoupeijiu,Honglianyou6 andⅡyou416 were susceptible,and the other 11 rice varieties displayed variation in resistance and suscetiblity in the four different locations.
经不同分离方法和不同培养基的比较研究,采用组织块培养法可以较快地分离到纯稻曲病菌,该典型菌落在胁本哲固体培养基上培养需要7d左右,接种菌体(分生孢子和菌丝体)可在PS(马铃薯蔗糖)液体培养基中培养,只需要5d左右,条件均为26℃左右,PS培养液需在130r/min的水平摇床中进行振荡培养。
稻曲病菌厚垣孢子有不同颜色的变化,经过对典型黄色、淡墨绿色和黑色三种不同颜色厚垣孢子的基本生物学特性研究,得出黄色厚垣孢子在温度15℃-40℃、PH值2-12之间都能萌发,萌发的最适温度在25℃-28℃之间,最适pH值在6.5-7.5之间;新鲜的黄色厚垣孢子在培养18h后开始萌发,到30h后萌发率达到最高值,有92%左右,淡墨绿色厚垣孢子在培养28h后开始萌发,但其最高萌发率不超过40%,而黑色厚垣孢子不萌发;在4℃的冰箱中贮存35d后,黄色厚垣孢子在培养33h后萌发,其萌发率还在80%左右,而淡墨绿色厚垣孢子在培养45h后萌发,其萌发率不到5%,这表明厚垣孢子萌发所需时间随着贮存时间的延长而越久,萌发率随着贮存时间的延长而降低。
2007-2008年在湖南的攸县、怀化市、桃江县和湘阴县采用自然诱发以及自然诱发与人工辅助接种相结合的方法测定了18个水稻品种对稻曲病的田间抗病性,结果表明抗病的品种有T优259、培两优559、新香优80和T优706,感病的品种有两优培九、红莲优6号和Ⅱ优416,其他11个品种在各地的抗感程度有一定的差异。
The rice false smut is a fungal panicle disease in rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens,which it distributes in rice production areas of the whole world and it damage become more and more serious in resent years.And it is not only effects of yield and quality of rice,but its ulstiloxins can also cause poisoning to human and animals.At present,the important control measures of rice false smut are breeding and using resistant cultivars,chemical control and agricultural control,among which breeding and using resistant cultivars is the best effective,economical and safe method.
After compared the different separation methods and mediums,we found that tissuing pieces culture method can isolate the purified Ustilaginoidea virens quickly, it needed 7 days to culture the classical colonies on XBZ medium,and the inoculation strain cultured in PS suspended liquid which just needed 5 days,the culture condition was 26℃,and PS suspended liquid needed to culture in shaking table in 130r/min.
The chlamydospores of rice false smut have some different colours.By the distinguishing to the biological characteristics of typical yellow,light greenblack and black chlamydospores,resulted that the yellow chlamydospores could germinate betwwen the temperature 15℃to 40℃,pH 2 to 12,the optimum temperature of germination betwwen 25℃to 28℃,the optimum PH betwwen 6.5 to 7.5;the yellow chlamydospores could germinate after 18 hours' culture,their germination rate reached 92 pencent after 30 hours,which came to the maximum.The germination of the light greenblack chlamydospores were after 28 hours' culture,but their maximum germination rate were less than 40 pencent,the black chlamydospores were ungerminate;the yellow chlamydospores could germinate after 33 hours' culture while 35 days' storage in 4℃fridge,and their germination rate were still about 80 pencent,but the light greenblack chlamydospores needed 45 hours' culture to germinate,while their germination rate were less than 5 pencent.It showed that the germination time that chlamydospores needed increased with the increase storage,and the germination rate decreased with the increase storage.
The field resistance of 18 rice cultivars against to false smut was tested by the two methods,both the natural inducement and the natural inducement plus artificial supplementary inoculation in You County,Huaihua City,Taojiang County and Xiangyin County of Hunan in 2007 and 2008.The result showed that Tyou259, Peiliangyou559,Xinxiangyou80 and Tyou706 were resistant to false smut,while Liangyoupeijiu,Honglianyou6 andⅡyou416 were susceptible,and the other 11 rice varieties displayed variation in resistance and suscetiblity in the four different locations.
引文
[1]S.H.OU.Rice Diseases[M].Common wealth mycological institute.1972,288-295.
[2]Pantoja A,Medina-Gaud S.False smut,a new disease record from Puerto Rico's rice fields[J].Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico,1988,72(2):331.
[3]Dodan D S,Ram S,Sunder S.False smut of rice:present status[J].Agric.Rev,1996,17(4):226-227.
[4]Rush M C,Shahjahan A K M,Jones J P,Groth D E.Outbreak of false smut of rice in Louisiana[J].Plant Disease,2000,84(1):100.
[5]季宏平.国内外稻曲病研究进展[J].黑龙江农业科学,2002,(4):34-37.
[6]王金辉,陈越华.湖南省2004年中、晚稻稻曲病流行情况调查[J].中国植保导刊,2005,25(8):14-15.
[7]董涛海,钱钧,徐国军,等.稻曲病对粳稻产量损失的测定[J].浙江农业科学,2003,(2):85-86.
[8]季宏平.水稻稻曲病产量损失及药剂防治的初步研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2000,(4):18-19.
[9]高家樟,曹国平,黄守行,等.稻曲病病情分级标准的研究和应用[J].湖南农业大学学报,2000,26(2):122-125.
[10]高俊,奚本贵,吴永芳,等.水稻产量损失测定及经济阈值初探[J].江苏农业科学,2001,(3):36-37.
[11]丁玉梅.稻曲病曲果与穗重关系研究及其应用[J].植保技术与推广,1997,17(4):20-21.
[12]施辰子,郭玉人,陆保理,等.水稻稻曲病分级标准及导致产量损失的初步测定[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2003,21(2):152-155.
[13]陈永兵,周有铭,刘福明,等.稻曲病田间分布特点及对水稻产量影响因子研究[J].浙江农业科学,2005,(4):301-304.
[14]Nakamura K,Izumiyama N.Lupinosis in dee caused by ustiloxin and a crude extract of fungal culture of Ustilaginoidea virens[J].Proceedings of the Japanese Association of Mycotoxicology,1992,35:41-43.
[15]黄世文,余柳青.国内稻曲病的研究现状[J].江西农业学报,2002,14(2):45-51.
[16]陈美军,胡东维,徐颖.稻曲病菌毒素的活性测定、抗体制备与细胞的免疫定位[J].实验生物学报,2004,37(4):310-314.
[17]Koiso Y,Natori M,Iwasalti S,et al..Ustiloxin:a Phytotoxin and a mycotoxin from false smut balls on rice panicles[J].Tetrahedron Letters,1992,33(29):4157-4160.
[18]KosioY Li Y,Iwasaki S,Hanaoka K,et al..Ustiloxins,antimitotic cyclic peptides from false smut balls on rice panicles caused by Ustilaginoidea virens[J].Journal of Antibiotics,1994,47(7):765-773.
[19]陈永坚,肖炎农,赵永静.稻曲病菌越冬厚垣孢子萌发力及其染力的研究[J].植物保护,1995,22(2):102-106.
[20]郭荣华,乌体炜曦,薛勤.稻曲病菌侵入期研究[J].植物保护,2000,26(2):25-26.
[2 1]Dodan D S,Ram S,Sunder S.False smut of rice:present status[J].Agric.Rev,1996,17(4):226-227.
[22]王政逸,谢国荣.我国稻曲病的研究现状[J].浙江农业科学,2000,增刊10-13.
[23]Verma P K,Singh R A.Occurrence of physiologic forms in Ustilaginoidea virensthe cause of false smut of rice[J].Indian pHytopathology.1978,31(1):127-128.
[24]Honkura R,Miura Y.Occurrence of white false smut of dee plant shows the infection route in hill[J].Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection of North Japan.1991,42:24-26.
[25]王疏,白金恺.A new species of Ustilaginoidea:U.albicans[J].菌物系统,1997,16(4):257-258.
[26]王疏,白元俊,刘晓舟,等.稻曲病菌白化菌株研究初报[J].辽宁农业科学, 1996,(6):45-47.
[27]Rathaiah Y,Bhattacharyya A.Sclerotia of false smut(Fsm) of rice from Assam,Indian[J].International Rice Research Notes.1993,18(1):48.
[28]严位中,王永华.稻曲病菌核的初步研究[J].云南农业大学学报,1993,8(3):206-207.
[29]黎毓干,康必鉴,张宝棣,等.稻曲病研究初报[J].广东农业科学,1986,(4):45-48.
[30]Yashoda Hegde,Anahosur K H,Srikant Kulkarni.Effect of date of sowing on the incidence of false smut of rice[J].Advances in Agricultural Research in India.2000,14:147-149.
[31]王兴国,汤洪涛,杨勤莲.稻曲病病粒形成过程及对健粒的影响[J].植物保护学报,1989,15(5):30-31.
[32]季宏平.水稻稻曲病及其防治方法[J].黑龙江农业科学,1996,(3):38.
[33]缪巧明.稻曲病菌核的研究[J].云南农业大学学报,1994,9(2):101-104.
[34]王国良.影响稻曲病菌厚垣孢子萌发因素的研究[J].植物保护学报,1988,15(4):241-245.
[35]田鸿,陶家风.水稻稻曲病菌厚垣孢子萌发特性及稻曲病菌毒素对水稻,玉米,小麦种子萌发的影响[J].西南农业学报,2000,13(3):113-116.
[36]陈永坚,肖炎农,赵永静.稻曲病菌越冬厚垣孢子萌发力及其染力的研究[J].植物保护学报,1995,22(2):102-106.
[37]王疏,杜毅,褚茗莉,等.稻曲病菌孢子形成的培养技术及人工接种研究[J].辽宁农业科学,1992(5):35-37.
[38]周永力,章琦.稻曲病菌分离技术的初探[J].中国水稻科学.1999,13(3):186-188.
[39]程明渊,刘洪涛,闵万元,等.人工培养条件下稻曲病菌厚垣孢子产生因素初探[J].吉林农业科学,1996(2):62-64.
[40]缪巧明.稻曲病菌核的研究[J].云南农业大学学报,1994,9(2):101-104.
[41]季宏平.稻曲病病原菌分离技术及培养条件初步研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2001(2):26-27.
[42]周永力,章琦.稻曲病菌分离技术的初探[J].中国水稻科学,199913(3):186-188.
[43]陈美军,胡东维,徐颖.稻曲病菌毒素的活性测定、抗体制备与细胞的免疫定位[J].实验生物学报,2004,37(4):310-314.
[44]Singh M,Gangpadahyay S.Artificial cultures of Ustilaginoidea virens and screening of dee varieties[False smut][J].Transactions of the British Mycological Society 1981,77(3):660-661.
[45]王桂华,李桂荣.稻曲病菌人工培养方法[J].植物病理学报,1990,20(1):32.
[46]Verma P K,Singh R A.Variations in Claviceps oryzae sativae,the incitant of false smut of rice[J].Indian pHytoPathology.1988,41(1):48-50.
[47]王疏,杜毅,褚茗莉,等.稻曲病菌孢子形成的培养技术及人工接种研究[J].辽宁农业科学,1992,5:35-37.
[48]王疏,白元俊,周永力,等.稻曲病菌的病原学[J].植物病理学报,1998,28(1):19-24.
[49]陆凡,陈志宜,陈毓,等.稻曲病菌的生物学特性及其侵染循环某些未确定要点的研究[J].江苏农业学报,1996,12(4):35-40.
[50]董坷,傅淑云.水稻稻曲病菌核萌发试验初报[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1989,20(3):359-362.
[51]缪巧明,王永华.水稻品种对稻曲病的抗病性鉴定技术研究[J].云南农业大学学报,1993,8(3):209-212.
[52]Chen Z Y,Yin S Y,Chen Y L.Biological characteristics of Ustilaginoidea virens and the screening in vitro of the causal pathogen of false smut of rice and fungicides[J].CRRN,Chinese Rice Research Newsletter.1994,2(1):4-6.
[53]Yashoda Hegde,Anahosur K H,Srikant Kulkarni.Effect of date of sowing on the incidence of false smut of rice[J].Advances in Agricultural Research in India.2000,14:147-149.
[54]刘安国.稻曲病菌厚垣抱子发芽力的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,1989,11(3):29-34.
[55]陈志谊,陈毓苓.稻曲病的侵染规律与防治技术研究[J].植保技术与推广,1994,(1):8-9.
[56]张汝通,陈飞跃.稻曲病发生规律及防治研究口[J].湖南农学院学报,1989,15(1):69-76.
[57]左广胜,冉西京,杜生茂,等.稻曲病菌初侵染源研究[J].中国农学通报,1996,12(5):17-18.
[58]王国良.稻曲病厚垣孢子侵染时期和侵染途径的研究[J].植物保护学报,1992,19(2):97-100.
[59]黄世文,余柳青.国内稻曲病的研究现状[J].江西农业学报,2002,14(2):45-51.
[60]Ansari M M,Ram T,Sharma TVRS.Yield loss assessment in promising rice cultures due to false smut[J].Oryza,1988,25(2):207-209.
[61]陈嘉孚,邓根生,杨治年,等.稻种资源对稻曲病抗性鉴定研究[J].作物品种资源,1992,(2):35-36.
[62]刘永锋,陆凡,陈志谊,等.江苏省水稻主栽及后备品种对稻曲病的抗性[J].作物杂学,2000,(6):11-13.
[63]Patel K V,Vala D G.Effect of nitrogendoses on incidence of false smut of rice[J].Indian Journal of Mycology and PlantPathology,1992,22(3):260-262.
[64]潘勋,张淑平,高俊全,等.氮磷肥对稻曲病发生程度的影响[J].河北农业科学,1993,(1):18-20.
[65]缪巧明,李化瑶.云南省稻曲病研究进展[J].云南农业科技,1994,(3):8-10.
[66]Singh R A.Meteorological factors influencing the occurrence of false smut of rice[J].Indian Journal of Agricultural Science,1974,(44):11.
[67]张汝通,陈飞跃.稻曲病发生规律及防治研究口[J].湖南农学院学报,1989,15(1):69-76.
[68]Bhagat A P,Prasad Y.Effect of irrigation on incidence of false smut of rice[J].Journal of Applide Biology,1996,6:1-2.
[69]孙立晨.稻曲病在日本的发生及防治对策[J].农业与技术,2000, 20(6):35-36.
[70]金素心,等.11个水稻品种抗稻曲病的田间抗病性评价[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,23(3):317-320.
[71]傅秀林.从品种选育利用的角度探讨解决吉林省稻曲病的危害问题[J].吉林农业科学,1994,(4):27-29.
[72]季宏平,张匀华,王芊,等.黑龙江省水稻品种(系)对稻曲病的抗性鉴定[J].黑龙江农业科学,2001,(3):60-63.
[73]黄珍龙,谢炜,唐春生.十个两系杂交稻组合对稻曲病田间自然抗性的综合评价[J].湖南农业科学,2005,(4):51-52.
[74]季宏平.稻曲病病原菌分离技术及培养条件初步研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2001,(2):26-27.
[75]张君成,张炳欣,陈志谊,等.稻曲病菌分生孢子的生物学研究[J].植物病理学报,2003,33(1):44-47.
[76]Ou S H.Rice diseases[M].Slough,UK:CAB/CMI.1985,307-311.
[77]陆凡,陈志谊,陈毓苓,等.稻曲病菌的生物学特性及其侵染循环中某些未确定要点的研究[J].江苏农业学报,1996,12(4):35-40.
[78]Singh R A.False smut of rice[R].Pantnagar,U P India:GB.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,1984,108.
[79]Fujita Y,Sonoda R,Yaegashi H.Inoculation with conidiospores of false smut fungus to rice panicles at the booting stage[J].Annals of the pHytopathological Society of Japan,1989,55(5):629-634.
[80]Trzcinska M,Pachlewski W.Chitin content of vegetative mycelia of some mycorrhizal fungi.Acta Micol.1986,22:89-93.
[81]Austin R R,Brine C J,Castle J E,Zikakis J P.Chitin:New facets of research.Science 1981,21(2):744-753.
[82]陆凡,陈志谊,陈毓苓,等.稻曲病菌的生物学特性及其侵染循环中某些未确定要点的研究[J].江苏农业学报,1996,12(4):35-40.
[83]Bhagat A P,Prasad Y,Yadav B P.Effect of environment on false smut infection in rice[J].Journal of Applied Biology,1993,3(1-2):56-59.
[84]王疏,等.稻曲病菌的病原学[J].植物病理学报,1998,28(1):19-24.
[85]Smith H,Williams A E,Pearce J H,et al..Foetal erythritol:a cause of the localization of Brucella abortus in bovine contagious abortion[J].Nature,1962,193:47-49.
[86]Burrows T W,Gillett W A.Host specificity of Brazilian strains of Pasteurella pestis[J].Nature,1971,229:51-52.
[87]李小娟.稻曲病的空间分布型与品种抗性评价及抗性生化机制研究[D].湖南农业大学,200.
[88]Strange R N,Smith H,Majer J R.Choline,one of two fungal growth Stimulants in anthers responsible for the susceptibility of wheat to Fusarium graminearum[J].Nature,1972,238:103-104.
[89]Strange R N,Majer J R,Smith H.The isolation and identification choline and betaine as the two major components in anthers and wheat germ that stimulate Fusafium graminearum in vitro[J],pHysiological Plant Pathology,1974,4:277-290.
[90]Lukezie F L,DeVay J E.Effect of myo-inositol in host tissues on the Parasitism of Prums domestieavar.President by Rhodostical.quercina[J].pHytopathology,1964,54:697-700.
[91]Bhagat A P.Field reaction of rice genotypes to Ustilaginoidea virens[J].Journal of Applied Biology,1993,3(1-2):100-101.
[2]Pantoja A,Medina-Gaud S.False smut,a new disease record from Puerto Rico's rice fields[J].Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico,1988,72(2):331.
[3]Dodan D S,Ram S,Sunder S.False smut of rice:present status[J].Agric.Rev,1996,17(4):226-227.
[4]Rush M C,Shahjahan A K M,Jones J P,Groth D E.Outbreak of false smut of rice in Louisiana[J].Plant Disease,2000,84(1):100.
[5]季宏平.国内外稻曲病研究进展[J].黑龙江农业科学,2002,(4):34-37.
[6]王金辉,陈越华.湖南省2004年中、晚稻稻曲病流行情况调查[J].中国植保导刊,2005,25(8):14-15.
[7]董涛海,钱钧,徐国军,等.稻曲病对粳稻产量损失的测定[J].浙江农业科学,2003,(2):85-86.
[8]季宏平.水稻稻曲病产量损失及药剂防治的初步研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2000,(4):18-19.
[9]高家樟,曹国平,黄守行,等.稻曲病病情分级标准的研究和应用[J].湖南农业大学学报,2000,26(2):122-125.
[10]高俊,奚本贵,吴永芳,等.水稻产量损失测定及经济阈值初探[J].江苏农业科学,2001,(3):36-37.
[11]丁玉梅.稻曲病曲果与穗重关系研究及其应用[J].植保技术与推广,1997,17(4):20-21.
[12]施辰子,郭玉人,陆保理,等.水稻稻曲病分级标准及导致产量损失的初步测定[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2003,21(2):152-155.
[13]陈永兵,周有铭,刘福明,等.稻曲病田间分布特点及对水稻产量影响因子研究[J].浙江农业科学,2005,(4):301-304.
[14]Nakamura K,Izumiyama N.Lupinosis in dee caused by ustiloxin and a crude extract of fungal culture of Ustilaginoidea virens[J].Proceedings of the Japanese Association of Mycotoxicology,1992,35:41-43.
[15]黄世文,余柳青.国内稻曲病的研究现状[J].江西农业学报,2002,14(2):45-51.
[16]陈美军,胡东维,徐颖.稻曲病菌毒素的活性测定、抗体制备与细胞的免疫定位[J].实验生物学报,2004,37(4):310-314.
[17]Koiso Y,Natori M,Iwasalti S,et al..Ustiloxin:a Phytotoxin and a mycotoxin from false smut balls on rice panicles[J].Tetrahedron Letters,1992,33(29):4157-4160.
[18]KosioY Li Y,Iwasaki S,Hanaoka K,et al..Ustiloxins,antimitotic cyclic peptides from false smut balls on rice panicles caused by Ustilaginoidea virens[J].Journal of Antibiotics,1994,47(7):765-773.
[19]陈永坚,肖炎农,赵永静.稻曲病菌越冬厚垣孢子萌发力及其染力的研究[J].植物保护,1995,22(2):102-106.
[20]郭荣华,乌体炜曦,薛勤.稻曲病菌侵入期研究[J].植物保护,2000,26(2):25-26.
[2 1]Dodan D S,Ram S,Sunder S.False smut of rice:present status[J].Agric.Rev,1996,17(4):226-227.
[22]王政逸,谢国荣.我国稻曲病的研究现状[J].浙江农业科学,2000,增刊10-13.
[23]Verma P K,Singh R A.Occurrence of physiologic forms in Ustilaginoidea virensthe cause of false smut of rice[J].Indian pHytopathology.1978,31(1):127-128.
[24]Honkura R,Miura Y.Occurrence of white false smut of dee plant shows the infection route in hill[J].Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection of North Japan.1991,42:24-26.
[25]王疏,白金恺.A new species of Ustilaginoidea:U.albicans[J].菌物系统,1997,16(4):257-258.
[26]王疏,白元俊,刘晓舟,等.稻曲病菌白化菌株研究初报[J].辽宁农业科学, 1996,(6):45-47.
[27]Rathaiah Y,Bhattacharyya A.Sclerotia of false smut(Fsm) of rice from Assam,Indian[J].International Rice Research Notes.1993,18(1):48.
[28]严位中,王永华.稻曲病菌核的初步研究[J].云南农业大学学报,1993,8(3):206-207.
[29]黎毓干,康必鉴,张宝棣,等.稻曲病研究初报[J].广东农业科学,1986,(4):45-48.
[30]Yashoda Hegde,Anahosur K H,Srikant Kulkarni.Effect of date of sowing on the incidence of false smut of rice[J].Advances in Agricultural Research in India.2000,14:147-149.
[31]王兴国,汤洪涛,杨勤莲.稻曲病病粒形成过程及对健粒的影响[J].植物保护学报,1989,15(5):30-31.
[32]季宏平.水稻稻曲病及其防治方法[J].黑龙江农业科学,1996,(3):38.
[33]缪巧明.稻曲病菌核的研究[J].云南农业大学学报,1994,9(2):101-104.
[34]王国良.影响稻曲病菌厚垣孢子萌发因素的研究[J].植物保护学报,1988,15(4):241-245.
[35]田鸿,陶家风.水稻稻曲病菌厚垣孢子萌发特性及稻曲病菌毒素对水稻,玉米,小麦种子萌发的影响[J].西南农业学报,2000,13(3):113-116.
[36]陈永坚,肖炎农,赵永静.稻曲病菌越冬厚垣孢子萌发力及其染力的研究[J].植物保护学报,1995,22(2):102-106.
[37]王疏,杜毅,褚茗莉,等.稻曲病菌孢子形成的培养技术及人工接种研究[J].辽宁农业科学,1992(5):35-37.
[38]周永力,章琦.稻曲病菌分离技术的初探[J].中国水稻科学.1999,13(3):186-188.
[39]程明渊,刘洪涛,闵万元,等.人工培养条件下稻曲病菌厚垣孢子产生因素初探[J].吉林农业科学,1996(2):62-64.
[40]缪巧明.稻曲病菌核的研究[J].云南农业大学学报,1994,9(2):101-104.
[41]季宏平.稻曲病病原菌分离技术及培养条件初步研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2001(2):26-27.
[42]周永力,章琦.稻曲病菌分离技术的初探[J].中国水稻科学,199913(3):186-188.
[43]陈美军,胡东维,徐颖.稻曲病菌毒素的活性测定、抗体制备与细胞的免疫定位[J].实验生物学报,2004,37(4):310-314.
[44]Singh M,Gangpadahyay S.Artificial cultures of Ustilaginoidea virens and screening of dee varieties[False smut][J].Transactions of the British Mycological Society 1981,77(3):660-661.
[45]王桂华,李桂荣.稻曲病菌人工培养方法[J].植物病理学报,1990,20(1):32.
[46]Verma P K,Singh R A.Variations in Claviceps oryzae sativae,the incitant of false smut of rice[J].Indian pHytoPathology.1988,41(1):48-50.
[47]王疏,杜毅,褚茗莉,等.稻曲病菌孢子形成的培养技术及人工接种研究[J].辽宁农业科学,1992,5:35-37.
[48]王疏,白元俊,周永力,等.稻曲病菌的病原学[J].植物病理学报,1998,28(1):19-24.
[49]陆凡,陈志宜,陈毓,等.稻曲病菌的生物学特性及其侵染循环某些未确定要点的研究[J].江苏农业学报,1996,12(4):35-40.
[50]董坷,傅淑云.水稻稻曲病菌核萌发试验初报[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1989,20(3):359-362.
[51]缪巧明,王永华.水稻品种对稻曲病的抗病性鉴定技术研究[J].云南农业大学学报,1993,8(3):209-212.
[52]Chen Z Y,Yin S Y,Chen Y L.Biological characteristics of Ustilaginoidea virens and the screening in vitro of the causal pathogen of false smut of rice and fungicides[J].CRRN,Chinese Rice Research Newsletter.1994,2(1):4-6.
[53]Yashoda Hegde,Anahosur K H,Srikant Kulkarni.Effect of date of sowing on the incidence of false smut of rice[J].Advances in Agricultural Research in India.2000,14:147-149.
[54]刘安国.稻曲病菌厚垣抱子发芽力的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,1989,11(3):29-34.
[55]陈志谊,陈毓苓.稻曲病的侵染规律与防治技术研究[J].植保技术与推广,1994,(1):8-9.
[56]张汝通,陈飞跃.稻曲病发生规律及防治研究口[J].湖南农学院学报,1989,15(1):69-76.
[57]左广胜,冉西京,杜生茂,等.稻曲病菌初侵染源研究[J].中国农学通报,1996,12(5):17-18.
[58]王国良.稻曲病厚垣孢子侵染时期和侵染途径的研究[J].植物保护学报,1992,19(2):97-100.
[59]黄世文,余柳青.国内稻曲病的研究现状[J].江西农业学报,2002,14(2):45-51.
[60]Ansari M M,Ram T,Sharma TVRS.Yield loss assessment in promising rice cultures due to false smut[J].Oryza,1988,25(2):207-209.
[61]陈嘉孚,邓根生,杨治年,等.稻种资源对稻曲病抗性鉴定研究[J].作物品种资源,1992,(2):35-36.
[62]刘永锋,陆凡,陈志谊,等.江苏省水稻主栽及后备品种对稻曲病的抗性[J].作物杂学,2000,(6):11-13.
[63]Patel K V,Vala D G.Effect of nitrogendoses on incidence of false smut of rice[J].Indian Journal of Mycology and PlantPathology,1992,22(3):260-262.
[64]潘勋,张淑平,高俊全,等.氮磷肥对稻曲病发生程度的影响[J].河北农业科学,1993,(1):18-20.
[65]缪巧明,李化瑶.云南省稻曲病研究进展[J].云南农业科技,1994,(3):8-10.
[66]Singh R A.Meteorological factors influencing the occurrence of false smut of rice[J].Indian Journal of Agricultural Science,1974,(44):11.
[67]张汝通,陈飞跃.稻曲病发生规律及防治研究口[J].湖南农学院学报,1989,15(1):69-76.
[68]Bhagat A P,Prasad Y.Effect of irrigation on incidence of false smut of rice[J].Journal of Applide Biology,1996,6:1-2.
[69]孙立晨.稻曲病在日本的发生及防治对策[J].农业与技术,2000, 20(6):35-36.
[70]金素心,等.11个水稻品种抗稻曲病的田间抗病性评价[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,23(3):317-320.
[71]傅秀林.从品种选育利用的角度探讨解决吉林省稻曲病的危害问题[J].吉林农业科学,1994,(4):27-29.
[72]季宏平,张匀华,王芊,等.黑龙江省水稻品种(系)对稻曲病的抗性鉴定[J].黑龙江农业科学,2001,(3):60-63.
[73]黄珍龙,谢炜,唐春生.十个两系杂交稻组合对稻曲病田间自然抗性的综合评价[J].湖南农业科学,2005,(4):51-52.
[74]季宏平.稻曲病病原菌分离技术及培养条件初步研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2001,(2):26-27.
[75]张君成,张炳欣,陈志谊,等.稻曲病菌分生孢子的生物学研究[J].植物病理学报,2003,33(1):44-47.
[76]Ou S H.Rice diseases[M].Slough,UK:CAB/CMI.1985,307-311.
[77]陆凡,陈志谊,陈毓苓,等.稻曲病菌的生物学特性及其侵染循环中某些未确定要点的研究[J].江苏农业学报,1996,12(4):35-40.
[78]Singh R A.False smut of rice[R].Pantnagar,U P India:GB.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,1984,108.
[79]Fujita Y,Sonoda R,Yaegashi H.Inoculation with conidiospores of false smut fungus to rice panicles at the booting stage[J].Annals of the pHytopathological Society of Japan,1989,55(5):629-634.
[80]Trzcinska M,Pachlewski W.Chitin content of vegetative mycelia of some mycorrhizal fungi.Acta Micol.1986,22:89-93.
[81]Austin R R,Brine C J,Castle J E,Zikakis J P.Chitin:New facets of research.Science 1981,21(2):744-753.
[82]陆凡,陈志谊,陈毓苓,等.稻曲病菌的生物学特性及其侵染循环中某些未确定要点的研究[J].江苏农业学报,1996,12(4):35-40.
[83]Bhagat A P,Prasad Y,Yadav B P.Effect of environment on false smut infection in rice[J].Journal of Applied Biology,1993,3(1-2):56-59.
[84]王疏,等.稻曲病菌的病原学[J].植物病理学报,1998,28(1):19-24.
[85]Smith H,Williams A E,Pearce J H,et al..Foetal erythritol:a cause of the localization of Brucella abortus in bovine contagious abortion[J].Nature,1962,193:47-49.
[86]Burrows T W,Gillett W A.Host specificity of Brazilian strains of Pasteurella pestis[J].Nature,1971,229:51-52.
[87]李小娟.稻曲病的空间分布型与品种抗性评价及抗性生化机制研究[D].湖南农业大学,200.
[88]Strange R N,Smith H,Majer J R.Choline,one of two fungal growth Stimulants in anthers responsible for the susceptibility of wheat to Fusarium graminearum[J].Nature,1972,238:103-104.
[89]Strange R N,Majer J R,Smith H.The isolation and identification choline and betaine as the two major components in anthers and wheat germ that stimulate Fusafium graminearum in vitro[J],pHysiological Plant Pathology,1974,4:277-290.
[90]Lukezie F L,DeVay J E.Effect of myo-inositol in host tissues on the Parasitism of Prums domestieavar.President by Rhodostical.quercina[J].pHytopathology,1964,54:697-700.
[91]Bhagat A P.Field reaction of rice genotypes to Ustilaginoidea virens[J].Journal of Applied Biology,1993,3(1-2):100-101.