一品红无土促成栽培对其生长发育及生理生化影响的研究
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摘要
本文以一品红“天鹅绒”(Euphorbia pulcherrima‘Red Velvet')为实验对象,研究了在合肥地区温室条件下一品红的无土·促成栽培,并研究了其生理生化、观赏指标的变化。旨在从一品红促成栽培的基质、营养液及其生理生化方面入手,为其栽培技术提供一定的理论参考。主要结果如下:
1、由正交试验分析结果可知,最佳的无土栽培方案为进口泥炭:珍珠岩2:1+1‰花多多溶液+浇施6d+喷施6d。
2、一品红在营养生长旺盛期和花期间净光合速率P_n的变化均呈双峰曲线,在双峰之间有一段“午休”现象。营养生长旺盛期“午休”持续的时间要长于花期,P_n下降的程度也大于花期,即午休的程度也更深。
3、在一品红的生长期间,顶端叶片叶绿素的含量呈下降趋势,与花青素呈相反的变化。遮光处理40d为变化的拐点,叶绿素大幅下降,花青素则迅速增加,在此期间叶片开始变色,直至出现花蕾。
4、遮光处理40d内一品红营养生长旺盛,有利于光合产物的积累,可溶性糖的含量增加。遮光处理40d后,苞片开始转色。随着叶绿素含量的下降,光合能力减弱,可溶性糖的含量开始下降。在一品红生长期间叶片中可溶性蛋白质的含量呈下降趋势。
5、遮光处理40d内在12:00～15:00之间,40～60d内12:00～14:00之间应该打开温室的内外遮阳,降低光强;加强通风,并喷雾以降低室内温度,增加空气湿度,从而缓和一品红“午休”的程度,减少外界不利环境对一品红生长的影响。
6、在进入遮光处理20d期间,要加强施肥管理,保证有机物的正常合成。遮光处理40d后是一品红转色的关键期间。在此之前应保证足够的N肥供应,以满足花期的需求;而在此之后则应控制N肥,增加P肥,以保证苞片正常的转色。另外遮光处理40d后也是花青素增加的关键期,此时要加强夜间管理,防止暗周期受环境的影响而中断。
Forcing culture of Euphorbia pulcherrima 'Red Velvet' was studied under the condition of the greenhouse in Hefei,as well as its physiological and biochemical changes and ornamental value.The results could be provided as some theoretical guidance for cultivation technique of 'Red Velvet' based on studies on culture matrix for forcing culture,nutrient solution and physiological and biochemical aspects.Main results are as follows:
1、The results of orthogonal experiment analyses showed that the best treatment was imported peat 2/3+perlite1/3+1‰Peters professional+irrigation6d+sprinlder irrigation 6d.
2、The results show that the diurnal variation of its photosynthetic rate in leaves presented double peak curves but there was a sig-nificant midday depression during both vegetative period and florescence.Compared florescence,the midday depression of photosynthesis became more serious and had a longer duration.Also,the average daily net photosynthetic rate(P_n) was decreased more than florescence.
3、During the growth of 'Red Velvet',chlorophyll contents of leaves declined all the time with an increase in anthocyanins.From the middle of August to early September, chlorophyll contents deeply decreased with a rapid increase in anthocyanins.Meanwhile, leaves were turning color until flower buds appearing.
4、Great difference in temperature during day and night in summer in Hefei,which was beneficial to substance accumulation of photosynthate.Solubility sugar increased at first and decreased later with chlorophyll contents decreased which lead to photosynthetic capacity fell after bracts were turning color.During the growth of 'Red Velvet', degradation contents of soluble protein increased more,compared with synthetic product of soluble protein.
5、In order to reduce adverse influence on 'Red Velvet' for adverse environment factors, it was necessary to open inner and outer sun shading net of greenhouse to decline the light intensity and it was also necessary to enhance the ventilation and spraying to decrease the indoor temperature and increase humidity of greenhouse from 12:00 to 15:00 during treating forty days as well as 12:00 to 14:00 during treating forty to sixty days.
6、Appropriate Fertilization managements were necessary.Through the integrative analysis of these physiological indices,it could be inferred a conclusion that it was a key time after shading treatments for forty days.Bracts of 'Red Velvet' were turning color at florescence, which could be treated as a turning point from vegetative period to florescence.Before the tuming point,the adequate N supply was necessary for normal growth at florescence.While after the turning point,moderate amount N and adequate P supply was necessary for bracts to be turning color.
1、由正交试验分析结果可知,最佳的无土栽培方案为进口泥炭:珍珠岩2:1+1‰花多多溶液+浇施6d+喷施6d。
2、一品红在营养生长旺盛期和花期间净光合速率P_n的变化均呈双峰曲线,在双峰之间有一段“午休”现象。营养生长旺盛期“午休”持续的时间要长于花期,P_n下降的程度也大于花期,即午休的程度也更深。
3、在一品红的生长期间,顶端叶片叶绿素的含量呈下降趋势,与花青素呈相反的变化。遮光处理40d为变化的拐点,叶绿素大幅下降,花青素则迅速增加,在此期间叶片开始变色,直至出现花蕾。
4、遮光处理40d内一品红营养生长旺盛,有利于光合产物的积累,可溶性糖的含量增加。遮光处理40d后,苞片开始转色。随着叶绿素含量的下降,光合能力减弱,可溶性糖的含量开始下降。在一品红生长期间叶片中可溶性蛋白质的含量呈下降趋势。
5、遮光处理40d内在12:00～15:00之间,40～60d内12:00～14:00之间应该打开温室的内外遮阳,降低光强;加强通风,并喷雾以降低室内温度,增加空气湿度,从而缓和一品红“午休”的程度,减少外界不利环境对一品红生长的影响。
6、在进入遮光处理20d期间,要加强施肥管理,保证有机物的正常合成。遮光处理40d后是一品红转色的关键期间。在此之前应保证足够的N肥供应,以满足花期的需求;而在此之后则应控制N肥,增加P肥,以保证苞片正常的转色。另外遮光处理40d后也是花青素增加的关键期,此时要加强夜间管理,防止暗周期受环境的影响而中断。
Forcing culture of Euphorbia pulcherrima 'Red Velvet' was studied under the condition of the greenhouse in Hefei,as well as its physiological and biochemical changes and ornamental value.The results could be provided as some theoretical guidance for cultivation technique of 'Red Velvet' based on studies on culture matrix for forcing culture,nutrient solution and physiological and biochemical aspects.Main results are as follows:
1、The results of orthogonal experiment analyses showed that the best treatment was imported peat 2/3+perlite1/3+1‰Peters professional+irrigation6d+sprinlder irrigation 6d.
2、The results show that the diurnal variation of its photosynthetic rate in leaves presented double peak curves but there was a sig-nificant midday depression during both vegetative period and florescence.Compared florescence,the midday depression of photosynthesis became more serious and had a longer duration.Also,the average daily net photosynthetic rate(P_n) was decreased more than florescence.
3、During the growth of 'Red Velvet',chlorophyll contents of leaves declined all the time with an increase in anthocyanins.From the middle of August to early September, chlorophyll contents deeply decreased with a rapid increase in anthocyanins.Meanwhile, leaves were turning color until flower buds appearing.
4、Great difference in temperature during day and night in summer in Hefei,which was beneficial to substance accumulation of photosynthate.Solubility sugar increased at first and decreased later with chlorophyll contents decreased which lead to photosynthetic capacity fell after bracts were turning color.During the growth of 'Red Velvet', degradation contents of soluble protein increased more,compared with synthetic product of soluble protein.
5、In order to reduce adverse influence on 'Red Velvet' for adverse environment factors, it was necessary to open inner and outer sun shading net of greenhouse to decline the light intensity and it was also necessary to enhance the ventilation and spraying to decrease the indoor temperature and increase humidity of greenhouse from 12:00 to 15:00 during treating forty days as well as 12:00 to 14:00 during treating forty to sixty days.
6、Appropriate Fertilization managements were necessary.Through the integrative analysis of these physiological indices,it could be inferred a conclusion that it was a key time after shading treatments for forty days.Bracts of 'Red Velvet' were turning color at florescence, which could be treated as a turning point from vegetative period to florescence.Before the tuming point,the adequate N supply was necessary for normal growth at florescence.While after the turning point,moderate amount N and adequate P supply was necessary for bracts to be turning color.
引文
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